This paper investigates the effects of storage conditions on the stability of phenolics and their antioxidant activities in unique nutraceutical supplements containing non-traditional cereal flakes, edible flowers, fruits, nuts, and seeds. Significant total phenolic content (TPC) of 1170-2430 mg GAE/kg and total anthocyanin content (TAC) with the values of 322-663 mg C3G/kg were determined with the highest TPC content established in free phenolic fractions. The most notable declines in TPC (by 53%), TAC (by 62%), phenolics (e.g., glycosylated anthocyanins by 35-67%), and antioxidant activity (by 25% using DPPH) were established in the presence of sunlight at 23 °C followed by the storage at 40 °C. Quercetin, rutin, peonidin, pelargonidin, p-coumaric, ellagic, and p-hydroxybenzoic acids were identified as the least stable phenolics when exposed to sunlight. Furthermore, glycosylated forms of anthocyanins demonstrated a greater stability when compared with anthocyanidins. The mixtures considerably eliminated ABTS and DPPH radicals. In all samples, water-soluble substances showed a higher antioxidant activity than lipid-soluble substances with the main contributors in the following order: delphinidin-3-glucoside (r = +0.9839) > p-coumaric > gallic > sinapic > p-hydroxybenzoic acids > delphinidin > peonidin and malvidin (r = +0.6538). Gluten-free nutraceutical mixtures M3 (containing red rice and black quinoa flakes, red and blue cornflowers, blueberries, and barberries) and M4 (containing red and black rice flakes, rose, blue cornflower, blueberries, raspberries, and barberries) were evaluated as the least stable under all storage conditions although they showed considerable phenolic concentrations. Phenolic contents and antioxidant activity of the nutraceutical mixtures were the highest at 23 °C without the presence of sunlight with the most stable M1 nutraceutical mixture (containing oat and red wheat flakes, hibiscus, lavender, blueberries, raspberries, and barberries).

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The aim of this work is to determine the biological activity of ellagitannins rich extracts from leaves of raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) and wild strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) in relation to cells and cell membranes. Detailed qualitative and quantitative analysis of phenolic compounds of the extract was made using chromatographic methods. Cytotoxic and antioxidant activities of tested extracts in relation to erythrocytes and human vascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were determined by using fluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods. In order to establish the influence of the extracts on the physical properties of the membrane, such as osmotic resistance and erythrocytes shapes, mobility and/or hydration of polar heads and fluidity of hydrocarbon chains of membrane lipids, microscopic and spectroscopic methods were used. The results showed that the extracts are non-toxic for erythrocytes and HMEC-1 cells (up to concentration of 50 μg/mL), but they effectively protect cells and their membranes against oxidative damage. The increase in osmotic resistance of erythrocytes, formation of echinocytes and changes only in the polar part of the membrane caused by the extracts demonstrate their location mainly in the hydrophilic part of the membrane. The results indicate that tested extracts have high biological activities and may be potentially used in delaying the ageing process of organisms and prevention of many diseases, especially those associated with oxidative stress.

• MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• endoteliální buňky MeSH
• erytrocyty MeSH
• hydrolyzovatelné taniny MeSH
• jahodník * chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• membránové lipidy MeSH
• oxidační stres MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Rubus * chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Some vegetable oils are currently being promoted as a safe alternative to commercial sunscreens. The true UVB photoprotective efficacy of 14 virgin vegetable oils and the suitability of the dilution method for determining their SPF value were evaluated. Oils and standard sunscreens were investigated in vitro by the Mansur's method in Slovakia and in vivo by the ISO method in the Czech Republic. SPF values in vitro (0.1; 0.0; 0.4; 0.2 and 0.2) and in vivo (2.5; 1.2; 2.6; 2.6; and 2.8) of the five most promoted oils (from carrot seed, coconut, raspberry seed, rosehip seed, and wheat germ) were significantly lower than the values reported in the controversial studies. We have shown that the overestimated SPF values of these oils were determined by authors who did not strictly follow Mansur's original methodology. The other eight vegetable oils also provide no or negligible SPF values. Only the in vitro SPF value of 11.2 tamanu oil is worth mentioning, probably due to high proportion of calophyllolides. In vitro and in vivo SPF ratios from 1.14 to 0.94 obtained by two methods in two laboratories for six commercial sunscreen oils used as controls confirm the correctness of performing the Mansur's method in this study. However, this dilution method has proven to be fundamentally flawed in determining the SPF value of substances with such negligible photoprotection as most vegetable oils can provide. An SPF value of less than 1, which can be determined by this Mansur's method, is physiologically impossible and meaningless.

• MeSH
• benzimidazoly chemie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kůže účinky záření   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ochranný sluneční faktor MeSH
• oleje rostlin chemie   MeSH
• přípravky chránící proti slunci chemie   MeSH
• Rubus chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ultrafialové záření * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

We present a taxonomic proposal for revision of the family Secoviridae, a taxon of plant viruses in the order Picornavirales. We propose the reorganization of the genus Sadwavirus to create three new subgenera and to update the classification of five existing species. The proposed subgenera are "Satsumavirus" (one species: Satsuma dwarf virus), "Stramovirus" (two species: Strawberry mottle virus and Black raspberry necrosis virus) and "Cholivirus" (two species: Chocolate lily virus A and Dioscorea mosaic associated virus).

• MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• genom virový genetika   MeSH
• RNA virová genetika   MeSH
• RNA-viry genetika   MeSH
• Secoviridae klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background and Aims: Rubus subgenus Rubus is a group of mostly apomictic and polyploid species with a complicated taxonomy and history of ongoing hybridization. The only polyploid series with prevailing sexuality is the series Glandulosi , although the apomictic series Discolores and Radula also retain a high degree of sexuality, which is influenced by environmental conditions and/or pollen donors. The aim of this study is to detect sources of genetic variability, determine the origin of apomictic taxa and validate microsatellite markers by cloning and sequencing. Methods: A total of 206 individuals from two central European regions were genotyped for 11 nuclear microsatellite loci and the chloroplast trn L- trn F region. Microsatellite alleles were further sequenced in order to determine the exact repeat number and to detect size homoplasy due to insertions/deletions in flanking regions. Key Results: The results confirm that apomictic microspecies of ser. Radula are derived from crosses between sexual series Glandulosi and apomictic series Discolores , whereby the apomict acts as pollen donor. Each apomictic microspecies is derived from a single distinct genotype differing from the parental taxa, suggesting stabilized clonal reproduction. Intraspecific variation within apomicts is considerably low compared with sexual series Glandulosi , and reflects somatic mutation accumulation. While facultative apomicts produce clonal offspring, sexual species are the conduits of origin for new genetically different apomictic lineages. Conclusions: One of the main driving forces of evolution and speciation in the highly apomictic subgenus Rubus in central Europe is sexuality in the series Glandulosi . Palaeovegetation data suggest that initial hybridizations took place over different time periods in the two studied regions, and that the successful origin and spread of apomictic microspecies of the series Radula took place over several millennia. Additionally, the cloning and sequencing show that standard evaluations of microsatellite repeat numbers underestimate genetic variability considering homoplasy in allele size.

