Mung bean Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
Ultra-weak photon emission (UPE) is an endogenous bioluminescence phenomenon present in all biological samples with an active oxidative metabolism, even without an external pre-illumination. To verify the potential of UPE for non-invasive monitoring of metabolism and growth in germinating plants, the aim of this study was to investigate the UPE from a model system - germinating mung bean seedlings (Vigna radiata) - and analyze the statistical properties of UPE during the growth in two different conditions of imbibition (pure water and 1% sucrose). We found that in all days and in both conditions, photocount distributions of UPE time series follow the negative binomial distribution whose parameters changed during the growth due to the increasing ratio of signal-to-detector dark count. Correspondingly for both groups, the mean values of UPE increased during the seedlings growth, while the values of Fano factor show a decreasing trend towards 1 during the 6day period. While our results do not show any significant difference in hypocotyl length and weight gain between the two groups of mung seedlings, there is an indication of a tiny suppressing effect of sucrose on UPE intensity. We believe that UPE can be exploited for a sensitive non-invasive analysis of oxidative metabolism during the plant development and growth with potential applications in agricultural research.
- MeSH
- fotony * MeSH
- klíčení * MeSH
- vigna chemie růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Paclobutrazol, (2RS, 3RS)-1-(4-chlorophenyl)-4, 4-dimethyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl) pentan-3-ol, is a plant growth retardant that mainly inhibits gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis. In agricultural practice, paclobutrazol is applied to arrest vegetative growth so as to increase the reproductive growth of many orchard fruit, as well as grain crops. However, due to its over-application and chemical stability, paclobutrazol accumulates in soil and inhibits the growth of subsequent crops, especially those grown for vegetative purposes. The present study focused mainly on the changes in the soil bacterial community following application of paclobutrazol. Mung bean (Vigna radiata) plants were treated with paclobutrazol and cultivated for three consecutive seasons. Soil samples were collected and analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) using 16S rDNA gene fragments and clone library analyses. The results obtained through clustering and clonal sequencing analysis showed that the bacterial community was affected by paclobutrazol, and in addition, was more diverse in the third stage of mung bean plant cultivation. The results of the study showed that paclobutrazol affected bacterial composition, and the population of bacteria varied greatly across time.
- MeSH
- Bacteria klasifikace účinky léků genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- květy účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- mikrobiota účinky léků MeSH
- půda chemie MeSH
- půdní mikrobiologie * MeSH
- RNA ribozomální 16S genetika MeSH
- shluková analýza MeSH
- triazoly farmakologie MeSH
- vigna účinky léků růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- antispermatogenní látky farmakologie MeSH
- antitumorózní látky farmakologie MeSH
- embryo savčí účinky léků MeSH
- endonukleasy specifické pro jednořetězcové nukleové kyseliny * farmakologie imunologie MeSH
- experimentální nádory * farmakoterapie MeSH
- fazol * enzymologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši nahé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
- pankreatická ribonukleasa farmakologie imunologie MeSH
- proliferace buněk účinky léků MeSH
- spermatogeneze účinky léků MeSH
- spermie účinky léků MeSH
- teratogeny farmakologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
Combining high-carbohydrate food with polyphenol-rich food is a possible way of producing slowly digestible starch with beneficial health properties. In Japan, non-glutinous and glutinous rice are cooked with adzuki bean and the colour of the cooked rice is pale red. In this article, we show that (1) the red colour of rice could be attributed to the oxidation of adzuki bean procyanidins, (2) pancreatin-induced starch digestion of the red-coloured non-glutinous rice was slower than white rice and (3) the digestion of amylose and potato starch but not amylopectin became slower by heating with procyanidin B2. Furthermore, the rate of starch digestion of red-coloured rice was not affected by nitrite treatment under simulated gastric conditions. The above results show that procyanidins could bind to amylose independent of the starch source by heating and could suppress starch digestion by α-amylase in the intestine.
- MeSH
- alfa-amylasy MeSH
- amylopektin metabolismus MeSH
- amylosa metabolismus MeSH
- biflavonoidy MeSH
- katechin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreatin metabolismus MeSH
- proantokyanidiny metabolismus MeSH
- rýže (rod) * MeSH
- trávení * MeSH
- vaření MeSH
- vigna * MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
In Japan, adzuki bean is cooked with rice. During the cooking, the colour of rice becomes pale red. It is postulated that the red pigment is produced from procyanidins and that the ingestion of red rice causes the production of nitric oxide (•NO) in the stomach by reacting with salivary nitrite. The increase in colour intensity accompanied the decrease in the amounts of procyanidins, suggesting the conversion of procyanidins into the red pigment during the cooking. In addition, the red pigment combined with rice strongly. The red-coloured rice produced •NO by reacting with nitrite in artificial gastric juice, and the amounts were dependent on the contents of procyanidins and the equivalents. It is suggested that although adzuki procyanidins were oxidised during cooking with rice, procyanidins and the equivalents bound to rice still have the ability to produce bioactive •NO in the stomach using nitrite in mixed whole saliva.
