- Klíčová slova
- Bella-donna AKH,
- MeSH
- homeopatie * MeSH
- materia medica * terapeutické užití MeSH
- tonzilitida * farmakoterapie MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Berberis vulgaris AKH,
- MeSH
- artralgie terapie MeSH
- homeopatie * metody MeSH
- infekce močového ústrojí * terapie MeSH
- komplementární terapie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- materia medica MeSH
- rinitida * terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- Kalium muriaticum AKH,
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- homeopatie * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- materia medica MeSH
- rinitida * terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- populární práce MeSH
The rationale of "green pesticides" in food security is to use information about endogenous hormones of pest insects to make peptide mimetics that will act against the pest insects to alter their behaviour or physiology, while taking care not to harm beneficial insects or other organisms in the food chain. Such "green" insecticides are designed thus, on the basis of neuropeptide ligand-receptor interaction and it is of paramount interest to have finally a mimetic at hand that is harmful only to pest insects. For this concept to work, one has to identify the ligands in pest and beneficial insects. In this study we investigate adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) from a hemipteran source. The most harmful hemipterans on an economic scale are aphids (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Aphidoidea) of which the AKH is known. Here we identify the AKH complement of a member of a related suborder, the raintree bug or froghopper Ptyelus flavescens (Hemiptera: Cicadomorpha: Cercopoidea). Identification and sequence elucidation of the adipokinetic peptides of this species was achieved by a heterospecific and conspecific trehalose-mobilizing bioassay, and by liquid chromatography coupled to positive electrospray mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS) including tandem MS2spectra obtained by collision-induced dissociation. High resolution MS was employed to distinguish between Gln and Lys residues in the peptides. Three AKHs are discovered in the raintree bug: an octapeptide (Peram-CAH-I: pEVNFSPNW amide) previously known from cockroaches, and two novel decapeptides (Ptyfl-AKH-I: pEINFSTGWGQ amide and Ptyfl-AKH-II: pEINFSTAWGQ amide). The novel peptides were synthesized and the sequence assignments were unequivocally confirmed by co-elution of synthetic peptides and the natural equivalent and by identical MS data of the two forms. A conspecific bioassay in the froghopper describe the endogenous peptide Ptyfl-AKH-I as hypertrehalosemic. In heterologous bioassays the two novel AKHs induce an increase of circulating carbohydrates in cockroaches: Ptyfl-AKH-I is much more active than Ptyfl-AKH-II. Moreover, if the Ile2in Ptyfl-AKH-II is replaced with a Leu2residue, biological activity is further diminished. The current data show that the raintree AKH decapeptides differ by four amino acids from the aphid AKH (Acypi-AKH: pEVNFTPTWGQ amide). Therefore, it may be permissible to use the aphid AKH ligand-receptor pair to develop a "green" insecticide to target aphid metabolism.
BACKGROUND: Adipokinetic hormones (AKHs) are insect neuropetides controlling stress situations including those elicited by insecticide treatment. The effect of Pyrap-AKH on the mortality of the firebug Pyrrhocoris apterus (L.) treated with the insecticide permethrin (Ambush 25 EC) was studied. RESULTS: Coinjection of 50 ng permethrin with 80 pmol Pyrap-AKH induced a significant 2.3-fold increase in bug mortality compared with the insecticide alone. The results were confirmed by topical coapplication of both agents (400 ng and 80 pmol respectively). Injections of 50 and 100 ng permethrin elicited a significant increase in the AKH level in CNS and the haemolymph. The results indicate an involvement of AKH in stress response to permethrin. The enhanced effect of insecticide by AKH treatments probably results from the stimulatory role in bug metabolism: carbon dioxide production was increased 3.5- and 2.5-fold respectively 1 and 3 h after permethrin treatment, and 4.3- and 3.4-fold after the permethrin plus AKH cotreatment, compared with the control. CONCLUSION: The elevation of metabolism could intensify the permethrin action by its faster penetration into tissues and by stimulation of biochemically active cells, and could be a reason for enhanced action of permethrin after its cotreatment with Pyrap-AKH.
- MeSH
- centrální nervový systém účinky léků metabolismus MeSH
- fyziologický stres účinky léků MeSH
- hemolymfa metabolismus MeSH
- Heteroptera účinky léků metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- hmyzí hormony krev metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- insekticidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- kyselina pyrrolidonkarboxylová analogy a deriváty krev metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- oligopeptidy krev metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- oxid uhličitý metabolismus MeSH
- permethrin aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- pesticidoví synergisté krev metabolismus farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
