Dyslipidemias are lipid metabolism alterations that cause increased levels of serum lipoprotein, cholesterol, and triglycerides. These alterations are associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular diseases and are a risk factor for atherosclerosis development. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Rosmarinus officinalis essential oil (EORO, 100 mg/kg) and its nanoemulsion (NEORO, 500 µg/kg) on Triton and coconut saturated-fat-induced (CSF) dyslipidemias using Wistar rats. The phytochemical evaluation of EORO performed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (GC-MS) revealed 1,8-cineole (33.70%), camphor (27.68%), limonene (21.99%), and α-pinene (8.13%) as its major compounds. Triton-induced dyslipidemia significantly increased total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides levels. On the other hand, the groups treated with EORO and NEORO had significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL, and triglycerides compared to the group treated only with Triton. Similar results were observed on the positive control treated with simvastatin. Dyslipidemia induced with coconut saturated-fat (CSF) caused abdominal fat gain, hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, increased LDL levels, and atherogenesis in the aorta. In contrast, the groups treated with EORO, NEORO, and simvastatin had significantly reduced hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia, reduced abdominal fat gain, and absence of atherogenesis in the vascular endothelium. Overall, in the Triton-induced dyslipidemia model, EORO treatment had superior values than NEORO's (and simvastatin), although the differences were not too high, while in the CSF model, the values were mixed. In this manner, our results show an anti-dyslipidemic and anti-atherogenic activity effect by EORO and NEORO.
- Klíčová slova
- nanoemulze,
- MeSH
- aorta thoracica diagnostické zobrazování patologie MeSH
- ateroskleróza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- chromatografie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- dyslipidemie * farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- nanostruktury statistika a číselné údaje terapeutické užití MeSH
- oleje prchavé * analýza aplikace a dávkování chemie MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- rozmarýn MeSH
- simvastatin terapeutické užití MeSH
- tuky škodlivé účinky MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- klinická studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Na separáciu konformérov diazepamu sa použila chirálna stacionárna fáza na báze ß-cyklodextrínu. Ako mobilné fázy sa použili zmesi organického rozpúšťadla a tlmivého roztoku so zložením acetonitril/octanový tlmivý roztok (200 mmol/l) s rôznym pH (3,3; 5,5; 6,5). Následne sa skúmal vplyv prídavku chirálneho selektora (ß-cyklodextrínu) do mobilnej fázy na separáciu konformérov diazepamu. Separácia konformérov diazepamu bola komplikovaná interkonverziou diazepamu, ktorá je dôsledkom jeho konfiguračnej nestability. Detailne sa študoval vplyv prietoku, teploty, pH a iónovej sily mobilnej fázy na interkonverziu a elučné charakteristiky (retenčný faktor a selektivitný koeficient). HPLC separácia bola doplnená štandardným 1H a COSY NMR experimentom, ktorým sa overila štruktúra diazepamu v kyslom prostredí mobilnej fázy.
Chiral ß-cyclodextrin was used to separate diazepam conformers. Several mobile phases of the composition acetonitrile/acetate buffer 200 mmol/l (pH=3.3, 5.5, 6.5) were employed for this purpose. As follows, the influence of addition of chiral ß-cyclodextrin to the mobile phase on diazepam separation was studied. The interconversion was a concurrence process of separation, resulting from stereolability of the diazepam molecule. The influences of temperature, flow rate, pH, and ionic strength of the mobile phase on interconversion and chromatographic parameters (retention factor and selectivity coefficient) were studied. Complementary off-line NMR measurements were carried out with the goal to confirm the structure of diazepam in the presence of an acid mobile phase.
