We conducted an exploratory analysis to compare running kinematics of 16 male recreational runners wearing Nike Vaporfly 4% (VP4), Saucony Endorphin racing flat (FLAT), and their habitual (OWN) footwear. We also explored potential relationships between kinematic and physiological changes. Runners (age: 33 ± 12 y, V ̇ O2peak: 55.2 ± 4.3 ml · kg-1·min-1) attended 3 sessions after completing an V ̇ O2peak test in which sagittal plane 3D kinematics at submaximal running speeds (60%, 70% and 80% ʋ V ̇ O2peak) were collected alongside economy measures. Kinematics were compared using notched boxplots, and between-shoe kinematic differences were plotted against between-shoe economy differences. Across intensities, VP4 involved longer flight times (6.7 to 10.0 ms) and lower stance hip range of motion (~3°), and greater vertical pelvis displacement than FLAT (~0.4 cm). Peak dorsiflexion angles (~2°), ankle range of motion (1.0° to 3.9°), and plantarflexion velocities (11.3 to 89.0 deg · sec-1) were greatest in FLAT and lowest in VP4. Foot-ground angles were smaller in FLAT (2.5° to 3.6°). Select kinematic variables were moderately related to economy, with higher step frequencies and shorter step lengths in VP4 and FLAT associated with improved economy versus OWN. Footwear changes from OWN altered running kinematics. The most pronounced differences were observed in ankle, spatiotemporal, and foot-ground angle variables.

• MeSH
• běh * fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie   MeSH
• obuv * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

BACKGROUND: Ankle Kinesio-taping (KT) is being globally used an intervention to provide the ankle joint complex with sufficient support against sudden excessive mechanical stress during various activities. However, its effects on proximal joints are unclear. This study investigated the impact of ankle KT on ankle-knee joint coupling in sagittal, frontal and transverse planes. METHODS: Adopting a pretest post-test study design, 30 collegiate athletes with chronic ankle instability performed 3 single-leg drop landings in each non-taped and Kinesio-taped conditions and their movement kinematics were recorded using 6 optoelectronic cameras. RESULTS: The ankle angular velocities in sagittal (P=0.038, d=0.64) and transverse planes (P=0.001, d=0.95) decreased after KT application, while the knee internal rotation velocities increased (P=0.020, d=0.51). The coupling angles revealed that the ankle movement ratios significantly decreased in 3 planes in comparison with knee movement ratios. CONCLUSIONS: Outcomes of this study illustrated that application of ankle KT leaves the individuals with a stiffer ankle joint, which increases the mechanical stresses to this joint and decreases its stiffness in absorbing the applied shocks. Further, ankle KT application resulted in more knee internal rotation moments and may increase the risk of knee injuries during landing after a long-term usage in patients with instability ankle sprain.

• MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• kolenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nestabilita kloubu prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• poranění kolena etiologie   MeSH
• poranění kotníku prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• rotace škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• tejpovací páska škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study focuses on the drop foot case related to hyperthyroidism of the ankle joint resulting in the relaxation of the toes during walking. This condition requires treatment using an ankle-foot orthosis. Traditional orthosis techniques lack precision and depend on the skill of the fabricator. This research aims to make a bias in ankle-foot orthosis design and analysis methods, where a complete methodology of numerical design and testing has been proposed using advanced engineering software. A numerical model of the patient's foot was generated and used to design an ankle-foot orthosis model using SolidWorks. The designed model was mechanically analyzed by the finite element method using ANSYS Workbench 16.1 under different static and dynamic loading conditions. The ankle-foot orthosis model was numerically designed and analyzed before the manufacturing process. This is believed to reduce time and material loss and foster the use of numerical models in biomedical applications. This study suggests focusing on the design and analysis of orthoses according to the patient's measurements. This is expected to increase the comfort and raise the level of treatment. Numerical design methods also enable precise manufacturing using computerized devices such as three-dimensional printers.

• MeSH
• analýza metodou konečných prvků MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• design s pomocí počítače MeSH
• design vybavení metody   MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologické poruchy chůze * etiologie   patofyziologie   terapie   MeSH
• ortézy nohy (od hlezna dolů) * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The seventh edition of this volume deals with the lower limb and has been expanded with the inclusion of new diagrams and topics. This book is intended for medical and physical therapy students; and for practising physicians and surgeons wishing to increase their knowledge of the functional anatomy of the locomotor system. Nakladatelská anotace. Kráceno.

