Scientific evidence regularly guides policy decisions1, with behavioural science increasingly part of this process2. In April 2020, an influential paper3 proposed 19 policy recommendations ('claims') detailing how evidence from behavioural science could contribute to efforts to reduce impacts and end the COVID-19 pandemic. Here we assess 747 pandemic-related research articles that empirically investigated those claims. We report the scale of evidence and whether evidence supports them to indicate applicability for policymaking. Two independent teams, involving 72 reviewers, found evidence for 18 of 19 claims, with both teams finding evidence supporting 16 (89%) of those 18 claims. The strongest evidence supported claims that anticipated culture, polarization and misinformation would be associated with policy effectiveness. Claims suggesting trusted leaders and positive social norms increased adherence to behavioural interventions also had strong empirical support, as did appealing to social consensus or bipartisan agreement. Targeted language in messaging yielded mixed effects and there were no effects for highlighting individual benefits or protecting others. No available evidence existed to assess any distinct differences in effects between using the terms 'physical distancing' and 'social distancing'. Analysis of 463 papers containing data showed generally large samples; 418 involved human participants with a mean of 16,848 (median of 1,699). That statistical power underscored improved suitability of behavioural science research for informing policy decisions. Furthermore, by implementing a standardized approach to evidence selection and synthesis, we amplify broader implications for advancing scientific evidence in policy formulation and prioritization.
- MeSH
- behaviorální vědy * metody trendy MeSH
- COVID-19 * epidemiologie etnologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- komunikace MeSH
- kultura MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pandemie * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- sociální normy MeSH
- veřejné zdravotnictví metody trendy MeSH
- vůdcovství MeSH
- vytváření politiky * MeSH
- zdravotní politika * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To promote evidence-based practices related to the prevention of adverse events associated with medication administration (only chemotherapy) in a hospital service. INTRODUCTION: The medication management process in a hospital setting is highly complex, going through multiple stages from drug selection, procurement and storage, to prescription, validation, dispensing, preparation, administration and monitoring. METHODS: An evidence implementation project based on an audit and feedback approach was conducted from December 2019 to April 2021 using the JBI Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice. RESULTS: The results of the baseline audit showed that the 10 audit criteria were mostly met; however, two of the criteria (criterion 6: the expiry date of medication is checked before use and criterion 7: the nurse who prepares the medication administers the medication to the patient) had low compliance (respectively, 0 and 67.9%). After identifying the barriers and implementing strategies to deal with the identified barriers, we verified a significant improvement in compliance with best practices (criterion 6 improved to 64.3% and criterion 7 to 78.6%). CONCLUSION: This implementation project was a success, achieving a great improvement of the implementation of evidence-based guidelines concerning the prevention of adverse events associated with medication administration in a hospital in central Portugal. More such projects should be planned to sustain the implementation of evidence-based methods to improve health outcomes, patient safety, costs and health systems.
- MeSH
- bezpečnost pacientů MeSH
- dodržování směrnic * MeSH
- hematologie * MeSH
- hospitalizace MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: This project aimed to set up a control mechanism for the prevention of pressure injuries during surgery. INTRODUCTION: Structured and comprehensive risk assessment is effective in identifying individuals at risk for pressure injuries. The subsequent use of proper positioning aids (modern gel-filled positioning aids used to position the head and limbs: floating limb concept) reduces the incidence of surgery-related pressure injuries. METHODS: The best practice implementation project used the JBI's Practical Application of Clinical Evidence System and Getting Research into Practice audit tool for promoting change in local healthcare practice. The study was carried out from January 2020 to February 2021 at the private clinic of aesthetic surgery (Brno, Czech Republic). A baseline audit involving 27 patients was undertaken and measured against six best practice recommendations. This step was followed by the implementation of targeted strategies and finally, a postimplementation follow-up audit was conducted. RESULTS: The baseline audit results showed significant deficits between current practice and best practice in all but two criteria. Barriers to implementation of nursing clinical handover best practice criteria were identified by the project team and an education strategy was implemented, documentation for recording possible risks of pressure injuries was created, and new positioning aids were purchased and introduced into clinical practice. There were significantly improved outcomes across all best practice criteria in the follow-up audit. CONCLUSION: Clinical audits were proved to promote best practice in healthcare. Focused education, provision, and use of relevant tools and aids can have an immediate and positive impact on clinical practice. Future audits are planned to ensure the sustainability of practice changes.
- MeSH
- dodržování směrnic MeSH
- dokumentace MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předání pacienta do jiné péče * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Consensus on evidence-based practice (EBP) competencies and associated learning outcomes for registered nurses has not yet been achieved in the European context. AIMS: To establish a set of core EBP competencies for nurses and the most important EBP learning outcomes encompassing attitudes, knowledge, and skills dimensions for implementation into nursing education in European countries. METHODS: A multi-phase modified Delphi survey was conducted: Phase 1, a literature review; Phase 2, a two-round consensus of experts; and Phase 3, a Delphi survey. Experts from six European countries participated. RESULTS: In Phase 1, 88 records were selected and 835 statements extracted, which were grouped according to the seven steps of EBP. After removing 157 duplicates, the remaining competencies (n = 678) were evaluated in Phase 2. Then, a two-round expert consensus was reached, with 24 competencies and 120 learning outcomes identified and divided into affective, cognitive, and skills domains. In Phase 3, based on a Delphi survey expert consensus, all evaluated statements were included in a final set of competencies and learning outcomes. Only two learning outcomes were recommended for allocation to a different domain, and four were reformulated as suggested, with no further changes to the others. LINKING EVIDENCE TO ACTION: The set of EBP competencies and learning outcomes can guide nurse educators, managers, and EBP stakeholders in the development of content that incorporates EBP knowledge, skills, and attitudes into educational programs. Prioritizing the EBP competencies and learning outcomes that are most necessary and adapting them to every context will provide healthcare organizations with guidelines for enhancing the continuing education of nurses. These results could facilitate the development of effective tools for assessing nursing students' and nurses' perception of competencies required for EBP processes.
