Combining high-carbohydrate food with polyphenol-rich food is a possible way of producing slowly digestible starch with beneficial health properties. In Japan, non-glutinous and glutinous rice are cooked with adzuki bean and the colour of the cooked rice is pale red. In this article, we show that (1) the red colour of rice could be attributed to the oxidation of adzuki bean procyanidins, (2) pancreatin-induced starch digestion of the red-coloured non-glutinous rice was slower than white rice and (3) the digestion of amylose and potato starch but not amylopectin became slower by heating with procyanidin B2. Furthermore, the rate of starch digestion of red-coloured rice was not affected by nitrite treatment under simulated gastric conditions. The above results show that procyanidins could bind to amylose independent of the starch source by heating and could suppress starch digestion by α-amylase in the intestine.
- MeSH
- alfa-amylasy MeSH
- amylopektin metabolismus MeSH
- amylosa metabolismus MeSH
- biflavonoidy MeSH
- katechin MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pankreatin metabolismus MeSH
- proantokyanidiny metabolismus MeSH
- rýže (rod) * MeSH
- trávení * MeSH
- vaření MeSH
- vigna * MeSH
- vysoká teplota MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Japonsko MeSH
Distarch phosphates of different degree of substitution were analysed by 31P NMR. A major part of P was inorganic. When analysing reaction products of wheat starch in laboratory, cyclic monophosphate as a reaction intermediate was found. The chosen procedure made it possible to reach the DS 0.002
- MeSH
- amylopektin * chemie MeSH
- chemické techniky analytické metody využití MeSH
- fosfáty analýza MeSH
- fyziologie výživy MeSH
- magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie * metody MeSH
- potravinářská technologie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- škrob * analýza MeSH
- trávení MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
An extracellular amylase secreted by Aspergillus niveus was purified using DEAE fractogel ion exchange chromatography and Sephacryl S-200 gel filtration. The purified protein migrated as a single band in 5 % polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) and 10 % sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE). The enzyme exhibited 4.5 % carbohydrate content, 6.6 isoelectric point, and 60 and 52 kDa molar mass estimated by SDS-PAGE and Bio-Sil-Sec-400 gel filtration column, respectively. The amylase efficiently hydrolyzed glycogen, amylose, and amylopectin. The end-products formed after 24 h of starch hydrolysis, analyzed by thin layer chromatography, were maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, and maltopentaose, which classified the studied amylase as an α-amylase. Thermal stability of the α-amylase was improved by covalent immobilization on glyoxyl agarose (half-life of 169 min, at 70 °C). On the other hand, the free α-amylase showed a half-life of 20 min at the same temperature. The optima of pH and temperature were 6.0 and 65 °C for both free and immobilized forms.
- MeSH
- alfa-amylasy izolace a purifikace metabolismus MeSH
- amylopektin metabolismus MeSH
- amylosa metabolismus MeSH
- Aspergillus enzymologie MeSH
- chromatografie iontoměničová MeSH
- chromatografie na tenké vrstvě MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- enzymy imobilizované chemie metabolismus MeSH
- gelová chromatografie MeSH
- glykogen metabolismus MeSH
- hydrolýza MeSH
- koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
- molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
- sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
- sekvenční seřazení MeSH
- stabilita enzymů MeSH
- teplota MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Digestibility of starch has been attributed to many factors, such as starch s ource, granule size, amylose / amylopectin ratio, crystallinity. Resistant starch (RS) es- capes enzymatic digestion in the small intestine and passes into colon. The review is focused on the RS content in foods, nutritional benefits and on methods of increasing the RS/total starch ratio. Slowly digestible starch is ab- sorbed in the small intestine within 20–120 min. RS can be used in treatment of diabetes or in controlled-release drugs.
- MeSH
- amylopektin chemie MeSH
- amylosa chemie MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- farmaceutická technologie * metody MeSH
- farmaceutické pomocné látky analýza aplikace a dávkování farmakokinetika chemie izolace a purifikace metabolismus terapeutické užití zásobování a distribuce MeSH
- glukany chemie MeSH
- intestinální absorpce MeSH
- lékové formy MeSH
- léky s prodlouženým účinkem MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- metabolismus sacharidů fyziologie MeSH
- nosiče léků * MeSH
- nutriční vědy MeSH
- potravinářská technologie MeSH
- povrchové vlastnosti MeSH
- příprava léků MeSH
- rozpustnost MeSH
- škrob * analogy a deriváty farmakokinetika fyziologie chemie izolace a purifikace klasifikace metabolismus terapeutické užití ultrastruktura MeSH
- tablety MeSH
- tobolky MeSH
- vztahy mezi strukturou a aktivitou MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Compared to other cereal or tuber starches, wheat starch shows mainly two different types of granules, the A-starch and B-starch, which are separated in starch processing. These types differ not only in size or shape but also in chemical structure of amylopectin, arrangement in granules, and lipid and protein contents. Chemical composition and structure of starch influence on physicochemical properties (specific surface, crystallinity, gelatinization characteristics) and functionality. Processing of B-starch (filtration, drying) is problematic for its small particles. Nevertheless, the challenge for other uses of B-starch has been taken up in designing new technological processes. Hence B-starch becomes a valuable raw material in other processes. Examples of its applications in enzymatic processes producing syrups, in modifications affording tailor-made starches, for flavour carriers, baking, extrusion and, last but not least, in biodegradable polymers are given.
V práci byl u silikonovýclh matric připravených adiční vulkanizací sledován vliv typu a formy plniva na farmaceutickou dostupnost nitrofurantoinu, na bobtnací parametr a síťovou hustotu silikonových matric. Studiu bylo podrobeno bobtnací plnivo Ultraamylopektin a osmoticky aktivní plnivo chlorid sodný ve formě prášku nebo granulátu s nitrofurantoinem. Z výsledků práce vyplývá, že nejvyšší farmaceutická dostupnost je dosažena u silikonových matric se zgranulovaným Ultraamylopektinem a s práškovým chloridem sodným. U tohoto vzorku došlo až k 52,4násobnému zvýšení farmaceutické dostupnosti, k 2,7násobnému zvýšení bobtnacího parametru a k 0,6 násobnému snížení síťové hustoty silikonové matrice.
The paper investigated the effects of the type and form of the filler on the pharmaceutical availability of nitrofurantion, on the swelling parameter and the cross-linking density of silicone matrices prepared by addition vulcanization. The study included the swelling filler Ultraamylopectm and the osmotically active filler sodium chloride in the form of powder or granulate with nitrofurantion. The results of the investigation show that the highest pharmaceutical availability is achieved in silicone matrices with granulated Ultraamylopectin and with powdered sodium chloride. In this sample, pharmaceutical availability was increased up to 52.4 times, the swelling parameter 2.7 times, and the cross-linking density of the silicone matrix was decreased 0.6 times.
- Klíčová slova
- ULTRAAMYLOPEKTIN,
- MeSH
- amylopektin MeSH
- biologická dostupnost MeSH
- chlorid sodný MeSH
- farmaceutické pomocné látky MeSH
- silikony MeSH
Dvě skupiny amylas charakterizovány svou činností dextrino- nebo sacharogenní. Dvě hlavní skupiny polysacharidů: amylosa a amylopektin. Účinek amylasy a amylopektin. Účinek amylasy alfa a beta na amylasu a amylopektin. Příprava sladu, plísňové amylasy, amylozpůsob, bakteriální amylasa a zcukřování kyselinami