• MeSH
• dolní končetina fyziologie   MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• klouby fyziologie   MeSH
• koleno fyziologie   MeSH
• kotník fyziologie   MeSH
• kyčel fyziologie   MeSH
• muskuloskeletální systém - fyziologické jevy MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) fyziologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• atlasy MeSH
• učebnice MeSH

• Konspekt
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• fyziologie

OBJECTIVES: The aims of the study were to assess the kinematics of the lower limbs and pelvis during normal walking in professional ballet dancers and to investigate relationships between movements of segments of the lower limbs and pelvis. METHODS: Thirty one professional ballet dancers and twenty eight controls completed five walking trials at their preferred speed. Kinematic data in the basic anatomical planes for ankle, knee, and hip joints as well as for the pelvis were collected with an optoelectronic motion system. RESULTS: The female ballet dancers had in comparison with the controls significantly larger (p < 0.01) knee flexion in the swing phase and hip abduction in the preswing phase. Compared to the control group, the male ballet dancers had significantly larger dorsiflexion in the final stance and the total pelvic tilt range of motion. The number of significant correlations between kinematic parameters was higher in the female ballet dancers. CONCLUSIONS: It can be concluded that specific movement techniques and compensatory strategies used in ballet dance can alter relationships between movements of segments of the lower limbs during normal walking. The relationships between movements in the joints of the lower limbs and pelvis are stronger in women.

• MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• koleno fyziologie   MeSH
• kyčelní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů fyziologie   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• tanec * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Background: Over the past thirty years, there has been dramatic increase in incidence of Achilles tendon rupture in the athletic population. The purpose of this study was to compare the lower extremity mechanics of Achilles tendon ruptured runners with healthy controls. Methods: The participants with a past history of an Achilles tendon repair (n = 11) and healthy control (n = 11) subgroups were matched on sex, age, type of regular physical activity, mass, height, footfall pattern and lateral dominancy. Running kinetics and kinematics of the ankle, knee and hip were recorded using a high-speed motion capture system interfaced with a force platform. Achilles tendon length was measured using ultrasonography. Main outcome measures were lower extremity joint angles and moments during stance phase of running and Achilles tendon lengths. Results: Athletes from Achilles tendon group had an affected gastro-soleus complex. Athletes with history of Achilles tendon rupture had reduced ankle range of motion during second half of the stance phase of running (Δ7.6°), an overextended knee during initial contact (Δ5.2°) and increased affected knee range of motion (Δ4.4°) during the first half of stance phase on their affected limb compared to the healthy control group. There was a 22% increase in the maximal hip joint moment on contralateral side of the Achilles tendon group compared to the healthy controls. Conclusion: These results suggest a compensation mechanism, relatively extended knee at initial ground contact against the deficit in the muscle-tendon complex of the triceps surae. Overextension during sporting activities may place the knee at risk for further injury. Avoidance of AT lengthening and plantarflexion strength deficit after surgery and during rehabilitation might help to manage AT rupture since these factors may be responsible for altered running kinematics.

• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha diagnostické zobrazování   zranění   patofyziologie   MeSH
• běh fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• hodnocení výsledků zdravotní péče MeSH
• incidence MeSH
• kolenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly patofyziologie   MeSH
• kyčelní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění šlachy komplikace   epidemiologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů fyziologie   MeSH
• ruptura patofyziologie   chirurgie   MeSH
• sportovci statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• ultrasonografie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