- MeSH
- delfská metoda MeSH
- klinické kompetence normy MeSH
- konsensus MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- vyučování psychologie normy MeSH
- zdravotní sestry psychologie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum metody trendy MeSH
- diabetes mellitus MeSH
- hodnocení léčiv metody trendy využití MeSH
- klinické zkoušky jako téma * metody organizace a řízení využití MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech metody trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ověření koncepční studie MeSH
- pragmatické klinické studie jako téma * klasifikace metody využití MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma * metody využití MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Health evidence network synthesis report, ISSN 2227-4316 54
ix, 51 stran : ilustrace
- MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech metody MeSH
- rozhodování MeSH
- výměna zdravotnických informací MeSH
- zdravotní politika * MeSH
- zdravotnické informační systémy MeSH
- Konspekt
- Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
- NLK Obory
- veřejné zdravotnictví
- NLK Publikační typ
- publikace WHO
- MeSH
- biomedicínský výzkum * metody trendy MeSH
- hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče * metody využití MeSH
- klinická logopedie MeSH
- klinický audit metody využití MeSH
- klinický obraz nemoci MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech * metody organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odborná praxe organizace a řízení trendy MeSH
- randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
- zdravotnické informační systémy trendy využití MeSH
- znalostní báze MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
CONTEXT: There is need for tools to help detect pain or lack of comfort in persons unable to communicate. However, pain and (dis)comfort tools have not been compared, and it is unclear to what extent they discriminate between pain and other possible sources of discomfort, or even if items differ. OBJECTIVES: To map and compare items in tools that assess pain and the broader notion of discomfort or comfort in people with severe dementia or at the end of life. METHODS: Using qualitative content analysis with six classifications, we categorized each item of four thoroughly tested observational pain tools (Pain Assessment in Advanced Dementia [PAINAD], Pain Assessment Checklist for Seniors with Limited Ability to Communicate [PACSLAC], Doloplus-2, and draft Pain Assessment in Impaired Cognition [PAIC]), and four discomfort tools (including distress, comfort, and quality of life in severe dementia or at the end of life; Discomfort Scale-Dementia Alzheimer Type [DS-DAT], Disability Distress Assessment Tool [DisDAT], End-of-Life in Dementia-Comfort Assessment in Dying with Dementia [EOLD-CAD], and Quality of Life in Late-Stage Dementia [QUALID] scale). We calculated median proportions to compare distributions of categories of pain and discomfort tools. RESULTS: We found that, despite variable content across tools, items from pain and discomfort tools overlapped considerably. For example, positive elements such as smiling and spiritual items were more often included in discomfort tools but were not unique to these. Pain tools comprised more "mostly descriptive" (median 0.63 vs. 0.44) and fewer "highly subjective" items (0.06 vs. 0.18); some used time inconsistently, mixing present and past observations. CONCLUSION: This analysis may inform a more rigorous theoretical underpinning and (re)development of pain and discomfort tools and calls for empirical testing of a broad item pool for sensitivity and specificity in detecting and discriminating pain from other sources of discomfort.
- MeSH
- bolest diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- demence diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- měření bolesti * MeSH
- paliativní péče metody MeSH
- určení symptomu metody MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Účel přehledu: Pískoty se v časném dětství vyskytují často, ovšem pouze u některých dětí přetrvávají i v pozdější fázi dětství, a proto je diagnostika a léčba dětských pacientů s pískoty obtížná. Tento přehledový článek pokrývá nejnovější poznatky týkající se epidemiologie, diagnostiky, vyšetřování a léčby astmatu u předškolních dětí. Nové poznatky: Ke klíčovým charakteristikám fenotypu predikujícího výskyt dětského astmatu patří mužské pohlaví, anamnéza pískotů při infekcích dolních cest dýchacích, anamnéza astmatu u rodiče, anamnéza atopické dermatitidy, eozinofilie, časná senzibilizace vůči potravinovým či vzdušným alergenům a dysfunkce plic v prvních týdnech života. Populace předškolních dětí trpících astmatem bývá charakterizována sklonem k častým exacerbacím, ovšem s poměrně mírným postižením. Diagnostika astmatu u předškoláků se nezřídka opírá o vzorec výskytu příznaků, přítomnost rizikových faktorů a odpověď na podávání léčiv. Léčba astmatu zahrnuje intermitentní a každodenní inhalaci kortikosteroidů, každodenní podávání antagonistů leukotrienových receptorů a ve vzácných případech kombinované terapie. Souhrn: Diagnostika astmatu u předškoláků je založena na posouzení vzorců výskytu příznaků a na přítomnosti rizikových faktorů, přičemž cílů léčby astmatu dosahujeme ve spolupráci rodiny pacienta s týmem zdravotníků, s využitím pravidelného hodnocení kontroly nad příznaky a odpovědi na každodenní udržovací léčbu.
- MeSH
- antagonisté leukotrienů * terapeutické užití MeSH
- atopická dermatitida * diagnóza farmakoterapie komplikace MeSH
- bronchiální astma * diagnóza etiologie farmakoterapie MeSH
- hormony kůry nadledvin * terapeutické užití MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lékařská praxe založená na důkazech * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH