Christianity has lost its salience, but customs and traditions maintained their importance in forming national identity in Europe. Using the ISSP National Identity 2003 and 2013 data from 17 European countries, this article tests how the salience of Christianity and sharing of national customs and traditions varies according to the share of Muslim and immigrant population, and whether the association changed across time. Multilevel regressions show that the link between the size of the Muslim population and the salience of Christianity changed between 2003 and 2013. In 2003, the link was negative. In 2013, respondents from countries with larger Muslim populations were more concerned about Christian background of nationals. The link between the share of immigrants and the demand on sharing national customs and traditions changed as well. In 2003, it was negative but, by 2013, it flattened out.
- MeSH
- Islam MeSH
- Transcultural Nursing MeSH
- Nurses, International MeSH
- Geographicals
- Saudi Arabia MeSH
Islámská republika Írán je velmi pokrokový stát v oblasti lékařského výzkumu a v jeho aplikaci. Ačkoliv je země plně podřízena islámskému právu (šaría) a vlivu šíitských duchovních, rozvoj lékařské vědy není vůbec omezen; ší'itská lékařská etika (na rozdíl od sunnitské) totiž většinu moderních lékařských technik povoluje. Díky tomuto postoji je dnes Írán specialistou na mnohé techniky, které jsou v jiných zemích z náboženských nebo etických důvodů zakázány. Například íránský výzkum klonování a buněčné i genové terapie je na světové úrovni, pacienti mohou při léčbě neplodnosti využít dárcovský program i surogátní mateřství, byl legalizován prodej ledviny pro transplantaci, provádí se chirurgické operace změny pohlaví, země je centrem kosmetické chirurgie. Všechny tyto služby (kromě transplantací) jsou nabízeny i zahraničním pacientům. Díky těmto neomezovaným možnostem, vysoké kvalitě a nízké ceně se Írán v současné době silně prosazuje na trhu zdravotního turismu, a to nejen v regionu Středního východu, ale už i celosvětově.
The Islamic Republic of Iran is a very progressive state in the field of medical research and its application. Although the country is fully subject to Islamic law (sharia) and the influence of Shiite clerics, the development of medical science is not limited at all; Shi'ite medical ethics (unlike Sunnite) allows most of the modern medical techniques. Due to this attitude, Iran specializes today in many techniques that are prohibited in other countries for religious or ethical reasons. For example, Iranian research on cloning, cell and gene therapy reaches the world level, patients can use a third-party donor program and surrogacy for infertility treatment, the sale of kidney for transplantation was legalized, gender reassignment surgery is performed, and the country is a centre of cosmetic surgery. All of these services (excluding transplantation) are also offered to foreign patients. Thanks to these unlimited possibilities, high quality and low price, Iran has been currently gaining a strong position in the medical tourism market, not only in the Middle East region, but also worldwide.
- MeSH
- Islam MeSH
- Ethics, Medical MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Medical Tourism * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Geographicals
- Iran MeSH
117 stran : ilustrace ; 30 cm
Studie se zaměřuje na právní přístup islámu k asistované reprodukci. Určeno odborné veřejnosti.
- MeSH
- Reproductive Techniques, Assisted MeSH
- Islam MeSH
- Religion and Medicine MeSH
- Legislation as Topic MeSH
- Publication type
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Conspectus
- Gynekologie. Porodnictví
- NML Fields
- reprodukční lékařství
- humanitní vědy a umění
- právo, zákonodárství
- NML Publication type
- studie
- brožury
- MeSH
- Depression etiology therapy MeSH
- Mental Disorders ethnology MeSH
- Ethnic and Racial Minorities psychology MeSH
- Ethnopsychology * MeSH
- Islam psychology MeSH
- Cultural Competency MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Human Migration MeSH
- Religion and Psychology MeSH
- Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic etiology therapy MeSH
- Psychotherapy MeSH
- Sociological Factors MeSH
- Anxiety Disorders etiology therapy MeSH
- Treatment Outcome MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Case Reports MeSH
The aim of this study was to evaluate the oral health and diet of a Medieval Muslim sample from Granada in southern Spain (11th – 15th centuries), in which the sex and age of the remains had been established. Carious lesions, linear enamel hypoplasia, dental calculus and tooth wear were the pathologies examined in this paper. A total of 961 permanent teeth and 1009 alveoli belonging to sixty individuals (32 males and 28 females) were observed. Adult males exhibited significantly higher prevalence of tooth wear, while females exhibited higher prevalence of caries and dental calculus. The highest frequency of linear enamel hypoplasia was determined in juvenile individuals. Additionally, a peak age at stress of 2.5 to 3 years was recorded in the sample. This paper showed that frequency and distribution of dental pathologies in the Medieval population of Granada is very similar to that other agricultural European populations of the same socio-economic status during the same historic period. The level of caries and dental calculus could be associated with a carbohydrate-rich diet with only occasional consumption of meat. Furthermore, significant differences between adult men and women in the sample studied suggest different nutritional patterns during adulthood with females consuming food mostly based on carbohydrates in comparison to males.
- MeSH
- History, Medieval * MeSH
- Epidemiologic Factors MeSH
- Epidemiologic Studies MeSH
- Dental Enamel Hypoplasia epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Islam MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Tooth Diseases * epidemiology etiology classification MeSH
- Tooth Wear epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Feeding Behavior MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Dental Calculus epidemiology etiology MeSH
- Dental Caries epidemiology MeSH
- Dental Enamel pathology MeSH
- Tooth pathology MeSH
- Check Tag
- History, Medieval * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Historical Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Spain MeSH
Při současné geopolitické situaci v Evropě vyvstává otázka, jaké jsou postoje vůči osobám s muslimským vyznáním. Tato práce se zabývá právě postoji lidí v Praze k cizince, u které je její muslimské vyznání zjevné v porovnání s cizinkou, u které na první pohled není možné určit konkrétní světonázor. Celkem bylo osloveno sto osob. Padesát z nich figurantkou v roli muslimky, dalších padesát pak stejnou figurantkou v roli „běžné“ cizinky. Reakce osob byly hodnoceny na škále od jedné do pěti. Postoj osob k figurantce v roli muslimky se statisticky významně nelišil od postoje k figurantce v roli cizinky (p = 0,124). Další aspekty této problematiky, například rozdíl mezi hodnocením Čechů a cizinců, jsou diskutovány.
The current geopolitical situation in Europe raises the question of what attitudes towards Muslims are. This article deals with the attitudes of people in Prague to a foreign woman whose Muslim belief is obvious compared to a stranger, whose particular worldview cannot be determined. A total of one hundred people were approached. Fifty of them were addressed by a figurant serving as a Muslim woman, another fifty by the same figurant in the role of “ordinary” stranger. The responses of individuals were rated on a scale of one to five. The attitude of people to the figurant in the role of the Muslim woman did not differ statistically significantly from the attitude towards figurant in the role of foreigner (p = 0.124). Other aspects of this issue, such as the difference between the evaluation of Czechs and foreigners, are discussed.
- MeSH
- Emigrants and Immigrants MeSH
- Empirical Research MeSH
- Islam * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Attitude * MeSH
- Social Behavior MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
Authors deal with practice of nursing care provided to Muslim clients in the Czech Republic. They use the explorative research design. By means of analyses of 21 semi-structured interviews with important social actors in the area of health care (spa resorts and hospitals). The study shows that Muslims are not homogeneous in their behaviour in the field of health care. In the spa environment, three interpretation perspectives can be found: the economic interpretation of a Muslim as the source of income of the Czech spa industry, which faces economic problems, the cultural interpretation developed within the spas (the experience capital of the staff and other clients), and the (a) cultural interpretation of Muslims and Islam brought to spas from the outside (the public opinion). However, in the area of hospitals, Muslims are not separated from the remaining categories of students; Muslim patients represent a small group of persons, and their treatment being conditioned by the distance or closeness of cultures, language skills, adaptation, and experiences with treatment in the Czech environment as perceived by the staff.
- MeSH
- Islam * MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Religion and Medicine * MeSH
- Nursing Care methods MeSH
- Nursing Staff * MeSH
- Attitude of Health Personnel * MeSH
- Interviews as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Czech Republic MeSH