We test whether locomotor posture is associated with body mass and lower limb length in humans and explore how body size and posture affect net joint moments during walking. We acquired gait data for 24 females and 25 males using a three-dimensional motion capture system and pressure-measuring insoles. We employed the general linear model and commonality analysis to assess the independent effect of body mass and lower limb length on flexion angles at the hip, knee, and ankle while controlling for sex and velocity. In addition, we used inverse dynamics to model the effect of size and posture on net joint moments. At early stance, body mass has a negative effect on knee flexion (p < 0.01), whereas lower limb length has a negative effect on hip flexion (p < 0.05). Body mass uniquely explains 15.8% of the variance in knee flexion, whereas lower limb length uniquely explains 5.4% of the variance in hip flexion. Both of the detected relationships between body size and posture are consistent with the moment moderating postural adjustments predicted by our model. At late stance, no significant relationship between body size and posture was detected. Humans of greater body size reduce the flexion of the hip and knee at early stance, which results in the moderation of net moments at these joints.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• biologické modely MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• chůze fyziologie   MeSH
• dolní končetina fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• kolenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• koleno fyziologie   MeSH
• kotník fyziologie   MeSH
• kyčelní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• postura těla fyziologie   MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů fyziologie   MeSH
• velikost těla fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• deformity nohy (od hlezna dolů) patofyziologie   patologie   rehabilitace   MeSH
• hlezenní kloub * anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly fyziologie   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• kosti nohy (od hlezna dolů) anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ligamenta anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• obnova funkce MeSH
• plochá noha komplikace   patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• poranění nohy (od hlezna dolů) * komplikace   rehabilitace   terapie   MeSH
• rehabilitace * metody   trendy   MeSH
• šlachy anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• terapie cvičením metody   využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Cílem výzkumu je posoudit vliv vybraných indexů a úhlových parametrů nohy na pohyb v hlezenním, kolenním, kyčelním kloubu a pánve během chůzového cyklu. Výzkumný soubor tvořilo 27 mužů ve věku 24,1 ? 2,2 let, výškou 181 ? 6 cm a hmotností 78 ? 9 kg. Vybrané indexy a úhlové parametry nohy jsme získali zpracováním otisků bosého chodidla u každého z probandů. Kinematické parametry chůze jsme sledovali pomocí optoelektronického systému Vicon MX. Zaznamenali jsme vliv indexu nohy na pohyb ve všech kloubech dolní končetiny, statisticky významné byly rozdíly v hodnotách maxima flexe a extenze kyčelního kloubu v sagitální rovině během chůzového cyklu. Zjistili jsme, že úhel nohy a úhel paty nemají vliv u zdravých osob na pohyb kloubů dolní končetiny a pánve. Úhel palce ovlivňuje hodnoty maxima plantární flexe v hlezenním kloubu ve fázi postupného zatěžování.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the influence of selected indexes and angle parameters of the foot on kinematic changes of the ankle, knee, hip and pelvis during the gait cycle. The research group consisted of 27 male with an average age of 24.1. Selected indexes and foot angular parameters were obtained by processing four imprints of the bare foot in each of the subject. The Vicon MX system was used for kinematic analysis of the gait. We have noted the influence of foot indexes on kinematic parameters in all joints of the lower extremity. Statistically significant differences were found in maximum flexion and extension of the hip in the sagittal plane during the gait cycle. We found that the foot angle and heel angle do not affect the kinematic parameters of the lower extremity and pelvis. Big toe angle affects the peak of ankle plantar flexion during loading response.

• Klíčová slova
• chůzový cyklus, kinematická 3D analýza, plantografie,
• MeSH
• biomechanika * MeSH
• chůze (způsob) * fyziologie   MeSH
• deformity nohy (od hlezna dolů) MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• kolenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• kyčelní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) * anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• pánev fyziologie   MeSH
• plochá noha patofyziologie   MeSH
• pronace MeSH
• rozsah kloubních pohybů * fyziologie   MeSH
• supinace MeSH
• zatížení muskuloskeletálního systému MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This study represented a unique opportunity to understand changes in the human motion biomechanics during basic locomotion within a time interval of 4 years, when the monitored individual regained his original aerobic fitness, running performance and body mass index as prior to the injury. The participant visited the laboratory a month prior to the injury and during 4 years after the surgery. The surgery, subsequent rehabilitation and a 4-year running training programme in the studied recreational athlete did not completely eliminate the consequences of the Achilles tendon rupture. The function muscle deficit is namely manifested by a lower net plantar flexion moment and a lower net-generated ankle joint power during the take-off in the stance phase. The greater dorsal flexion in the affected ankle joint at the first contact with the ground and consequently higher peaks of ground reaction forces during running are consequences of the longer Achilles tendon in the affected lower extremity and weakened calf muscles.

• MeSH
• Achillova šlacha zranění   chirurgie   MeSH
• běh zranění   fyziologie   MeSH
• biomechanika fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hlezenní kloub fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• ruptura MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH