Adequate extracorporeal membrane oxygenation support in the adult requires cannulae permitting blood flows up to 6-8 L/minute. In accordance with Poiseuille's law, flow is proportional to the fourth power of cannula inner diameter and inversely proportional to its length. Poiseuille's law can be applied to obtain the pressure drop of an incompressible, Newtonian fluid (such as water) flowing in a cylindrical tube. However, as blood is a pseudoplastic non-Newtonian fluid, the validity of Poiseuille's law is questionable for prediction of cannula properties in clinical practice. Pressure-flow charts with non-Newtonian fluids, such as blood, are typically not provided by the manufacturers. A standardized laboratory test of return (arterial) cannulae for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation was performed. The aim was to determine pressure-flow data with human whole blood in addition to manufacturers' water tests to facilitate an appropriate choice of cannula for the desired flow range. In total, 14 cannulae from three manufacturers were tested. Data concerning design, characteristics, and performance were graphically presented for each tested cannula. Measured blood flows were in most cases 3-21% lower than those provided by manufacturers. This was most pronounced in the narrow cannulae (15-17 Fr) where the reduction ranged from 27% to 40% at low flows and 5-15% in the upper flow range. These differences were less apparent with increasing cannula diameter. There was a marked disparity between manufacturers. Based on the measured results, testing of cannulae including whole blood flows in a standardized bench test would be recommended.

• MeSH
• Equipment Design instrumentation   MeSH
• Hemodynamics physiology   MeSH
• Cannula * MeSH
• Catheterization methods   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation instrumentation   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

In this paper, we demonstrate the effectiveness of a new 3D printed magnet holder that enables capture of magnetic microparticles in commercially available capillary electrophoresis equipment with a liquid or air based coolant system. The design as well as the method to capture magnetic microparticles inside the capillary are discussed. This setup was tested at temperature and pH values suitable for performing enzymatic reactions. To demonstrate its applicability in CE- immobilized microenzyme reactors (IMER) development, human flavin-containing monooxygenase 3 and bovine serum albumin were immobilized on amino functionalized magnetic microparticles using glutaraldehyde. These microparticles were subsequently used to perform in-line capillary electrophoresis with clozapine as a model substrate. This setup could be used further to establish CE-IMERs of other drug metabolic enzymes in a commercially available liquid based capillary coolant system. The CE-IMER setup was successful, although a subsequent decrease in enzyme activity was observed on repeated runs.

• MeSH
• Amines chemistry   MeSH
• Equipment Design instrumentation   MeSH
• Electrophoresis, Capillary instrumentation   MeSH
• Enzymes, Immobilized chemistry   MeSH
• Glutaral chemistry   MeSH
• Clozapine chemistry   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Fields MeSH
• Magnets chemistry   MeSH
• Microspheres * MeSH
• NADP chemistry   MeSH
• Silicon Dioxide chemistry   MeSH
• Oxygenases chemistry   MeSH
• Surface Properties MeSH
• Serum Albumin, Bovine chemistry   MeSH
• Enzyme Stability MeSH
• Temperature MeSH
• Particle Size MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

V léčbě pacientů s diabetem (1. i 2. typu, příp. i ostatních typů diabetu) se významně uplatňují léky, které je nutné podávat parenterálně. Konkrétně si pacienti aplikují tyto léky subkutánně. Kromě inzulinu patří do této skupiny v diabetologii i GLP-1 analoga a glukagon (tj. záchranná medikace pro případ hypoglykemického bezvědomí). Podávání těchto léků vyžaduje přesnost dávkování, šetrnou a jednoduchou aplikaci, opatření proti zanesení infekce. Tyto požadavky musí aplikační pomůcky splňovat a zanedbáno nemůže být ani estetické hledisko. Aplikační pomůcky jsou buď jednorázové, nebo pro opakované použití. V článku je rozebrána současná situace stran jehel a stříkaček používaných diabetickými pacienty, inzulinových (a jiných aplikačních) per a inzulinových pump. Tento rozbor je doplněn o historické ohlédnutí za vývojem těchto pomůcek, které mají usnadnit každodenní život pacientům s diabetem.

In the treatment of diabetic patients (suffering from type 1 and type 2 diabetes as well as from other types of diabetes) drugswhich must be administered via parenteral way are frequently used. These drugs are applied subcutaneously. To this group notonly insulin belongs. GLP-1 analogues and glucagon (e.g. an emergency medication for hypoglycaemic coma) are given subcutaneouslyas well. The administration of these drugs must be precise, gentle, simple and safe to prevent the risk of infection.Application devices used to deliver these drugs must fulfil these criteria but esthetical viewpoint should be taken into account aswell. These devices are disposable or not (e.g. can be used repeatedly). In this article, current status regarding needles and syringesused by diabetic patients as well as regarding insulin (or other application) pens and insulin pump is discussed. The analysis ofdevices intended for daily diabetic patients’ life enhancement is accompanied by the historical overview of their development.