- MeSH
- anthokyaniny metabolismus MeSH
- biflavonoidy metabolismus MeSH
- dusitany metabolismus MeSH
- katechin metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina askorbová metabolismus MeSH
- kyselina dehydroaskorbová metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- oxid dusnatý metabolismus MeSH
- oxidace-redukce MeSH
- peptidylprolylisomerasa Pin1 MeSH
- proantokyanidiny metabolismus MeSH
- rýže (rod) metabolismus MeSH
- škrob MeSH
- sliny MeSH
- vaření * MeSH
- vigna chemie MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- žaludeční šťáva metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
Biological systems manifest continuous weak autoluminescence, which is present even in the absence of external stimuli. Since this autoluminescence arises from internal metabolic and physiological processes, several works suggested that it could carry information in the time series of the detected photon counts. However, there is little experimental work which would show any difference of this signal from random Poisson noise and some works were prone to artifacts due to lacking or improper reference signals. Here we apply rigorous statistical methods and advanced reference signals to test the hypothesis whether time series of autoluminescence from germinating mung beans display any intrinsic correlations. Utilizing the fractional Brownian bridge that employs short samples of time series in the method kernel, we suggest that the detected autoluminescence signal from mung beans is not totally random, but it seems to involve a process with a negative memory. Our results contribute to the development of the rigorous methodology of signal analysis of photonic biosignals.
- MeSH
- klíčení fyziologie MeSH
- luminiscence * MeSH
- vigna růst a vývoj MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- MeSH
- biflavonoidy MeSH
- radioimunoanalýza MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody využití MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kongresy MeSH
Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata [L.] Walp.) is a major crop for worldwide food and nutritional security, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, that is resilient to hot and drought-prone environments. An assembly of the single-haplotype inbred genome of cowpea IT97K-499-35 was developed by exploiting the synergies between single-molecule real-time sequencing, optical and genetic mapping, and an assembly reconciliation algorithm. A total of 519 Mb is included in the assembled sequences. Nearly half of the assembled sequence is composed of repetitive elements, which are enriched within recombination-poor pericentromeric regions. A comparative analysis of these elements suggests that genome size differences between Vigna species are mainly attributable to changes in the amount of Gypsy retrotransposons. Conversely, genes are more abundant in more distal, high-recombination regions of the chromosomes; there appears to be more duplication of genes within the NBS-LRR and the SAUR-like auxin superfamilies compared with other warm-season legumes that have been sequenced. A surprising outcome is the identification of an inversion of 4.2 Mb among landraces and cultivars, which includes a gene that has been associated in other plants with interactions with the parasitic weed Striga gesnerioides. The genome sequence facilitated the identification of a putative syntelog for multiple organ gigantism in legumes. A revised numbering system has been adopted for cowpea chromosomes based on synteny with common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris). An estimate of nuclear genome size of 640.6 Mbp based on cytometry is presented.
- MeSH
- chromozomy rostlin genetika MeSH
- délka genomu genetika MeSH
- DNA rostlinná chemie genetika MeSH
- fazol genetika MeSH
- genom rostlinný genetika MeSH
- mapování chromozomů MeSH
- retroelementy genetika MeSH
- rostlinné geny genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA metody MeSH
- syntenie MeSH
- vigna genetika MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
BACKGROUND: Plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi have the ability to enhance the growth, fitness, and quality of various agricultural crops, including cowpea. However, field trials confirming the benefits of microbes in large-scale applications using economically viable and efficient inoculation methods are still scarce. Microbial seed coating has a great potential for large-scale agriculture through the application of reduced amounts of PGPR and AM fungi inocula. Thus, in this study, the impact of seed coating with PGPR, Pseudomonas libanensis TR1 and AM fungus, Rhizophagus irregularis (single or multiple isolates) on grain yield and nutrient content of cowpea under low-input field conditions was evaluated. RESULTS: Seed coating with P. libanensis + multiple isolates of R. irregularis (coatPMR) resulted in significant increases in shoot dry weight (76%), and in the number of pods and seeds per plant (52% and 56%, respectively) and grain yield (56%), when compared with non-inoculated control plants. However, seed coating with P. libanensis + R. irregularis single-isolate (coatPR) did not influence cowpea grain yield. Grain lipid content was significantly higher (25%) in coatPMR plants in comparison with control. Higher soil organic matter and lower pH were observed in the coatPMR treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings indicate that cowpea field productivity can be improved by seed coating with PGPR and multiple AM fungal isolates under low-input agricultural systems. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
