Highly toxic organophosphorus compounds (OPs) were originally developed for warfare or as agricultural pesticides. Today, OPs represent a serious threat to military personnel and civilians. This study investigates the in vivo decontamination of male Wistar rats percutaneously exposed to paraoxon and two potent nerve agents--soman (GD) and VX. Four commercial detergents were tested as decontaminants--Neodekont(TM), Argos(TM), Dermogel(TM), and FloraFree(TM). Decontamination performed 2 min after exposure resulted in a higher survival rate in comparison with non-decontaminated controls. The decontamination effectiveness was expressed as protective ratio (PR, median lethal dose of agent in decontaminated animals divided by the median lethal dose of agent in untreated animals). The highest decontamination effectiveness was consistently achieved with Argos(TM) (PR=2.3 to 64.8), followed by Dermogel(TM) (PR=2.4 to 46.1). Neodekont(TM) and FloraFree(TM) provided the lowest decontamination effectiveness, equivalent to distilled water (PR=1.0 to 43.2).
- MeSH
- Administration, Cutaneous MeSH
- Chemical Warfare Agents toxicity MeSH
- Decontamination methods MeSH
- Detergents administration & dosage MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Lethal Dose 50 MeSH
- Survival Rate MeSH
- Protective Agents administration & dosage MeSH
- Organothiophosphorus Compounds toxicity MeSH
- Paraoxon toxicity MeSH
- Pesticides toxicity MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Soman toxicity MeSH
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Animals MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
Cytochrome-c oxidase (COX) activity of the rat heart was two- to sevenfold activated when the membrane integrity was disrupted by hypotonic swelling, freezing-thawing, or a detergent, indicating that a large portion of COX capacity in intact mitochondria is not active. The effect of detergent was tested in heart mitochondria isolated from 1-, 5-, 15-, 29-, and 60-d-old rats; activation by detergent was up to 20-fold in 1-d-old animals, whereas in mitochondria from 60-d-old rats it was only 7-fold. Our data indicate that the rat heart exhibits significant developmental changes dependent on downregulation of COX activity in the neonatal period.
- MeSH
- Enzyme Activation radiation effects MeSH
- Detergents administration & dosage MeSH
- Down-Regulation radiation effects MeSH
- Financing, Organized MeSH
- Rats MeSH
- Cells, Cultured MeSH
- Myocardium enzymology MeSH
- Animals, Newborn MeSH
- Rats, Wistar MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic physiology drug effects MeSH
- Electron Transport Complex IV metabolism MeSH
- Heart drug effects MeSH
- Mitochondria, Heart enzymology drug effects MeSH
- Aging metabolism drug effects MeSH
- Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental physiology drug effects MeSH
- Check Tag
- Rats MeSH
- Male MeSH
- MeSH
- Hypersensitivity MeSH
- Detergents administration & dosage adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Skin Tests methods MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Surface-Active Agents administration & dosage adverse effects MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Check Tag
- Adult MeSH
- Middle Aged MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Male MeSH
- Aged MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Keywords
- Orthosany,
- MeSH
- Chemistry, Analytic MeSH
- Detergents * administration & dosage isolation & purification classification MeSH
- Disinfectants * administration & dosage adverse effects toxicity MeSH
- Evaluation Studies as Topic MeSH
- Clinical Laboratory Techniques methods utilization MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Statistics as Topic MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