• MeSH
• apomixie * MeSH
• DNA chloroplastová genetika   MeSH
• hybridizace genetická * MeSH
• mikrosatelitní repetice * MeSH
• mutace INDEL MeSH
• polyploidie MeSH
• Rubus klasifikace   genetika   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• gemmoterapie, arónie,
• MeSH
• endokrinní žlázy * MeSH
• fytoterapie * metody   MeSH
• komplementární terapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Rhodiola MeSH
• Ribes MeSH
• Rubus MeSH
• Sorbus MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Cíl studie: Zhodnotit efekt jednotlivých metod, používaných v těhotenství jako prevence poranění hráze, na výskyt porodního poranění u primipar. Typ studie: Retrospektivní studie. Název a sídlo pracoviště: Nemocnice Český Krumlov, a.s. Metodika: V období od února 2014 do listopadu 2015 bylo 315 primipar s jednočetným těhotenstvím po vaginálním porodu pomocí dotazníku tázáno, zda v těhotenství používaly některou z metod prevence poranění perinea (vaginální dilatační balonky EPI-NO a Aniball, masáž hráze, přírodní metody – čaj z maliníku a lněné semínko). Efekt metod byl hodnocen podle výskytu intaktní hráze, ruptury perinea a epiziotomie v jednotlivých skupinách proti skupině kontrolní, která žádnou z těchto metod nepoužívala. Sledovali jsme též rozdíl ve výskytu spontánních a vaginálních operačních porodů v uvedených skupinách. Výsledky: Používání vaginálních dilatačních balonků (VDB) před porodem signifikantně zvýšilo počet žen, které porodily s intaktní hrází oproti kontrolní skupině (43,1 % vs. 14,1 %, (p < 0,001). Prokázali jsme zde i statisticky významné snížení počtu epiziotomií (29,3 % vs. 57,7 %, p < 0,001). U masáže hráze, čaje z maliníku ani lněného semínka nebyl prokázán statisticky významný efekt na prevenci poranění perinea. Prokázali jsme též snížení rizika operačního vaginálního porodu u žen užívajících VDB oproti kontrolní skupině (p = 0,02). Závěr: Používání vaginálního dilatačního balonku v těhotenství představuje pro rodičku jednoznačný benefit, pokud jde o poranění hráze při porodu. Snižuje též pravděpodobnost vaginálního operačního porodu.

Objective: To determine the effect of antepartal methods on the prevention of birth injuries in primiparous women. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Nemocnice Český Krumlov, a.s. Methods: Between February 2014 and November 2015 were 315 primiparous women questioned after a vaginal delivery on the use of methods of birth injury prevention (vaginal dilatators EPI-NO and Aniball, perineal massage, natural methods – raspberry-leaf tea or linseed). Consecutively, the rates of intact perineum, perineal tears and episiotomies among respective methods were compared with the control group using no preventive method. The effects of the methods were tested on the occurrence of spontaneous or vaginal operative delivery. Results: There was a significantly higher number of women with intact perineum after the use of vaginal dilatators (43.1% vs.14.1% in control group (p < 0.001). We also found a significant reduction of episiotomies in this group (29.3% vs. 57.7%, p < 0.001). There was no significant effect of perineal massage, raspberry-leaf tea or linseed on perineum injury prevention. A lower occurrence of vaginal operative delivery was also confirmed in the group of women using vaginal dilatators (p = 0.02). Conclusion: Significant benefit of the use of the antepartal vaginal dilatators in the reduction of birth injuries was shown as well as of the occurrence of vaginal operative delivery.

• Klíčová slova
• vaginální dilatační balonek,
• MeSH
• dilatace metody   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• epiziotomie * dějiny   klasifikace   metody   MeSH
• fytoterapie metody   MeSH
• interpretace statistických dat MeSH
• komplikace porodu MeSH
• len MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• masáž metody   MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• perineum zranění   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Rubus MeSH
• ruptura * prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Developing plant derived chemopreventive agents that can divert the carcinogenic process and inhibit tumour progression may greatly reduce serious health consequences of cancer. This study investigated the antiproliferative and apoptosis inducing ability of Rubus fairholmianus root acetone (RFRA) on MCF-7 cells. RFRA treatments showed an increase in the in vivo antioxidant levels such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione (GSH) in mice. The extract showed significant antitumour activity with 76.57% increase in life span of ascites tumour bearing mice and 1.94 cm3 reductions in solid tumour volume at 250 mg/kg. The cytotoxicity spectrum analysis indicated that RFRA is a potent cytocidal agent with varying levels of toxicity (IC50: 57.14–29.36 μg/ml). A significant dose dependent decrease in viability, proliferation and increase in cytotoxicity, caspase 3/7 activity were observed in MCF-7 cells. RFRA (20 μg/ml) induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells, which was observed by morphology; DNA ladder formation and increased apoptotic population in flow cytometry analysis. These findings strongly suggest the use of R. fairholmianus as natural antioxidant with profound antitumour activities. It can act as a potent cytotoxic agent, which is able to induce apoptosis in MCF-7 cells via caspase 3/7 upregulation.

