Problematic internet use (PIU) has adverse effects on adolescent health. Parenting may play an important role in the prevention of this condition, but the associations between PIU and parental behavior are unknown. This meta-analysis examined the associations between adolescent PIU and general and media-specific parenting. Studies were obtained using searches in scientific databases and using references identified from bibliographies. Searches covered English written journal articles, master's theses, and doctoral dissertations from the year each database started until April 2022. Studies were included if they (a) measured PIU, (b) measured parenting, (c) used data obtained from children or adolescents, and (d) reported a valid analysis. Two coders decided whether each study met the required criteria. Data were pooled using a random effects model. We found weak negative associations between PIU and general parenting, namely, warmth (r = -0.17, [-0.13, -0.20], k = 24; N = 58401), control (r = -0.10, [-0.01, -0.18], k = 10, N = 12199), and authoritative parenting (r = -0.12, [-0.02, -0.21], k = 8, N = 5431), but the associations between PIU and media-specific parenting, namely, active mediation (r = -0.02, [-0.07, 0.02], k = 11, N = 30545) and restrictive mediation (r = 0.01, [-0.10, 0.11], k = 16, N = 36997), were non-significant. In older adolescents, the association between restrictive mediation and PIU was significant but positive. Media parenting has only weak association with PIU and thus restrictions should be used cautiously, especially in older adolescents. Additional prospective studies on parenting and specific PIU activities are needed.

• MeSH
• chování mladistvých * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• internet MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• návykové chování * epidemiologie   MeSH
• používání internetu MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• rodičovství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Research conducted in North America suggests that students tend to overestimate tobacco use among their peers. This perceived norm may impact personal tobacco use. It remains unclear how these perceptions influence tobacco use among European students. The two aims were to investigate possible self-other discrepancies regarding personal use and attitudes towards use and to evaluate if perceptions of peer use and peer approval of use are associated with personal use and approval of tobacco use. METHODS: The EU-funded 'Social Norms Intervention for the prevention of Polydrug usE' study was conducted in Belgium, Denmark, Germany, Slovak Republic, Spain, Turkey and United Kingdom. In total, 4482 students (71% female) answered an online survey including questions on personal and perceived tobacco use and personal and perceived attitudes towards tobacco use. RESULTS: Across all countries, the majority of students perceived tobacco use of their peers to be higher than their own use. The perception that the majority (>50%) of peers used tobacco regularly in the past two months was significantly associated with higher odds for personal regular use (OR: 2.66, 95% CI: 1.90-3.73). The perception that the majority of peers approve of tobacco use was significantly associated with higher odds for personal approval of tobacco use (OR: 6.49, 95% CI: 4.54-9.28). CONCLUSIONS: Perceived norms are an important predictor of personal tobacco use and attitudes towards use. Interventions addressing perceived norms may be a viable method to change attitudes and tobacco use among European students, and may be a component of future tobacco control policy.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sociální normy * MeSH
• sociální percepce * MeSH
• studenti psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studie proveditelnosti MeSH
• univerzity MeSH
• užívání tabáku epidemiologie   MeSH
• vyrovnaná skupina * MeSH
• zdravotnické přehledy statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

AIM: To study the effect of a universal prevention intervention targeting cannabis use in individual children with different risk profiles. METHODS: A school-based randomized controlled prevention trial was conducted over a period of 33 months (n=1874 sixth-graders, baseline mean age 11.82). We used a two-level random intercept logistic model for panel data to predict the probabilities of cannabis use for each child. Specifically, we used eight risk/protective factors to characterize each child and then predicted two probabilities of cannabis use for each child if the child had the intervention or not. Using the two probabilities, we calculated the absolute and relative effect of the intervention for each child. According to the two probabilities, we also divided the sample into a low-risk group (the quarter of the children with the lowest probabilities), a moderate-risk group, and a high-risk group (the quarter of the children with the highest probabilities) and showed the average effect of the intervention on these groups. RESULTS: The differences between the intervention group and the control group were statistically significant in each risk group. The average predicted probabilities of cannabis use for a child from the low-risk group were 4.3% if the child had the intervention and 6.53% if no intervention was provided. The corresponding probabilities for a child from the moderate-risk group were 10.91% and 15.34% and for a child from the high-risk group 25.51% and 32.61%. School grades, thoughts of hurting oneself, and breaking the rules were the three most important factors distinguishing high-risk and low-risk children. CONCLUSIONS: We predicted the effect of the intervention on individual children, characterized by their risk/protective factors. The predicted absolute effect and relative effect of any intervention for any selected risk/protective profile of a given child may be utilized in both prevention practice and research.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• hodnocení programu statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kouření marihuany epidemiologie   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• riziko MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVE: To identify possible predictors of post-cessation weight gain in smoking abstainers. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A sample of 607 successful abstainers seen at the Centre for Tobacco-Dependent in Prague, Czech Republic, between 2005 and 2010, was included in this analysis. This sample was followed up for 1year and included 47.9% women (N=291) with the mean age of 48years (18-85). FINDINGS: Post-cessation weight gain occurred in 88.6% of the 607 abstainers. The mean weight gain after one year post-quit was 5.1kg (95% confidence interval 4.7-5.5kg). Baseline characteristics associated with increased weight gain included a higher baseline smoking rate (p<0.001), more severe cigarette dependence (p=0.003), less physical activity (p=0.008), and a report of increased appetite on the baseline assessment of withdrawal symptoms (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Smokers who are more dependent and have minimal physical activity are at increased risk for post-cessation weight gain. For these smokers, incorporating interventions targeting the weight issue into tobacco dependence treatment is recommended. Further research should be done to identify reasons for this important quitting complication.

• MeSH
• chuť k jídlu * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hmotnostní přírůstek * MeSH
• kohortové studie MeSH
• kouření terapie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odvykání kouření metody   MeSH
• pohybová aktivita MeSH
• poruchy vyvolané užíváním tabáku terapie   MeSH
• prostředky pro ukončení závislosti na tabáku MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• sedavý životní styl * MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• stupeň závažnosti nemoci MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

OBJECTIVES: Understanding the developmental pathways and sex differences in cigarette smoking behaviors in adolescents has the potential to positively impact substance abuse prevention and to reduce smoking-related health problems. Using data from the Unplugged school-based prevention trial, we investigated different patterns of smoking behavior development among secondary school students in the Czech Republic. METHODS: Growth mixture modeling was used to examine different trajectories in cigarette smoking behaviors among male and female students (N=1874 6th graders; 50.4% male, mean age 11.8 years at baseline) participating in the Unplugged school-based randomized control trial for substance use prevention. RESULTS: A two-class model characterized cigarette use as a function of sex and Unplugged intervention status. More rapid cigarette use increases were observed in females (OR=1.17, p=0.01 in both rapid/moderate and slow smoking escalator classes) as compared to males. Further, in both classes, more rapid increases in smoking were observed for the control group as compared to the intervention group (OR=1.22, p<0.01 slow escalators; OR=1.54, p=0.08 rapid/moderate escalators). There was no difference in sex distribution when comparing the two classes (OR=1.02, p=0.98). CONCLUSIONS: This study adds to a growing literature on developmental and sex differences in cigarette use among adolescents. This research supports additional multi-year prevention strategies aimed at adolescent females and early treatment programs for adolescent smokers to prevent increasing cigarette use with age.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• chování mladistvých MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kouření epidemiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• prospektivní studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• školy MeSH
• studenti MeSH
• zdraví - znalosti, postoje, praxe MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH