In 2019, a questionnaire was conducted among foreigners living in the Czech Republic focused on gambling, in which 110 respondents from Vietnam and 80 respondents from Ukraine answered. Firstly, the Attitudes towards gambling scale (ATGS-8) was used to discover respondents' attitudes to gambling. Secondly, their experience with gambling was examined with the help of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) which allowed, among others, to estimate the level of prevalence of problem gambling in these groups. The methods used allowed us to compare both the Ukrainians to Vietnamese as well as Ukrainians and Vietnamese to Czechs, as similar survey was conducted among the major population of the country in 2017. The overall score of attitudes to gambling is slightly higher for the citizens of Ukraine (17.97) and Vietnam (18.29) compared to the majority. The Vietnamese living in the Czech Republic also have a significantly higher proportion of people in the category of pathological gamblers as based on the PGSI index (Vietnamese 4.2%), whilst the value of this index for Ukrainians (0.7%) is similar to the one of the majority. The analysis of immigrants' gambling behaviour shows that Ukrainians are more like the majority population. The Vietnamese immigrants differ from both the majority population and Ukrainians in terms of attitudes whilst gambling is for them as common problem as alcohol consumption, and an even bigger problem than smoking.

• MeSH
• hráčství * psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH
• Vietnam MeSH

INTRODUCTION: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic differences between different Gleason patterns in patients with prostate cancer (PC) within Internal Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group 4 (GG 4). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: PUBMED and Scopus databases were searched for articles published prior to December 2019 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and surgical pathological outcomes in PC patients categorized as ISUP GG 4 (Gleason Score [GS] 4+4 vs. GS 3+5 or GS 5+3). Formal meta-analyses were performed for these outcomes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Ten studies with 42,041 patients were eligible for the systematic review and eight studies with 36,250 patients for meta-analysis. The treatment type of included study was three surgery and three radiotherapy. The other four studies included many kinds of treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, and chemotherapy. GS 4+4 was significantly associated with better OS (pooled hazard ratio (HR): 0.52, 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.29-0.91) than GS 3+5 or GS 5+3. Positive surgical margin rates were significantly lower with GS 4+4 than GS 3+5 and GS 5+3 (odds ratio [OR] 0.70/95% CI 0.64-0.77 and OR 0.70/95% CI 0.56-0.87, respectively). In contrast, different Gleason patterns in ISUP GG 4 were not significantly associated with CSS (pooled HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.56-1.06). CONCLUSIONS: GS 4+4 in patients with PC was associated with better OS and positive surgical margin rates. It seems likely that there is heterogeneity within ISUP GG 4. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting the conclusions drawn from this study, given the limitations of the study, which include the heterogeneity of the population of interest and the retrospective nature of the primary data evaluated.

• MeSH
• analýza přežití MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty diagnóza   patologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• stupeň nádoru * MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• metaanalýza MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH

Oxygen availability is one of the necessary prerequisites for normal embryonic development. In our previous study we found that quail embryos incubated under hypoxic conditions (16% O(2)) die at embryonic day (ED) 9 with signs of heart failure. By ED4 and ED6 we found thinner ventricular wall and increased capillary density. We thus hypothesized that the cause of death would lie in severe myocardial and coronary maldevelopment. ED6 and 7 hypoxic hearts had thinner ventricular wall, especially left. There was a simultaneous increase in capillary density, most pronounced in the interventricular septum. This site corresponds to an area of tissue hypoxia and ensuing increased angiogenesis, and also formation of ventricular conduction system. Hypoxia had a positive effect on normal sequence of maturation of the conduction system evaluated by optical mapping at ED7. In sections from ED9 hypoxic hearts we found, in addition to thinner ventricular walls, irregularities in development of coronary tree (missing coronary ostia, absence of one coronary artery, and irregular arterial wall). This deficiency was due to decreased myocyte proliferation rather than to increased apoptosis. By Indian ink injection through the left ventricle we found in normoxic hearts regular coronary branching pattern, while in the hypoxic ones there was often only an irregular plexus. Embryonic hypoxia thus leads to increased capillarity and trabeculation to minimize diffusion distance. In the subsequent period there is a failure in organization of vascular plexus into normal vasculature, resulting in thin compact myocardium that likely leads to heart failure and embryonic death.

• MeSH
• cévní endotel cytologie   MeSH
• Coturnix embryologie   MeSH
• embryo nesavčí patofyziologie   MeSH
• embryonální vývoj fyziologie   MeSH
• fenotyp MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• hypoxie patofyziologie   MeSH
• kapiláry embryologie   MeSH
• kardiomyocyty cytologie   MeSH
• koronární cévy embryologie   MeSH
• patologická angiogeneze embryologie   MeSH
• převodní systém srdeční embryologie   MeSH
• proliferace buněk MeSH
• srdce embryologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

• MeSH
• elektrodiagnostika metody   MeSH
• elektromyografie MeSH
• nemoci míchy diagnóza   MeSH
• nervové vedení fyziologie   MeSH
• nervový přenos fyziologie   MeSH
• neuromuskulární nemoci diagnóza   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• neurologie
• diagnostika
• NLK Publikační typ
• kolektivní monografie

Tato práce shrnuje zdravotní rizika videoher. K nim patří nezdravý životní styl s nedostatkem pohybu, onemocnění pohybového systému, obezita, virtuální nevolnost, zvýšené riziko úrazů a větší sklon riskovat, epilepsie, zhoršení interpersonálních vztahů a vyšší úzkost v sociálních vztazích, zvýšená agresivita a oslabení prosociálního chování. Tento výčet není úplný, lze např. předpokládat, že excesivní věnování se videohrám zvyšuje riziko problémů působených alkoholem a jinými látkami. Hraní počítačových her souviselo v populaci českých dospívajících s častějším konzumem alkoholických nápojů, zejména piva, destilátů nebo míchaných alkoholických nápojů, dále s častějším kouřením cigaret a kouřením marihuany. Objevila se i souvislost s rvačkami a šikanováním druhých a sníženou známkou z chování. V odborné literatuře se objevuje tendence řadit excesivní hraní videoher do blízkosti patologického hazardního hráčství, tedy mezi návykové a impulzivní poruchy.

The paper summarizes the health risks of videogames. They include the unhealthy lifestyle with the lack of exercise, diseases of locomotor system, obesity, virtual indisposition, increased risk of injuries and an enhanced inclination for risk, epilepsy, deterioration of interpersonal relations and a higher anxiety in social relations, enhanced aggressiveness and weakening of social-oriented behavior. This inventory is not complete, and we may expect that excessive engagement in videogames increases the risk of problems associated with alcohol and other drugs. Playing videogames was associated with a more frequent alcohol, especially beer, hard liquor or mixed alcoholic beverage consumption in the Czech adolescent population, as well as more frequent smoking of cigarettes and marijuana. There was also association with fights and bullying of other individuals and deteriorated behavior mark/rating at school. In professional literature there is a tendency to classify videogame playing closely to pathological gambling, ie to addictive and impulsive disorders.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• epilepsie etiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• hráčství psychologie   MeSH
• impulzivní poruchy etiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• obezita etiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• počítače trendy   MeSH
• poruchy sociálního chování etiologie   psychologie   MeSH
• životní styl MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Grade group (GG) 4 prostate cancer (PC) is considered a single entity; however, there are questions regarding prognostic heterogeneity. This study assessed the prognostic differences among various Gleason scores (GSs) classified as GG 4 PC on biopsy before radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study, and a total of 1791 patients (GS 3 + 5: 190; GS 4 + 4: 1557; and GS 5 + 3: 44) with biopsy GG 4 were included for analysis. Biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with high-risk surgical pathologic features. Cox regression models were used to analyze time-dependent oncologic endpoints. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 75 months, 750 patients (41.9%) experienced BCR, 146 (8.2%) died of any causes, and 57 (3.2%) died of PC. Biopsy GS 5 + 3 was associated with significantly higher rates of GS upgrading in RP specimens than GS 3 + 5 and GS 4 + 4. On multivariable analysis adjusted for clinicopathologic features, different GSs within GG 4 were significantly associated with BCR (p = 0.03) but not PC-specific or all-cause mortality. Study limitations include the lack of central pathological specimen evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GG 4 at biopsy exhibited some limited biological and clinical heterogeneity. Specifically, GS 5 + 3 had an increased risk of GS upgrading. This can help individualize patients' counseling and encourage further study to refine biopsy specimen-based GG classification.

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory prostaty * chirurgie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• prostatektomie * MeSH
• prostatický specifický antigen MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• stupeň nádoru MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH

PURPOSE: Epilepsy patients consider driving issues to be one of their most serious concerns. Ideally, decisions regarding fitness to drive should be based upon thorough evaluations by specialists in epilepsy care. In 2009, an EU directive was published aiming to harmonize evaluation practices within European countries, but, despite these recommendations, whether all epileptologists use the same criteria is unclear. We therefore conducted this study to investigate routine practices on how epileptologists at European epilepsy centers evaluate fitness to drive. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 63 contact persons identified through the European Epi-Care and the E-pilepsy network. The questionnaire addressed how fitness-to-drive evaluations were conducted, the involvement of different professionals, the use and interpretation of EEG, and opinions on existing regulations and guidelines. RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 35 participants (56 % response rate). Results showed considerable variation regarding test routines and the emphasis placed on the occurrence and extent of epileptiform discharges revealed by EEG. 82 % of the responders agreed that there was a need for more research on how to better evaluate fitness-to-drive in people with epilepsy, and 89 % agreed that regulations on fitness to drive evaluations should be internationally coordinated. CONCLUSION: Our survey showed considerable variations among European epileptologists regarding use of EEG and how findings of EEG pathology should be assessed in fitness-to-drive evaluations. There is a clear need for more research on this issue and international guidelines on how such evaluations should be carried out would be of value.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• epilepsie epidemiologie   MeSH
• lékařská praxe - způsoby provádění statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neurologové statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
• posuzování pracovní neschopnosti * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• řízení motorových vozidel zákonodárství a právo   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa MeSH