• Keywords
• inzulinová pera,
• MeSH
• Equipment Design instrumentation   MeSH
• Diabetes Mellitus * drug therapy   MeSH
• Syringes * MeSH
• Insulin therapeutic use   MeSH
• Insulin Infusion Systems * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

• MeSH
• Ambulatory Care * legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Ambulatory Care Facilities * organization & administration   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Equipment Design standards   instrumentation   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Optometry methods   manpower   legislation & jurisprudence   MeSH
• Equipment and Supplies classification   standards   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Equipment Design instrumentation   MeSH
• Cardiac Pacing, Artificial * history   methods   MeSH
• Pacemaker, Artificial trends   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Arrhythmias, Cardiac * therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Newspaper Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Equipment Design instrumentation   MeSH
• Lower Extremity MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Upper Extremity MeSH
• Neural Networks, Computer MeSH
• Computer Graphics utilization   MeSH
• Computer Simulation utilization   MeSH
• Computer Systems MeSH
• Rehabilitation instrumentation   MeSH
• Artificial Intelligence MeSH

Benigní a maligní nádory v oblasti páteře a míchy patří mezi časté nálezy a jsou příčinou výrazné morbidity (bolest a neurologický deficit), která výrazným způsobem zhoršuje kvalitu života. Incidence metastatického postižení skeletu je v ČR asi 6 500 každý rok a s ohledem na delší přežívání než v případě viscerálních metastáz se jedná o značný medicínský problém. Léčba páteřních tumorů je obvykle řešena mutidisciplinárně. V některých případech je možná kompletní resekce, někdy je nutno se spokojit s dekompresí. Konvenční zevní radioterapie je často limitována toleranční dávkou míchy, což může vést k nedostatečné lokální kontrole. Stereotaktická radiochirurgie (SRS-stereotactic radiosurgery) přístrojem Cyberknife se od zevní frakcionované radioterapie odlišuje použitím mnoha konvergentních polí, které umožňují dodat vysokou dávku záření do cílového objemu za současného chránění okolních struktur. SRS je relativně dlouhou dobu používána intrakraniálně, kdy je jednorázově aplikována vysoká dávka záření (řádově desítky Gy). V extrakraniálních lokalizacích se ukazuje jako výhodnější použití několika málo frakcí (2–5), a proto se pojem radiochirurgie ukazuje jako nepříliš vhodný. V anglicky psané literatuře je pojem SBRT (Stereoactic body radiotherapy) stále častěji nahrazován termínem stereotaktická ablativní radioterapie (Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy – SABR), který velmi dobře popisuje pravou podstatu této metody.

Benign and malignant tumours of the spine and spinal cord are frequent findings and cause major morbidity (pain and neurological deficit) which significantly impairs the quality of life. The incidence of metastatic skeletal disease is approximately 6,500 new cases per year in the Czech Republic and, given a longer survival rate than that observed in the case of visceral metastases, it poses a major health problem. The treatment for spinal tumours usually requires a multidisciplinary approach. In some cases, a complete removal is possible whereas sometimes decompression is all that can be done. Conventional external radiotherapy is commonly limited by the tolerance dose of the spinal cord, which may result in inadequate local control. Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) using the CyberKnife system is distinguished from external fractionated radiotherapy by the use of multiple convergent fields which allow delivery of a high dose of radiation to the target volume while sparing the surrounding structures. Intracranial SRS has been used for a relatively long time with a single high dose of radiation being delivered (in the order of tens of Gy). In extracranial sites, the use of a few fractions (2–5) has been shown as more convenient which is why the term radiosurgery has proved as not quite adequate. In the English literature, the term SBRT (Stereotactic body radiotherapy) is being increasingly replaced by the term Stereotactic Ablative Body Radiotherapy (SABR) which accurately reflects the true nature of this method.

• Keywords
• spinální nádory, SBRT,
• MeSH
• Radiotherapy Dosage MeSH
• Radiation Dosage MeSH
• Equipment Design instrumentation   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Spinal Cord Neoplasms radiotherapy   MeSH
• Spinal Neoplasms radiotherapy   MeSH
• Radiosurgery methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Radiotherapy, Computer-Assisted MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Color MeSH
• Technology, Dental MeSH
• Equipment Design methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Esthetics, Dental MeSH
• Acid Etching, Dental MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Matrix Bands utilization   MeSH
• Dental Cavity Preparation methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Tooth Preparation methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Dental Restoration, Permanent methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Dental Caries therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH