Vzrůstající rezistence bakterií na antibiotika představuje závažný problém. Látky rostlinného původu s prokázanými antimikrobními účinky mohou být novou cestou nebo doplňkem stávající antibiotické terapie. Látky obsažené v chmelu, zejména beta hořké kyseliny a xanthohumol mají výrazné inhibiční účinky na Gram pozitivní bakterie (Staphylococcus aureus včetně rezistentních forem MRSA) a anaerobní bakterie, zejména Clostridium perfringens a Clostridium difficile. Jejich další vlastnosti jako je nízká rozpustnost ve vodě, malá toxicita a nízký stupeň vstřebávání v gastrointestinálním traktu předpokládají využití při terapii lokálních infekcí zejména kožních a infekcí zažívacího traktu. Preparáty na bázi těchto látek, které budou vyvinuty a otestovány během projektu, mohou být využitelné pro lokální terapii infekcí měkkých tkání a pro prevenci, popřípadě terapii klostridiových infekcí, zejména enteroroxikózy způsobené toxigenními kmeny Clostridium difficile.; The increasingly more prevalent bacterial resistance to antibiotics presents an important worldwide problem. Compounds of natural origin with a proven anti-bacterial effect may represent new resources in this area or serve as complimentary therapies utilized together with antibiotics. Certain compounds from hops, especially beta-bitter acids and xanthohumol possess strong inhibitory effects on Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus, including resistant variants such as MRSA) and anaerobic bacteria, namely Clostridium perfringens and C. difficile. Some of the other characteristics of these compounds, including their low solubility in water, low toxicity and low level of adsorption in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), predispose them as useful tools for local infections of skin and GIT. Formulations containing these compounds, which will be developed and evaluated in this project, can thus represent much needed tools for a local therapy of infections caused by antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.

• MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• antibiotická rezistence MeSH
• antiinfekční látky terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Clostridioides difficile patogenita   účinky léků   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• Humulus MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí farmakoterapie   MeSH
• kyseliny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty terapeutické užití   MeSH
• vyvíjení léků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• farmacie a farmakologie
• infekční lékařství
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

Lignans are members of a broad group of plant phenols that can positively affect human health. They occur in negligible quantities in processed foodstuffs such as lager beer. The aim of this work was to utilize the high levels of lignans in the knots of spruce trees (Picea abies) to increase the lignans content in beer, without negatively impacting the natural taste and aroma. By means of lignans addition in the forms of spruce knot chips or different extracts made from spruce knots during the wort boiling were produced beer and beer-based beverages with lignans content ranging from 34 to 174 mg/L.

• MeSH
• analýza potravin metody   MeSH
• chuťová percepce MeSH
• kvalita jídla MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lignany * analýza   MeSH
• pivo * analýza   MeSH
• smrk MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Staphylococcus (S.) aureus is an important causative agent of wound infections with increasing incidence in the past decades. Specifically, the emergence of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) causes serious problems, especially in nosocomial infections. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop of alternative or supportive antimicrobial therapeutic modalities to meet these challenges. Purified compounds from hops have previously shown promising antimicrobial effects against MRSA isolates in vitro. In this study, purified beta-acids from hops were tested for their potential antimicrobial and healing properties using a porcine model of wounds infected by MRSA. The results show highly significant antimicrobial effects of the active substance in both the powder and Ambiderman-based application forms compared to both no-treatment control and treatment with Framycoin. Moreover, the macroscopic evaluation of the wounds during the treatment using the standardized Wound Healing Continuum indicated positive effects of the beta-acids on the overall wound healing. This is further supported by the microscopic data, which showed a clear improvement of the inflammatory parameters in the wounds treated by beta-acids. Thus, using the porcine model, we demonstrate significant therapeutic effects of hops compounds in the management of wounds infected by MRSA. Beta-acids from hops, therefore, represent a suitable candidate for the treatment of non-responsive nosocomial tissue infections by MRSA.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Clostridioides (C.) difficile is an important causative pathogen of nosocomial gastrointestinal infections in humans with an increasing incidence, morbidity, and mortality. The available treatment options against this pathogen are limited. The standard antibiotics are expensive, can promote emerging resistance, and the recurrence rate of the infection is high. Therefore, there is an urgent need for new approaches to meet these challenges. One of the possible treatment alternatives is to use compounds available in commonly used plants. In this study, purified extracts isolated from hops-alpha and beta acids and xanthohumol-were tested in vivo for their inhibitory effect against C. difficile. A rat model of the peroral intestinal infection by C. difficile has been developed. The results show that both xanthohumol and beta acids from hops exert a notable antimicrobial effect in the C. difficile infection. The xanthohumol application showed the most pronounced antimicrobial effect together with an improvement of local inflammatory signs in the large intestine. Thus, the hops compounds represent promising antimicrobial agents for the treatment of intestinal infections caused by C. difficile.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Hospitalized patients with wounds face an increased risk of infection with multi-drug-resistant nosocomial bacteria. In this study, samples from almost 10,000 patients from big hospitals in Czech Republic with infected wounds were analyzed for the presence of bacterial pathogens. In 7693 patients (78.8%), bacterial etiological agents were identified. Members of the Enterobacterales (37.1%) and Staphyloccus aureus (21.1%) were the most prevalent pathogens. Staphyloccus aureus showed methicillin resistance in 8.6%. Almost half of the Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were ESBL-positive and 25.6% of the Enterobacter spp. isolates were AmpC-positive. The third most prevalent Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed resistance to 19-32% of the antipseudomonal antibiotics tested. Based on the results, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin/sulbactam or piperacillin/tazobactam combined with gentamicin can be recommended for antibiotic treatment of infected wounds. Once the etiological agent is identified, the therapy should be adjusted according to the species and its resistance.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Staphylococcus aureus je lidský patogen, který vyvolává infekce kůže a měkkých tkání. Je zodpovědný například za endokarditidy, pneumonie nebo syndrom toxického šoku. Je také častou příčinou bakteremie. Zhruba 30 % světové lidské populace je kolonizováno bezpříznakově. Onemocnění vyvolaná rezistentními kmeny (MRSA, methicilin rezistentní S. aureus) ve spojitosti s neúčinnou antibiotickou terapií odpovídají za zvýšenou úmrtnost pacientů. Vývoj vakcíny proti S. aureus je proto důležitou záležitostí a výsledky výzkumu jsou pozorně sledovány.

Staphylococcus aureus is a human pathogen that causes infections of the skin and soft tissues. It is responsible, e.g. for endocarditis, pneumonia, or toxic shock syndrome. It is also a common cause of bacteremia. Approximately 30% of the world's human population is colonized asymptomatically. Diseases caused by resistant strains (MRSA, methicillin-resistant S. aureus) in association with an ineffective antibiotic therapy are responsible for an increased mortality. Therefore, the development of S. aureus vaccine is an important issue and the results of research in this area of general importance.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• stafylokokové infekce etiologie   farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• stafylokokové vakcíny MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus * genetika   patogenita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH