Tufano, JJ, Conlon, JA, Nimphius, S, Oliver, JM, Kreutzer, A, and Haff, GG. Different cluster sets result in similar metabolic, endocrine, and perceptual responses in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 33(2): 346-354, 2019-The purpose of this study was to compare the kinematic, metabolic, endocrine, and perceptual responses of 3 back squat protocols with equal loads, number of repetitions, and total rest duration. Eight strength-trained men performed 36 back squats using 75% 1 repetition maximum and 420 seconds of total rest during basic cluster sets of 4 (CS4), rest redistribution sets of 4 (RR4), and rest redistribution sets of 1 (RR1). Rating of perceived exertion (RPE), blood lactate (La), mean velocity maintenance (MVM), and mean velocity loss (MVL) were measured during exercise. Total testosterone (TT), growth hormone (GH), cortisol (C), and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) were measured before exercise and 15, 30, and 60 minutes postexercise. There were no differences between protocols for MVM. However, MVL was less during RR1 compared with RR4 (p = 0.032), and neither protocol was different than CS4. All protocols resulted in similar increases in RPE and La, which remained elevated up to 30 minutes postexercise (p ≤ 0.05). In all protocols, GH increased and returned to baseline by 60 minutes postexercise (p ≤ 0.05). At 60 minutes postexercise, TT was less than all other time points (p ≤ 0.05). There were no main effects for time for SHBG or C. The data from this study show that different types of cluster set protocols can result in proanabolic physiological responses to resistance training. In addition, coaches can redistribute rest periods without affecting perceived effort or metabolic and hormonal changes if the external load, number of repetitions, and total rest time are equalized.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• globulin vázající pohlavní hormony analýza   MeSH
• hydrokortison krev   MeSH
• kosterní svaly fyziologie   MeSH
• kyselina mléčná krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• odpočinek fyziologie   MeSH
• odporový trénink metody   MeSH
• percepce MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• tělesná námaha fyziologie   MeSH
• testosteron krev   MeSH
• záda MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH

Akromegália je zriedkavé ochorenie, ktorého najčastejšou príčinou je adenóm hypofýzy. V dôsledku dlhodobej elevácie rastového hormónu (RH) a inzulínu podobného rastového faktora 1 (IGF1) pri tomto ochorení dochádza k rozvoju komplikácií ako kardiomyopatia, diabetes mellitus, syndróm spánkového apnoe a artropatia. Incidencia akromegálie je 3-4 pacienti na 1 000 000 za rok. Klinefelterov syndróm (KS) je najčastejšou príčinou mužského hypogonadizmu, vyskytujúcou sa u približne 1 z 500 živo narodených chlapcov. Medzi klinické charakteristiky KS patria najmä malé semenníky, spomedzi ďalších príznakov je to vysoká postava, znížený svalový tonus, oneskorená puberta s nedostatočným vývojom sekundárnych pohlavných znakov a gynekomastia. V našej kazuistike prezentujeme 32-ročného muža s kombináciou akromegálie a 47,XXY Klinefelterovho syndrómu. Pacient klinicky s typickými akromegalickými znakmi. Laboratórne bola potvrdená vysoká hladina rastového hormónu bez supresie v orálnom glukózovom tolerančnom teste, vysoká hladina IGF1, nízka hladina testosterónu s vysokými hladinami luteinizačného hormónu (LH) a folikuly stimulačného hormónu (FSH). Doplnená magnetická rezonancia s nálezom makroadenómu hypofýzy veľkosti 25 x 18 x 18 mm. Na základe uvedeného bola potvrdená diagnóza akromegálie. Následne realizovaná transsfenoidálna resekcia makroadenómu hypofýzy. Histopatologické a imunohistochemické nálezy odhalili rastový hormón produkujúci adenóm hypofýzy. Prítomnosť klinických znakov - malých, tuhých semenníkov, nedostatku sekundárnych pohlavných mužských znakov, ako aj laboratórne vyšetrenia suponovali hypergonadotropný hypogonadizmus, ktorý nemohol byť vysvetlený diagnózou akromegálie. Chromozomálny karyotyp 47,XXY potvrdil diagnózu KS. Substitučná liečba testosterónom nebola zahájená z dôvodu nesúhlasu pacienta. Pooperačne pretrvávala zvýšená plazmatická koncentrácia RH a IGF1. Bola zahájená liečba somatostatínovými analógmi (lanreotid) v dávke 120 mg každých 28 dní. Kontrolná magnetická rezonancia hypofýzy preukázala reziduum veľkosti 14 x 14 x 7 mm. Aktuálne je pacient po endoskopickej revízii rezidua.

Acromegaly is a rare disorder usually caused by a benign tumour of the pituitary gland. Long-term presence of elevated growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) levels accompanying this disease is associated with complications such as cardiomyopathy, diabetes mellitus, sleep apnoea and arthropathy. Incidence of acromegaly is 3-4 patients per million per year. Klinefelter syndrome (KS) is the most common sex chromosome disorder occuring in about 1/500 live male births. Common physical features include particularly small testes, among other symptoms are tall stature, reduced muscle tone, delayed pubertal development, lack of secondary male sex characteristics and gynecomastia. We present a 32-year-old man suffering from both acromegaly and 47, XXY Klinefelter syndrome. The patient with typical acromegalic features. Laboratory tests revealed high level of GH which was not suppressed after glucose administration, high level of IGF1, low testosterone concentration with high concentation of luteinizing hormone and follicle stimulating hormone. A magnetic resonance imaging scan revealed a 25 x 18 x 18 mm macroadenoma involving the pituitary gland. A diagnosis of acromegaly was established. After this examination trans-sphenoidal resection was performed. Histopathologic and immunohistochemical findings revealed growth hormoneproducing pituitary adenoma. The presence of infertility with clinical features such as small testes, lack of secondary male sex characteristics and laboratory findings revealed hypergonadotropic hypogonadism that could not be explained by the diagnosis of acromegaly. A chromosomal karyotyping revealed a 47, XXY, confirming the diagnosis of KS. Testosterone replacement therapy wasn´t begun because of patient disagreement. Postoperatively elevated plasma concentration of GH and IGF1 levels persist. Treatment by somatostatin analogues (lanreotid) was initiated at dose 120 mg every 28 days. Control magnetic resonance imaging of the sella demonstrated a residue of pituary adenoma size 14 x 14 x 7 mm. The patient is currently undergoing endoscopic revision of the residue.

• MeSH
• akromegalie * diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• androgeny MeSH
• azoospermie diagnóza   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hormony MeSH
• imunohistochemie MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I analýza   MeSH
• Klinefelterův syndrom * diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory hypofýzy diagnostické zobrazování   farmakoterapie   chirurgie   MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• somatostatin analogy a deriváty   aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• testosteron aplikace a dávkování   krev   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

The aim of the present study was to examine the role of nutritional status, the metabolic hormone ghrelin and their interrelationships in the control of chicken hormones involved in the regulation of reproduction. For this purpose, we identified the effect of food deprivation, administration of ghrelin 1-18 and their combination on plasma levels of testosterone (T), estradiol (E), arginine-vasotocin (AVT) and growth hormone (GH) as well as the release of these hormones by isolated and cultured ovarian fragments. It was observed that food deprivation reduces plasma T and E and increases plasma AVT and GH levels. Food restriction also reduced the amount of E produced by isolated ovaries, but it did not affect the ovarian secretion of T and AVT. No ovarian GH secretion was detected. Ghrelin administered to ad libitum fed chickens did not affect plasma T and E levels, but it did increase plasma GH and AVT concentrations. Moreover, it partially prevented the effect of food deprivation on plasma E and AVT levels, but not on T or GH levels. Ghrelin administration to control birds promoted ovarian T, but not E or AVT release and reduced T and no other hormonal outputs in birds subjected to food restriction. Our results (1) confirmed the ovarian origin of the main plasma T and E and the extra-ovarian origin of the main blood AVT and GH; (2) showed that food deprivation-induced suppression of reproduction may be caused by suppression of T and E and the promotion of AVT and GH release; (3) suggest the involvement of ghrelin in control chicken E, AVT and GH output; and (4) indicates that ghrelin can either mimic or modify the effect of the intake of low calories on chicken plasma and ovarian hormones, i.e. it can mediate the effect of metabolic state on hormones involved in the control of reproduction.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• energetický metabolismus fyziologie   MeSH
• estradiol krev   MeSH
• ghrelin farmakologie   MeSH
• kur domácí MeSH
• ovarium účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• potravinová deprivace fyziologie   MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• testosteron krev   MeSH
• vasotocin krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Endotoxin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) affects the ruminant health and animal performance. The main purposes of this study were to investigate the potential effects of GH/IGF system and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) concentration on resistance the circulating LPS concentration increased in liver with high concentrate diet treatment. Non-lactating goats were randomly allocated to two groups: a high-concentrate diet (HCD) or a low-concentrate diet (LCD) in cross over design and the blood collection at different time points after feeding at the end of the experiment. The average rumen pH was significantly reduced (P<0.05), but the duration with pH was not more than 120 min in the HCD group. The plasma LPL concentration was significantly raised (P<0.05). However, from 2 h onwards, LPS concentration was significantly reduced (P<0.01) in the HCD group compared with LCD group. In addition, the plasma IGF1 concentration and the hepatic insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) mRNA expression were markedly reduced (P<0.05). However, growth hormone (GH) secretion at 15, 30, and 45 min after feeding and growth hormone receptor (GHR) mRNA expression in the liver was significantly increased (P<0.05) in HCD group. The correlation analysis showed that the plasma LPL concentration was positively correlated with hepatic GHR mRNA expression (P<0.05). Conversely, the plasma LPS concentration was negatively correlated with LPL concentration (P<0.05). These findings reveal that alterations in GH/IGF system function in response to a high-concentrate diet are accompanied by corresponding changes in systemic LPL in non-lactating goats' liver in presence of endogenous LPS stress.

• MeSH
• játra metabolismus   MeSH
• kozy MeSH
• lipopolysacharidy krev   MeSH
• lipoproteinlipasa krev   MeSH
• receptory somatomedinů krev   MeSH
• regulace genové exprese MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Ghrelin, the only known peripherally produced and centrally acting peptide that stimulates food intake, is synthesized primarily in the stomach and acts through the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a). In addition to its orexigenic effect, ghrelin stimulates the release of growth hormone (GH). In this study, we investigated the biological properties of full-length and shortened ghrelin analogs in which octanoylated Ser(3) is replaced with an octanoic acid moiety coupled to diaminopropionic acid (Dpr). Ghrelin analogs stabilized with Dpr(N-octanoyl) in position 3 and noncoded amino acids in position 1 (sarcosine) and/or position 4 (naphthylalanine or cyclohexylalanine) were found to possess affinities similar to those of ghrelin for cell membranes with transfected GHS-R1a. In vivo, the prolonged orexigenic effects of analogs containing Dpr(N-octanoyl)(3) compared with that of ghrelin in adult mice and a similar impact on GH secretion in young mice were found. Full-length [Dpr(N-octanoyl)(3)]ghrelin and its analogs with a noncoded amino acid in position 1 and/or 4 showed significantly prolonged stability in blood plasma compared with that of ghrelin. Ghrelin analogs with a prolonged orexigenic effect are potential treatments for GH deficiency or cachexia that accompanies chronic diseases. Desoctanoylated ghrelin analogs and N-terminal penta- and octapeptides of ghrelin did not show any biological activity.

• MeSH
• ghrelin analogy a deriváty   chemická syntéza   metabolismus   MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši MeSH
• přijímání potravy účinky léků   MeSH
• receptory ghrelinu metabolismus   MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

• MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pohlavní steroidní hormony farmakologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• puberta krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• růstová ploténka metabolismus   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• souhrny MeSH

• MeSH
• akromegalie * klasifikace   krev   MeSH
• glukózový toleranční test * metody   normy   MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I diagnostické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• růstový hormon * diagnostické užití   krev   MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• souhrny MeSH

OBJECTIVE: The Leksell gamma knife (LGK) is one of the treatment options for pituitary adenomas. We report on our long-term experience treating acromegaly using LGK. DESIGN: Since 1993 we have followed 96 acromegaly patients through periods of from 12 to 120 months. The mean follow-up period was 53.7 +/- 26.8 months. Seventy-two patients were treated with neurosurgery prior to LGK; for 24 LGK was the primary treatment. Thirteen patients were irradiated twice, due to persistent activity of the adenoma or its residue. Pituitary functions were tested at 6-month intervals, post-irradiation. The target tumour volume for radiosurgery was between 93.3 and 12 700 mm3 (median 1350 mm3). RESULTS: Fifty per cent of the patients achieved mean GH < 2.5 microg/l within 42 months, normalized their IGF-I within 54 months, and achieved GH suppression in the oral glucose tolerance test (oGTT) < 1 microg/l with normal IGF-I within 66 months. LGK effectiveness was dependent on initial adenoma hormonal activity (GH and IGF-I serum levels), not on the size of the adenoma. Patients with primary neurosurgery followed by LGK irradiation had better outcomes than those with LGK alone. Irradiation arrested all adenoma growth, causing tumour shrinkage in 62.3% of patients. Twenty-six developed hypopituitarism when irradiated by 15 Gy (or more) on functional peritumoral pituitary tissue. No hypopituitarism appeared using lower doses. CONCLUSIONS: In acromegaly, LGK is a useful adjunct to primary neurosurgery when treating post-surgical residues because it can limit the duration of medical therapy. It can be used as a primary therapy when neurosurgery is not possible.

• MeSH
• adenom chirurgie   komplikace   krev   MeSH
• akromegalie etiologie   chirurgie   krev   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I analýza   MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• krevní glukóza analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nádory hypofýzy chirurgie   komplikace   krev   MeSH
• následné studie MeSH
• neparametrická statistika MeSH
• neurochirurgické výkony MeSH
• radiochirurgie přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) controls lipolysis in human adipocytes. Lipid mobilization is increased during repeated bouts of exercise, but the underlying mechanisms involved in this process have not yet been delineated. The relative involvement of catecholamine- and ANP-dependent pathways in the control of lipid mobilization during repeated bouts of exercise was thus investigated in subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) by microdialysis. The study was performed in healthy males. Subjects performed two 45-min exercise bouts (E1 and E2) at 50% of their maximal oxygen uptake separated by a 60-min rest period. Extracellular glycerol concentration (EGC), reflecting SCAT lipolysis, was measured in a control probe perfused with Ringer solution and in two other probes perfused with either Ringer plus phentolamine (alpha(1/2)-AR antagonist) or Ringer plus both phentolamine and propranolol (beta-AR antagonist). Plasma epinephrine, plasma glycerol, and EGC were 1.7-, 1.6-, and 1.2-fold higher in E2 than in E1, respectively. Phentolamine potentiated exercise-induced EGC increase during E2 only. Propranolol reduced the lipolytic rate during both E1 and E2 compared with the probe with phentolamine. Plasma ANP concentration increased more during E2 than during E1 and was correlated with the increase in EGC in the probe containing phentolamine plus propranolol. The results suggest that ANP is involved in the control of lipolysis during exercise and that it contributes to stimulation of lipolysis during repeated bouts of exercise.

• MeSH
• adrenalin krev   MeSH
• AMP cyklický metabolismus   MeSH
• atriální natriuretický faktor fyziologie   krev   MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• extracelulární tekutina metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• fentolamin farmakologie   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• fyzická vytrvalost fyziologie   MeSH
• glycerol krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• guanosinmonofosfát cyklický metabolismus   MeSH
• inzulin krev   MeSH
• katecholaminy krev   MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné neesterifikované krev   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipolýza genetika   MeSH
• mikrodialýza MeSH
• noradrenalin krev   MeSH
• propranolol farmakologie   MeSH
• regionální krevní průtok genetika   MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• tuková tkáň krevní zásobení   metabolismus   účinky léků   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinické zkoušky MeSH

• MeSH
• arginin MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• hormon uvolňující růstový hormon MeSH
• hypofýza patofyziologie   MeSH
• hypopituitarismus diagnóza   etiologie   krev   MeSH
• insulinu podobný růstový faktor I analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poranění mozku komplikace   krev   MeSH
• růstový hormon krev   MeSH
• subarachnoidální krvácení komplikace   krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• souhrny MeSH