During 2016, 153 gulls, including 64 Larus fuscus and 89 Larus michahellis, were found crippled in south Portugal. They died in Wildlife Rehabilitation and Investigation Center-RIAS and were necropsied. Reighardia sternae infected 2 (3%, n = 64) L. fuscus and 4 (4%, n = 89) L. michahellis. Molecular analysis confirmed the morphological identification on the basis of total body length, maximum body width, length of anterior and posterior hooks, total length of oral apparatus, and other features of oral apparatus of R. sternae. Both sequenced individuals in this study displayed 100% sequence identity to R. sternae individuals obtained previously from Larus ridibundus in Spain and to Reighardia sp. from Larus belcheri in Peru. Reighardia sternae is reported here for the first time in L. michahellis and for the first time from Portugal.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- Charadriiformes parazitologie MeSH
- konsenzuální sekvence MeSH
- nemoci ptáků parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat parazitologie MeSH
- Pentastomida anatomie a histologie genetika fyziologie MeSH
- pravděpodobnostní funkce MeSH
- respirační komplex IV genetika MeSH
- ribozomální DNA chemie izolace a purifikace MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 18S genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Portugalsko MeSH
Focusing upon chewing lice (Phthiraptera: Amblycera, Ischnocera) parasitizing blackcaps ( Sylvia atricapilla ) in the Azores (Portugal), we found a lower number of louse species in the Azores compared to mainland Europe. Only chewing lice host specific to blackcaps were found in the Azores. Louse prevalences were much higher in blackcaps from the Azores compared to those of various mainland populations. Chewing lice are permanent parasites of birds, and for such parasites the parasite island syndrome could be characterized by higher parasite prevalence on the islands compared to the mainland.
- MeSH
- Amblycera * MeSH
- Ischnocera * MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- ostrovy epidemiologie MeSH
- Passeriformes parazitologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- syndrom MeSH
- zavšivení epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Azory MeSH
- Česká republika MeSH
- ostrovy epidemiologie MeSH
We examined the presence of borreliae and rickettsiae bacteria in ticks from wild passerine birds on three islands of the Archipelago of the Azores, the westernmost region of Palearctic. A total of 266 birds belonging to eight species from seven families were examined on São Miguel, Santa Maria and Graciosa islands in 2013. Ticks collected from these birds consisted of 55 Ixodes frontalis (22 larvae, 32 nymphs, 1 adult female) and 16 Haemaphysalis punctata nymphs. Turdus merula and Erithacus rubecula were the birds most infested with both tick species. Three T. merula in Santa Maria were infested with 4 I. frontalis infected with Borrelia turdi. No rickettsiae were found in the ticks. We report for the first time the presence of I. frontalis and B. turdi on the Azores islands and we showed that the spatial distribution reaches further west than previously thought.
- MeSH
- Borrelia izolace a purifikace MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- infestace klíšťaty epidemiologie mikrobiologie parazitologie MeSH
- klíšťata mikrobiologie MeSH
- larva MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- nymfa MeSH
- Passeriformes MeSH
- Rickettsia izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Azory MeSH
We aimed at Escherichia coli and Enterobacter cloacae isolates resistant to cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones and Salmonella isolates in wild birds in Arctic Svalbard, Norway. Cloacal swabs of little auks (Alle alle, n=215) and samples of faeces of glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus, n=15) were examined. Inducible production of AmpC enzyme was detected in E. cloacae KW218 isolate. Sequence analysis of the 1146 bp PCR product of the ampC gene from this isolate revealed 99% sequence homology with the blaACT-14 and blaACT-5 AmpC beta-lactamase genes. Four, respectively six of the identified single nucleotide polymorphisms generated amino acid substitutions in the amino acid chain. As the ampC sequence polymorphism in the investigated E. cloacae strain was identified as unique, we revealed a novel variant of the ampC beta-lactamase gene blaACT-23.
- MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence genetika MeSH
- bakteriální proteiny genetika metabolismus MeSH
- beta-laktamasy genetika metabolismus MeSH
- Charadriiformes mikrobiologie MeSH
- DNA primery genetika MeSH
- Enterobacter cloacae enzymologie genetika MeSH
- Escherichia coli genetika MeSH
- jednonukleotidový polymorfismus genetika MeSH
- kloaka mikrobiologie MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA veterinární MeSH
- substituce aminokyselin genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Norsko MeSH
- Svalbard MeSH
Until now, four species of eye trematodes have been found in South America. Of them, Philophthalmus lucipetus (synonymized with Philophthalmus gralli) displays a broad host spectrum, with at least 30 bird species (prevalently large water birds), five mammal species and humans serving as definitive hosts, and with snails Fagotia (Microcolpia) acicularis, Amphimelania holandri, Melanopsis praemorsa and Melanoides tuberculata serving as intermediate hosts. When examining a total of 50 birds of ten species in the wetland of Pantanos de Villa, Lima, Peru in July 2011, eye trematodes were identified visually in the edematous conjunctival sac of 11 (48%) out of 23 resident many-colored rush tyrants Tachuris rubrigastra. Based on morphometric characteristics, the trematodes were identified as P. lucipetus. ITS2 and CO1 gene of the examined specimens combined showed a 99% similarity to an Iranian isolate of Philophthalmus sp. from the intermediate host Melanoides tuberculata, an invasive freshwater snail, suggesting that these two isolates represent the same species with a wide geographical range. Moreover, the prevalence of infection with the philophthalmid cercariae was 31% in 744 Melanoides tuberculata examined in Pantanos de Villa in 2010. It is evident that P. lucipetus occurs throughout the world as well as locally, including Eurasia and South America. Here we report this trematode for the first time in Peru, and we were the first to sequence any of the South American eye trematodes. Low host specificity of P. lucipetus and the invasive character of Melanoides tuberculata as a competent intermediate host suggest that eye trematodosis caused by P. lucipetus may emerge frequently in various parts of the world, especially in the tropics. Increase of the zoonotic potential of the P. lucipetus associated with this invasive snail spreading across the world is predictable and should be of interest for further research.
- MeSH
- Echinostomatidae klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda veterinární MeSH
- infekce přenášené vektorem MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA genetika MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- nemoci ptáků parazitologie MeSH
- oční infekce parazitární veterinární MeSH
- Passeriformes parazitologie MeSH
- ribozomální DNA genetika MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Peru MeSH
Extraintestinal Escherichia coli infections are associated with extraintestinal pathogenic E. coli (ExPEC) strains. A total of 114 E. coli isolates were characterized regarding their antimicrobial resistance in a prospective study of 319 broilers from 12 slaughterhouses in the Czech Republic, a European Union member, during 2008. PCR-based assays to define ExPEC-associated traits were performed in resistant strains. Consumption of antimicrobial drugs by poultry in the Czech Republic was also analyzed. Antibiotic resistance was detected in 82% of isolates. Resistance to nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin was predominant. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes, qnrB19 and qnrS1, were detected in 1 and 3 of 93 resistant isolates, respectively. Twenty-three percent of resistant isolates were considered as ExPEC. In total, 972 kg of flumequine, enrofloxacin, and difloxacin were used in poultry in the Czech Republic during 2008. High prevalence of broilers with ciprofloxacin-resistant E. coli isolates was linked to consumption of quinolones in poultry. Broilers may comprise an important vehicle for community-wide dissemination of fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli and ExPEC. Withdrawal of fluoroquinolones from use in chicken production should be seriously considered in the Czech Republic and the European Union as well.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- antiinfekční látky farmakologie MeSH
- chinolony farmakologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků izolace a purifikace MeSH
- faktory virulence genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli epidemiologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- kur domácí * MeSH
- maso mikrobiologie MeSH
- mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- prospektivní studie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
This study concerned the occurrence of fecal bacteria with plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (PMQR) genes in rooks (Corvus frugilegus, medium-sized corvid birds) wintering in continental Europe during winter 2010/2011. Samples of fresh rook feces were taken by cotton swabs at nine roosting places in eight European countries. Samples were transported to one laboratory and placed in buffered peptone water (BPW). The samples from BPW were enriched and subcultivated onto MacConkey agar (MCA) supplemented with ciprofloxacin (0.06 mg/L) to isolate fluoroquinolone-resistant bacteria. DNA was isolated from smears of bacterial colonies growing on MCA and tested by PCR for PMQR genes aac(6')-Ib, qepA, qnrA, qnrB, qnrC, qnrD, qnrS, and oqxAB. All the PCR products were further analyzed by sequencing. Ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria were isolated from 37% (392 positive/1,073 examined) of samples. Frequencies of samples with ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates ranged significantly from 3% to 92% in different countries. The qnrS1 gene was found in 154 samples and qnrS2 in 2 samples. The gene aac(6')-Ib-cr was found in 16 samples. Thirteen samples were positive for qnrB genes in variants qnrB6 (one sample), qnrB18 (one), qnrB19 (one), qnrB29 (one), and qnrB49 (new variant) (one). Both the qnrD and oqxAB genes were detected in six samples. The genes qnrA, qnrC, and qepA were not found. Wintering omnivorous rooks in Europe were commonly colonized by bacteria supposedly Enterobacteriaceae with PMQR genes. Rooks may disseminate these epidemiologically important bacteria over long distances and pose a risk for environmental contamination.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- Enterobacteriaceae genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- enterobakteriální infekce epidemiologie mikrobiologie veterinární MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- fluorochinolony farmakologie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- nemoci ptáků epidemiologie mikrobiologie MeSH
- plazmidy klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce veterinární MeSH
- protein - isoformy klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- proteiny z Escherichia coli klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- vrány mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
The study was performed in the Czech Republic during 2007 to 2009. Of Escherichia coli isolates from 275 children aged 6 weeks, 36% (n = 177) were resistant to 1 to 7 antibiotics. Of isolates from 253 children aged 6 to 17 years, 24% (n = 205) were resistant to 1 to 5 antibiotics. There was no significant difference in the prevalences of antibiotic-resistant E. coli isolates between these groups of children, even though the consumptions of antibiotics were quite different.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie terapeutické užití MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- infekce vyvolané Escherichia coli farmakoterapie MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- kojenec MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- biologie MeSH
- entomologie MeSH
- fotografování MeSH
- přírodní vědy * MeSH
- umění MeSH
- veterinární lékařství * MeSH
- zoologie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- biografie MeSH
- O autorovi
- Hrabák, Rudolf, 1932-2011 Autorita
Individual cloacal swabs of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) and of herring gulls (Larus argentatus), as well as samples of waterbird feces obtained in 2008 and 2009, were cultivated for Escherichia coli. Isolates of E. coli were tested for susceptibilities to 12 antimicrobial agents by the disk diffusion method. Moreover, the samples were subcultivated on MacConkey agar (MCA) containing cefotaxime (2 mg liter(-1)) to detect E. coli with extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) and subsequently on MCA supplemented with ciprofloxacin (0.05 mg liter(-1)) and MCA with nalidixic acid (20 mg liter(-1)) to isolate fluoroquinolone-resistant E. coli. PCR was used to detect specific antibiotic resistance genes. We found 9 E. coli isolates producing ESBL with bla genes: bla(CTX-M-1) (6 isolates), bla(CTX-M-9) plus bla(TEM-1b) (1 isolate), bla(CTX-M-15) plus bla(OXA-1) (1 isolate), and bla(SHV-12) (1 isolate). In the isolate with bla(CTX-M-15), the gene aac(6)-Ib-cr was also detected. The bla genes were harbored by transferable plasmids of the IncN and IncI1 groups. Nine quinolone-resistant E. coli isolates with qnrS genes were found and characterized. The gene qnrS was associated with a Tn3-like transposon on the IncX1 plasmid together with bla(TEM-1) in two isolates. The gene qnrS was also harbored by conjugative plasmids of the IncN and IncX2 groups. Even if populations of wild birds are not directly influenced by antibiotic practice, we have demonstrated that antibiotic-resistant E. coli strains, including strains with various ESBL and qnrS genes, are found in the feces of wild birds on the coast of the Baltic Sea in Poland.
- MeSH
- Anseriformes mikrobiologie MeSH
- antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
- bakteriální geny MeSH
- bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
- beta-laktamasy biosyntéza MeSH
- Charadriiformes mikrobiologie MeSH
- Escherichia coli účinky léků enzymologie genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- feces mikrobiologie MeSH
- kloaka mikrobiologie MeSH
- kultivační média chemie MeSH
- mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
- oceány a moře MeSH
- plazmidy analýza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- oceány a moře MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