Ve druhé části článek pojednává o zásadách výživy psů a koček s kardiovaskulárním onemocněním a zabývá se hlavními principy nutričního managementu. K významným dietním opatřením patří úprava klíčových minerálních látek, které ovlivňují činnost srdce i rozvoj kompenzačních změn provázejících srdeční selhání. A v neposlední řadě také dotace některých látek, které se mohou podílet na zmírnění patologických procesů a zlepšení funkce srdce. Jedná se především o n-3 mastné kyseliny, taurin a L-karnitin. Článek se zabývá také rizikovými faktory ve výživě, jež mohou přispět k rozvoji dilatační kardiomyopatie.

The second part of the article discusses the principles of nutrition for dogs and cats with cardiovascular disease and deals with the main principles of nutrient management. Important steps in diet include the alteration of key minerals that affect heart activity and the development of compensatory changes accompanying heart failure. And last but not least, supplementation of some sub-stances that may contribute to alleviating pathological processes and improving heart function. These are mainly n-3 fatty acids, taurine and L-carnitine. The article also deals with risk factors in nutrition that may contribute to the development of dilated cardiomyopathy.

• MeSH
• chloridy fyziologie   MeSH
• dieta klasifikace   veterinární   MeSH
• dilatační kardiomyopatie dietoterapie   etiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• fyziologie výživy zvířat MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * dietoterapie   etiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• karnitin aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   krev   nedostatek   MeSH
• kočky MeSH
• mastné kyseliny aplikace a dávkování   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny MeSH
• psi MeSH
• sodík aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   MeSH
• taurin aplikace a dávkování   biosyntéza   krev   metabolismus   nedostatek   MeSH
• živiny * aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   klasifikace   krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kočky MeSH
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH

BACKGROUND: Several histopathologic variants of cutaneous leiomyomas have been recognized. In our consultation dermatopathology practice, we encountered a variant of cutaneous leiomyoma which, to our knowledge, has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: We report 3 cases of vascular leiomyomas, all of them manifesting prominent intratumoral calcifications dominating over the residuum of the tumors and occurring on the acral sites. METHODS: We conducted a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study, which is complemented by a literature review. RESULTS: All 3 patients were women ranging in age from 57 to 72 years. Each presented clinically with a slowly growing, firm mass. The lesion was painful in two cases. None of the patients had renal disease or endocrine abnormalities. Microscopically, the lesions were a well-circumscribed, non-encapsulated neoplasm composed of mature smooth muscle cells and vascular pattern, which was inconspicuous, but focally dilated blood vessels were present. In all cases, prominent calcifications were present. Immunohistochemically the spindle cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. LIMITATIONS: This study utilizes tissue specimens that all came as consultations; therefore, some inherent selection bias exists. CONCLUSION: Acral calcified vascular leiomyoma is a rare clinicopathological variant of leiomyoma which has predilection for acral sites and shows massive calcifications prevailing over the tumor itself.

• MeSH
• angiomyom patologie   MeSH
• kalcinóza patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory kůže patologie   MeSH
• nemoci nohy (od hlezna dolů) patologie   MeSH
• pata MeSH
• prsty ruky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

The aim of the article is to contribute to an understanding of the attitudes of post-communist Europe's inhabitants towards gambling, and of their opinions concerning which activities can be regarded as gambling. The Attitudes Towards Gambling Scale (ATGS-8) questionnaire was used in the survey, ensuring the international comparability of the results. For the subsequent in-depth analysis of attitudes we mainly used multidimensional statistical methods. The survey, conducted in 2017, had 1092 respondents. The least negative attitudes to gambling were found in the younger age groups, while the attitudes of senior citizens were the most negative. Concerning participation in gambling, 68.4% of the respondents had taken part in at least one of the range of gambling activities offered as choices. Participation in gambling is an important factor influencing the overall attitude of the respondents to gambling. Of equal importance was the range of intensity in their perceptions of which games can be considered to be gambling, with four similarly perceived types of gambling identified. The research shows that gambling is perceived negatively by the population of the Czech Republic. The explanation may be found in the substantial media coverage of gambling related to changes in the legislation and the tightening of restrictions.

• MeSH
• hráčství psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• návykové chování psychologie   MeSH
• postoj ke zdraví * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• veřejné mínění MeSH
• životní styl * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH