Bacterial communities within avian nests are considered an important determinant of egg viability, potentially selecting for traits that confer embryos with protection against trans-shell infection. A high bacterial density on the eggshell increases hatching failure, whether this effect could be due to changes in bacterial community or just a general increase in bacterial density. We explored this idea using intra- and interspecific comparisons of the relationship between hatching success and eggshell bacteria characterized by culture and molecular techniques (fingerprinting and high-throughput sequencing). We collected information for 152 nests belonging to 17 bird species. Hatching failures occurred more frequently in nests with higher density of aerobic mesophilic bacteria on their eggshells. Bacterial community was also related to hatching success, but only when minority bacterial operational taxonomic units were considered. These findings support the hypothesis that bacterial density is a selective agent of embryo viability, and hence a proxy of hatching failure only within species. Although different avian species hold different bacterial densities or assemblages on their eggs, the association between bacteria and hatching success was similar for different species. This result suggests that interspecific differences in antibacterial defenses are responsible for keeping the hatching success at similar levels in different species.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace genetika růst a vývoj izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- fenotyp MeSH
- ovum růst a vývoj mikrobiologie MeSH
- ptáci klasifikace růst a vývoj mikrobiologie fyziologie MeSH
- vaječná skořápka mikrobiologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Being an obligate parasite, juvenile common cuckoos Cuculus canorus are thought to reach their African wintering grounds from Palearctic breeding grounds without guidance from experienced conspecifics but this has not been documented. We used satellite tracking to study naïve migrating common cuckoos. Juvenile cuckoos left breeding sites in Finland moving slowly and less consistently directed than adult cuckoos. Migration of the juveniles (N = 5) was initiated later than adults (N = 20), was directed toward the southwest-significantly different from the initial southeast direction of adults-and included strikingly long Baltic Sea crossings (N = 3). After initial migration of juvenile cuckoos toward Poland, the migration direction changed and proceeded due south, directly toward the winter grounds, as revealed by a single tag transmitting until arrival in Northwest Angola where northern adult cuckoos regularly winter. Compared to adults, the juvenile travelled straighter and faster, potentially correcting for wind drift along the route. That both migration route and timing differed from adults indicates that juvenile cuckoos are able to reach proper wintering grounds independently, guided only by their innate migration programme.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- migrace zvířat * MeSH
- pohlavní dospělost MeSH
- ptáci růst a vývoj fyziologie MeSH
- satelitní přenosy * MeSH
- vítr MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Angola MeSH
- Finsko MeSH
- MeSH
- deratizace metody MeSH
- dezinsekce MeSH
- infestace ektoparazity * prevence a kontrola MeSH
- ivermektin aplikace a dávkování terapeutické užití MeSH
- kongresy jako téma MeSH
- kontaminace potravin prevence a kontrola MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- malárie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- myši parazitologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- ptáci parazitologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- štěnice účinky léků MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši parazitologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- embryologie přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- inkubátory * MeSH
- kosmický let přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- ptáci embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- stav beztíže * MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Československo MeSH
- SSSR MeSH
- MeSH
- ptáci embryologie růst a vývoj MeSH
- vývojová biologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
