Pacemaker retrieval
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BACKGROUND: The growing use of leadless pacemaker (LP) technology requires safe and effective solutions for retrieving and removing these devices over the long term. OBJECTIVES: This study sought to evaluate retrieval and removal of an active helix-fixation LP studied in worldwide regulatory clinical trials. METHODS: Subjects enrolled in the LEADLESS II phase 1 investigational device exemption, LEADLESS Observational, or LEADLESS Japan trials with an attempted LP retrieval at least 6 weeks postimplantation were included. The retrieval success rate was evaluated for all attempted retrievals. Site-reported complications associated with LP retrievals were quantified, with the severity and relationship adjudicated by an independent clinical events committee. RESULTS: There were 1,423 successful LP implants and 234 chronic LP retrieval attempts in 233 subjects. The overall retrieval success rate was 87.6% (205 of 234 attempts). The most common reason for failed retrieval (86.2%, 25 of 29 attempts) was inability to access the LP docking button. The mean time from implantation to attempted retrieval was 3.2 years (range 0.2-9.0 years) and did not significantly influence the retrieval success (P = 0.71). The clinical events committee adjudicated 11 complications in 9 subjects as being retrieval related (3.9%, 9 of 233 subjects). CONCLUSIONS: The safety and efficacy of chronic LP retrieval of an active helix-fixation device was demonstrated in an international clinical trial setting, with implant durations up to 9 years.
- MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- kardiostimulátor * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odstranění implantátu * metody MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- multicentrická studie MeSH
AIMS: We report our single-centre experience of mid-term to long-term retrieval and reimplantation of a tine-based leadless pacemaker [Micra transcatheter pacing system (TPS)]. The TPS is a clinically effective alternative to transvenous single-chamber ventricular pacemakers. Whereas it is currently recommended to abandon the TPS at the end of device life, catheter-based retrieval may be favourable in specific scenarios. METHODS AND RESULTS: We report on nine consecutive patients with the implanted TPS who subsequently underwent transcatheter retrieval attempts. The retrieval system consists of the original TPS delivery catheter and an off-the-shelf single-loop 7 mm snare. The procedure was guided by fluoroscopy and intracardiac echocardiography. After an implantation duration of 3.1 ± 2.8 years (range 0.4-9.0), the overall retrieval success rate was 88.9% (8 of 9 patients). The mean procedure time was 89 ± 16 min, and the fluoroscopy time was 18.0 ± 6.6 min. No procedure-related adverse device events occurred. In the one unsuccessful retrieval, intracardiac echocardiography revealed that the TPS was partially embedded in the ventricular tissue surrounding the leadless pacemaker body in the right ventricle. After retrieval, three patients were reimplanted with a new TPS device. All implantations were successful without complications. CONCLUSION: A series of transvenous late retrievals of implanted TPS devices demonstrated safety and feasibility, followed by elective replacement with a new leadless pacing device or conventional transvenous pacing system. This provides a viable end-of-life management alternative to simple abandonment of this leadless pacemaker.
- MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- echokardiografie MeSH
- intervenční radiografie MeSH
- kardiostimulace umělá metody MeSH
- kardiostimulátor * MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odstranění implantátu * metody MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- srdeční katetrizace * metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- srdeční katétry MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The clinical utilization of leadless pacemakers (LPs) as an alternative to traditional transvenous pacemakers is likely to increase with the advent of dual-chamber LP systems. Since device retrieval to allow LP upgrade or replacement will become an important capability, the first such dual-chamber, helix-fixation LP system (Aveir DR; Abbott, Abbott Park, IL) was specifically designed to allow catheter-based retrieval. In this study, the preclinical performance and safety of retrieving chronically implanted dual-chamber LPs was evaluated. METHODS: Atrial and ventricular LPs were implanted in the right atrial appendage and right ventricular apex of 9 healthy ovine subjects. After ≈2 years, the LPs were retrieved using a dedicated transvenous retrieval catheter (Aveir Retrieval Catheter; Abbott) by snaring, docking, and unscrewing from the myocardium. Comprehensive necropsy/histopathology studies were conducted to evaluate device- and procedure-related outcomes. RESULTS: At a median of 1.9 years postimplant (range, 1.8-2.6), all 18 of 18 (100%) LPs were retrieved from 9 ovine subjects without complications. The median retrieval procedure duration for both LPs, from first-catheter-in to last-catheter-out, was 13.3 minutes (range, 2.5-36.4). Postretrieval, all right atrial, and right ventricular implant sites demonstrated minimal tissue disruption, with intact fibrous tissue limited to the distal device body. No significant device-related trauma, perforation, pericardial effusion, right heart or tricuspid valve injury, or chronic pulmonary thromboembolism were observed at necropsy. CONCLUSIONS: This preclinical study demonstrated the safe and effective retrieval of chronically implanted, helix-fixation, dual-chamber LP systems, paving the way for clinical studies of LP retrieval.
- MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- fibrilace síní * MeSH
- kardiostimulátor * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy MeSH
- ovce domácí MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- srdeční komory MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Cíle: Zpracování souboru konsekutivních pacientů podstupujících extrakci implantabilního elektronického kardiologického přístroje z jakékoliv indikace. Posouzení základních demografických dat, úspěšnosti extrakce, počtu komplikací a mortality v čase, určení prediktorů mortality. Metodologie: Do souboru byli zařazeni prospektivně všichni pacienti, u kterých byla provedena extrakce přístroje či elektrod v letech 2017-2020. Základními sledovanými parametry byly demografické údaje, stáří přístroje, typ přístroje, metoda extrakce a jednoměsíční a jednoroční mortalita, zjišťovaná telefonickým průzkumem. Výsledky: Celkem bylo zařazeno 172 pacientů, 59,3 % indikací k extrakci bylo z důvodu infekce systému. Úspěšnost extrakce (plná klinická i radiologická) dosáhla 92 %, jednoměsíční mortalita 6,4 %, jednoroční 14,5 %. Průměrné stáří zavedených systémů bylo 7,4 roku. Závěr: Perkutánní extrakce elektrod je etablovanou metodou, dosahující v našich podmínkách bezpečnosti i účinnosti srovnatelné s velkými evropskými centry. Nutnou podmínkou bezpečného provádění extrakcí je urgentní dostupnost kardiochirurga a dostatečný počet výkonů, zajišťující adekvátní trénink personálu.
Aims: Objective of this study is to register data and trends in population of patients indicated for lead extraction or complete system removal. Basic demographic data, extraction success rate as well as complications, mortality, and its predictors were collected. Methodology: Prospectively collected consequent patients indicated to lead extraction or system removal from our centre were included. Data regarding demography, device age, device type, extraction method and one month and one year mortality were collected. Outcomes: 172 patients were enrolled between years 2017-2020. 59.3% patients were indicated because of cardiac system infection. Success rate (full clinical and radiological) reached 92%, one month mortality 6.4%, one year mortality 14.5%. Explanted systems were 7.4 years old in average. Conclusion: Percutaneous lead extraction is an established method, which is in our conditions safe and effective as in large European centres. Urgent cardiac surgery availability as well as adequate number of performed procedures are necessary safety precautions.
- Klíčová slova
- endokarditida spojená s implantabilním přístrojem, extrakce elektrod, laserová extrakce,
- MeSH
- defibrilátory implantabilní * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- endokarditida etiologie MeSH
- kardiostimulátor * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odstranění implantátu * metody mortalita MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
BACKGROUND: Complications associated with transvenous pacemakers, specifically those involving the lead or subcutaneous pocket, may be avoided with leadless pacemakers (LPs). The safety and efficacy of single-chamber right ventricular LPs have been demonstrated, but their right atrium (RA) use poses new design constraints. OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the implant success, electrical performance, and safety of a novel RA LP design in benchtop and preclinical studies. METHODS: A new LP was designed with a dual-helix fixation mechanism specific to the RA anatomy. A 12-week preclinical ovine study was conducted to evaluate implant success, electrical performance, mechanical stability, and safety in vivo, with supporting benchtop measurements to quantify the mechanical forces needed for device retrieval and dislodgment. RESULTS: LPs were successfully implanted in all 10 ovine subjects with no complications. The pacing capture threshold improved significantly over time from implant to week 12 (1.1 ± 0.7 V vs 0.4 ± 0.2 V, P = .008). Sensing amplitudes and pacing impedances were stable from implant to week 12 (4.8 ± 1.8 mV vs 6.0 ± 1.9 mV, P = .160; and 393 ± 77 Ω vs 398 ± 65 Ω, P = .922, respectively). Gross pathology and microscopic histology revealed no adverse interactions and no evidence of device dislodgment or clinically significant myocardial perforation. Benchtop ex vivo porcine atrial tissue measurements revealed greater pull forces required to dislodge the LP vs transvenous active fixation lead (0.42 ± 0.18 lbf vs 0.29 ± 0.08 lbf, P = .020), and greater rotational forces required for deliberate extraction (0.28 ± 0.04 lbf vs 0.14 ± 0.07 lbf, P <.001). CONCLUSION: The novel atrial LP demonstrated successful implantation, with acceptable electrical performance, mechanical stability, and safety in a 12-week preclinical study.
- MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- kardiostimulace umělá MeSH
- kardiostimulátor * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lipopolysacharidy * MeSH
- ovce MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- protézy a implantáty MeSH
- srdeční síně MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
This is the first report of the management of a patient with cardiac resynchronization therapy using leadless biventricular pacing. Successful retrieval of a 4-year-old Micra transcatheter pacing system (TPS) and reimplantation of a new Micra TPS prevented device-to-device interactions from multiple pacing devices in the right ventricle. (Level of Difficulty: Advanced.).
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
OBJECTIVES: The authors report their single-center experience with the retrieval and replacement of long-term implanted leadless cardiac pacemakers (LPs) and the factors contributing to success. BACKGROUND: LPs are a clinically effective and safe alternative to standard transvenous pacemakers for single-chamber ventricular pacing. However, the feasibility of retrieving and replacing long-term implanted LPs is not well known. METHODS: A total of 34 patients with implanted Nanostim LPs (mean implantation duration 1,570 ± 479 days) subsequently underwent retrieval. On the basis of fluoroscopic imaging, the cohort was divided into 2 groups: those with remarkable swinging movement (SM) of the LP docking button (n = 25) and those without SM (n = 9). RESULTS: The overall LP retrieval success rate was 85% (n = 29). New leadless devices were implanted in 27 patients immediately after LP retrieval. No procedure-related adverse events occurred. The rate of successful LP retrieval was significantly higher in the SM group (25 of 25 [100%]) than in the no-SM group (4 of 9 [44%]) (p < 0.001), and fluoroscopy time during the retrieval procedure was shorter in the SM group (12.7 ± 8.6 min) than in the no-SM group (45.6 ± 19 min) (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrated the feasibility and safety of retrieval of long-term implanted LPs after a mean duration of 4 years. Retrieval was most successful in patients whose docking buttons exhibited significant SM.
- MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- fluoroskopie MeSH
- kardiostimulátor * škodlivé účinky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- protézy a implantáty MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Kardiostimulátory, implantabilní kardiovertery-defibrilátory a přístroje pro srdeční resynchronizační terapii jsou potenciálně život zachraňující léčbou u řady srdečních onemocnění, ale nejsou bez rizika. Nejvíce znepokojující je riziko infekce srdečních implantabilních elektronických zařízení (CIED), která je spojena s významnou morbiditou, zvýšenou nutností hospitalizace, zkrácením přežití a zvýšenými náklady na zdravotní péči. Doporučené preventivní postupy, jako je podávání intravenózních antibiotik před implantací, jsou dobře známy. Zůstávají nejasnosti ohledně úlohy různých preventivních, diagnostických a léčebných opatření, jako jsou kožní antiseptika, aplikace antibiotik do kapsy přístroje, antibakteriální obálky, prodloužené podávání antibiotik po implantaci a další. Doporučení týkající se použití nových alternativ implantabilních zařízení, u nichž se očekává, že budou méně náchylné k infekcím, a nových perorálních antikoagulancií jsou rovněž omezená, stejně jako definice minimálních požadavků na kvalitu péče implantačních center, erudice operatérů a počtu výkonů. Navíc chybí dokument o mezinárodním konsenzu ohledně léčby infekcí CIED. Rozpoznání těchto témat, šíření výsledků důležitých randomizovaných studií zaměřených na prevenci infekce CIED a pozorované rozdíly v řešení infekcí souvisejících s implantabilními přístroji, které byly zjištěny v celosvětovém průzkumu European Heart Rhythm Association, poskytlo silnou motivaci k vytvoření mezinárodního konsenzuálního dokumentu s použitím nejmodernějších poznatků vědy z roku 2019 týkajících se posuzování rizik, prevence, diagnostiky a léčby infekcí CIED.
Pacemakers, implantable cardiac defibrillators, and cardiac resynchronization therapy devices are potentially life- -saving treatments for a number of cardiac conditions, but are not without risk. Most concerning is the risk of a cardiac implantable electronic device (CIED) infection, which is associated with significant morbidity, increased hospitalizations, reduced survival, and increased healthcare costs. Recommended preventive strategies such as administration of intravenous antibiotics before implantation are well recognized. Uncertainties have remained about the role of various preventive, diagnostic, and treatment measures such as skin antiseptics, pocket antibiotic solutions, anti-bacterial envelopes, prolonged antibiotics post-implantation, and others. Guidance on whether to use novel device alternatives expected to be less prone to infections and novel oral anticoagulants is also limited, as are defi -nitions on minimum quality requirements for centres and operators and volumes. Moreover, an international con-sensus document on management of CIED infections is lacking. The recognition of these issues, the dissemination of results from important randomized trials focusing on prevention of CIED infections, and observed divergences in managing device-related infections as found in an European Heart Rhythm Association worldwide survey, provided a strong incentive for a 2019 International State-of-the-art Consensus document on risk assessment, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of CIED infections.
- Klíčová slova
- srdeční implantáty,
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky aplikace a dávkování klasifikace MeSH
- endokarditida diagnóza etiologie patofyziologie prevence a kontrola terapie MeSH
- implantované elektrody MeSH
- infekce * diagnóza etiologie patofyziologie terapie MeSH
- kardiologické zobrazovací techniky klasifikace MeSH
- kardiostimulátor MeSH
- kardiovaskulární chirurgické výkony škodlivé účinky MeSH
- kontrola infekčních nemocí metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odstranění implantátu metody ošetřování MeSH
- protézy a implantáty * MeSH
- replantace MeSH
- riziko MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
- srdce MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH