Prístup k pitnej vode je jedným zo základných predpokladov života. Na to, aby toto mohlo byť zabezpečené je potrebné najskôr zdrojovú vodu upraviť chemickými, biologickými a fyzikálnymi postupmi. Napriek všetkým úpravám sa v pitnej vode vyskytujú rôzne druhy mikroorganizmov, pričom niektoré z nich môžu predstavovať zdravotné riziko pre človeka. Tento prehľadný článok sa zameriava najmä na výskyt améb v úpravniach vody a v pitnej vode a jej význam ako rezervoár netuberkulóznej mykobaktérie. Tieto mykobaktérie pritom môžu predstavovať vážne ohrozenie zdravia ľudí, nakoľko spôsobujú závažné ochorenia kože, dýchacieho systému, lymfatického systému a gastrointestinálneho traktu.
Unrestricted access to drinking water of good quality is one of the basic prerequisite of life. For this to be achieved it is necessary to treat the raw water through chemical, biological and physical methods. However, the water treatment is not exhaustive and some microorganisms are able to overcome it whereby posing a health risk. This review draws attention mainly to the occurrence of free living amoeba at different stages of water treatment and their importance as a reservoir of potentially pathogenic non-tuberculous mycobacteria. Mycobacteria may present a severe threat to human health considering they cause serious infections to the skin, as well as of the respiratory and gastrointestinal systems.
- MeSH
- Amoeba * izolace a purifikace mikrobiologie patogenita MeSH
- čištění vody * metody normy MeSH
- gastrointestinální nemoci mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- kožní nemoci prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfatický systém mikrobiologie patologie MeSH
- nemoci dýchací soustavy mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- netuberkulózní mykobakterie izolace a purifikace patogenita růst a vývoj MeSH
- pitná voda * chemie normy škodlivé účinky MeSH
- statistika jako téma MeSH
- syndromy imunologické nedostatečnosti mikrobiologie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
The development of antimicrobial agents represents an up-to-date topic. This study investigated in vitro antimycobacterial activity, mycobacterial isocitrate lyase inhibition and cytotoxicity of salicylanilide pyrazinoates. They may be considered being mutual prodrugs of both antimycobacterial active salicylanilides and pyrazinoic acid (POA), an active metabolite of pyrazinamide, in which these esters are likely hydrolysed without presence of pyrazinamidase/nicotinamidase. Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of the esters were within the range 0.5-8 μmol/l for Mycobacterium tuberculosis and 1-32 μmol/l for nontuberculous mycobacteria (Mycobacterium avium, Mycobacterium kansasii). All esters showed a weak inhibition (8-17%) of isocitrate lyase at the concentration of 10 μmol/l. The most active pyrazinoates showed MICs for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis strains in the range of 0.125-2 μmol/l and no cross-resistance with clinically used drugs, thus being the most in vitro efficacious salicylanilide esters with 4-chloro-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}phenyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate superiority (MICs⩽0.25 μmol/l). This promising activity is likely due to an additive or synergistic effect of released POA and salicylanilides. Selectivity indexes for the most active salicylanilide pyrazinoates ranged up to 64, making some derivatives being attractive candidates for the next research; 4-bromo-2-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]carbamoyl}phenyl pyrazine-2-carboxylate showed the most convenient toxicity profile.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- isocitrátlyasa antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- Mycobacterium tuberculosis účinky léků genetika MeSH
- netuberkulózní mykobakterie účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- pyrazinamid analogy a deriváty farmakologie MeSH
- salicylanilidy farmakologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) are ubiquitous, potentially pathogenic organisms that have been isolated from a variety of environmental sources. NTM have been isolated from various kinds of food and many studies support the hypothesis that food, especially raw or partially cooked products, plays a role as a source of NTM for humans. Animals with disseminated infection have been diagnosed with NTM not only in the gastro-intestinal tract and intestinal lymph nodes, but also in tissues like muscle and parenchymatous organs. Infected animals may harbor NTM in their tissues even without clinical symptoms and especially minced meat with the possible addition of lymph nodes are considered as potential source of NTM. The purpose of this paper was to review articles concerning the detection of mycobacteria in the muscle tissue and lymph nodes of domestic animals, farmed and free-living game and to summarize methods and techniques for their detection.
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata mikrobiologie MeSH
- hospodářská zvířata mikrobiologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly mikrobiologie MeSH
- lymfatické uzliny mikrobiologie MeSH
- masné výrobky mikrobiologie MeSH
- Mycobacterium avium růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- netuberkulózní mykobakterie růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