• MeSH
• annexin A5 MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• apoptóza MeSH
• buněčná smrt účinky léků   MeSH
• cytotoxiny farmakologie   MeSH
• kaspasy MeSH
• kořeny rostlin MeSH
• MFC-7 buňky účinky léků   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie * účinky léků   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• protinádorové látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• Rubus * MeSH
• viabilita buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

Berries, especially members of several families, such as Rosaceae (strawberry, raspberry, blackberry), and Ericaceae (blueberry, cranberry), belong to the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds (BAC). They have delicious taste and flavor, have economic importance, and because of the antioxidant properties of BAC, they are of great interest also for nutritionists and food technologists due to the opportunity to use BAC as functional foods ingredients. The bioactive compounds in berries contain mainly phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and flavonols, and tannins) and ascorbic acid. These compounds, either individually or combined, are responsible for various health benefits of berries, such as prevention of inflammation disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or protective effects to lower the risk of various cancers. In this review bioactive compounds of commonly consumed berries are described, as well as the factors influencing their antioxidant capacity and their health benefits.

• MeSH
• anthokyaniny chemie   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   MeSH
• brusnice s jedlými plody chemie   MeSH
• Ericaceae chemie   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   MeSH
• jahodník chemie   MeSH
• kyselina askorbová chemie   MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• Rosaceae chemie   MeSH
• Rubus chemie   MeSH
• Vaccinium macrocarpon chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Fresh produce that is contaminated with viruses may lead to infection and viral gastroenteritis or hepatitis when consumed raw. It is thus important to reduce virus numbers on these foods. Prevention of virus contamination in fresh produce production and processing may be more effective than treatment, as sufficient virus removal or inactivation by post-harvest treatment requires high doses that may adversely affect food quality. To date knowledge of the contribution of various potential contamination routes is lacking. A risk assessment model was developed for human norovirus, hepatitis A virus and human adenovirus in raspberry and salad vegetable supply chains to quantify contributions of potential contamination sources to the contamination of produce at retail. These models were used to estimate public health risks. Model parameterization was based on monitoring data from European supply chains and literature data. No human pathogenic viruses were found in the soft fruit supply chains; human adenovirus (hAdV) was detected, which was additionally monitored as an indicator of fecal pollution to assess the contribution of potential contamination points. Estimated risks per serving of lettuce based on the models were 3×10(-4) (6×10(-6)-5×10(-3)) for NoV infection and 3×10(-8) (7×10(-10)-3×10(-6)) for hepatitis A jaundice. The contribution to virus contamination of hand-contact was larger as compared with the contribution of irrigation, the conveyor belt or the water used for produce rinsing. In conclusion, viral contamination in the lettuce and soft fruit supply chains occurred and estimated health risks were generally low. Nevertheless, the 97.5% upper limit for the estimated NoV contamination of lettuce suggested that infection risks up to 50% per serving might occur. Our study suggests that attention to full compliance for hand hygiene will improve fresh produce safety related to virus risks most as compared to the other examined sources, given the monitoring results. This effect will be further aided by compliance with other hygiene and water quality regulations in production and processing facilities.

• MeSH
• hepatitida A prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• hygiena rukou MeSH
• infekce viry z čeledi Caliciviridae prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kvalita vody MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské adenoviry izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Norovirus izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• ovoce virologie   MeSH
• salát (hlávkový) virologie   MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• virus hepatitidy A izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH