In 2019, a questionnaire was conducted among foreigners living in the Czech Republic focused on gambling, in which 110 respondents from Vietnam and 80 respondents from Ukraine answered. Firstly, the Attitudes towards gambling scale (ATGS-8) was used to discover respondents' attitudes to gambling. Secondly, their experience with gambling was examined with the help of the Problem Gambling Severity Index (PGSI) which allowed, among others, to estimate the level of prevalence of problem gambling in these groups. The methods used allowed us to compare both the Ukrainians to Vietnamese as well as Ukrainians and Vietnamese to Czechs, as similar survey was conducted among the major population of the country in 2017. The overall score of attitudes to gambling is slightly higher for the citizens of Ukraine (17.97) and Vietnam (18.29) compared to the majority. The Vietnamese living in the Czech Republic also have a significantly higher proportion of people in the category of pathological gamblers as based on the PGSI index (Vietnamese 4.2%), whilst the value of this index for Ukrainians (0.7%) is similar to the one of the majority. The analysis of immigrants' gambling behaviour shows that Ukrainians are more like the majority population. The Vietnamese immigrants differ from both the majority population and Ukrainians in terms of attitudes whilst gambling is for them as common problem as alcohol consumption, and an even bigger problem than smoking.

• MeSH
• Gambling * psychology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH
• Ukraine MeSH
• Vietnam MeSH

INTRODUCTION: This systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to assess the prognostic differences between different Gleason patterns in patients with prostate cancer (PC) within Internal Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) grade group 4 (GG 4). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: PUBMED and Scopus databases were searched for articles published prior to December 2019 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis statement. Studies were deemed eligible if they compared overall survival (OS), cancer-specific survival (CSS), and surgical pathological outcomes in PC patients categorized as ISUP GG 4 (Gleason Score [GS] 4+4 vs. GS 3+5 or GS 5+3). Formal meta-analyses were performed for these outcomes. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS: Ten studies with 42,041 patients were eligible for the systematic review and eight studies with 36,250 patients for meta-analysis. The treatment type of included study was three surgery and three radiotherapy. The other four studies included many kinds of treatments such as surgery, radiotherapy, androgen deprivation therapy, and chemotherapy. GS 4+4 was significantly associated with better OS (pooled hazard ratio (HR): 0.52, 95% confidential interval (CI): 0.29-0.91) than GS 3+5 or GS 5+3. Positive surgical margin rates were significantly lower with GS 4+4 than GS 3+5 and GS 5+3 (odds ratio [OR] 0.70/95% CI 0.64-0.77 and OR 0.70/95% CI 0.56-0.87, respectively). In contrast, different Gleason patterns in ISUP GG 4 were not significantly associated with CSS (pooled HR: 0.77, 95% CI: 0.56-1.06). CONCLUSIONS: GS 4+4 in patients with PC was associated with better OS and positive surgical margin rates. It seems likely that there is heterogeneity within ISUP GG 4. However, caution should be exercised in interpreting the conclusions drawn from this study, given the limitations of the study, which include the heterogeneity of the population of interest and the retrospective nature of the primary data evaluated.

• MeSH
• Survival Analysis MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prostatic Neoplasms diagnosis   pathology   MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Neoplasm Grading * MeSH
• Treatment Outcome MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Meta-Analysis MeSH
• Systematic Review MeSH

Oxygen availability is one of the necessary prerequisites for normal embryonic development. In our previous study we found that quail embryos incubated under hypoxic conditions (16% O(2)) die at embryonic day (ED) 9 with signs of heart failure. By ED4 and ED6 we found thinner ventricular wall and increased capillary density. We thus hypothesized that the cause of death would lie in severe myocardial and coronary maldevelopment. ED6 and 7 hypoxic hearts had thinner ventricular wall, especially left. There was a simultaneous increase in capillary density, most pronounced in the interventricular septum. This site corresponds to an area of tissue hypoxia and ensuing increased angiogenesis, and also formation of ventricular conduction system. Hypoxia had a positive effect on normal sequence of maturation of the conduction system evaluated by optical mapping at ED7. In sections from ED9 hypoxic hearts we found, in addition to thinner ventricular walls, irregularities in development of coronary tree (missing coronary ostia, absence of one coronary artery, and irregular arterial wall). This deficiency was due to decreased myocyte proliferation rather than to increased apoptosis. By Indian ink injection through the left ventricle we found in normoxic hearts regular coronary branching pattern, while in the hypoxic ones there was often only an irregular plexus. Embryonic hypoxia thus leads to increased capillarity and trabeculation to minimize diffusion distance. In the subsequent period there is a failure in organization of vascular plexus into normal vasculature, resulting in thin compact myocardium that likely leads to heart failure and embryonic death.

• MeSH
• Endothelium, Vascular cytology   MeSH
• Coturnix embryology   MeSH
• Embryo, Nonmammalian physiopathology   MeSH
• Embryonic Development physiology   MeSH
• Phenotype MeSH
• Financing, Organized MeSH
• Hypoxia physiopathology   MeSH
• Capillaries embryology   MeSH
• Myocytes, Cardiac cytology   MeSH
• Coronary Vessels embryology   MeSH
• Neovascularization, Pathologic embryology   MeSH
• Heart Conduction System embryology   MeSH
• Cell Proliferation MeSH
• Heart embryology   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH

• MeSH
• Electrodiagnosis methods   MeSH
• Electromyography MeSH
• Spinal Cord Diseases diagnosis   MeSH
• Neural Conduction physiology   MeSH
• Synaptic Transmission physiology   MeSH
• Neuromuscular Diseases diagnosis   MeSH

• Conspectus
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NML Fields
• neurologie
• diagnostika
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

PURPOSE: Epilepsy patients consider driving issues to be one of their most serious concerns. Ideally, decisions regarding fitness to drive should be based upon thorough evaluations by specialists in epilepsy care. In 2009, an EU directive was published aiming to harmonize evaluation practices within European countries, but, despite these recommendations, whether all epileptologists use the same criteria is unclear. We therefore conducted this study to investigate routine practices on how epileptologists at European epilepsy centers evaluate fitness to drive. METHODS: A questionnaire was sent to 63 contact persons identified through the European Epi-Care and the E-pilepsy network. The questionnaire addressed how fitness-to-drive evaluations were conducted, the involvement of different professionals, the use and interpretation of EEG, and opinions on existing regulations and guidelines. RESULTS: The questionnaire was completed by 35 participants (56 % response rate). Results showed considerable variation regarding test routines and the emphasis placed on the occurrence and extent of epileptiform discharges revealed by EEG. 82 % of the responders agreed that there was a need for more research on how to better evaluate fitness-to-drive in people with epilepsy, and 89 % agreed that regulations on fitness to drive evaluations should be internationally coordinated. CONCLUSION: Our survey showed considerable variations among European epileptologists regarding use of EEG and how findings of EEG pathology should be assessed in fitness-to-drive evaluations. There is a clear need for more research on this issue and international guidelines on how such evaluations should be carried out would be of value.

• MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Electroencephalography MeSH
• Epilepsy epidemiology   MeSH
• Practice Patterns, Physicians' statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Neurologists statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Attitude of Health Personnel * MeSH
• Disability Evaluation * MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Automobile Driving legislation & jurisprudence   statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

BACKGROUND: Grade group (GG) 4 prostate cancer (PC) is considered a single entity; however, there are questions regarding prognostic heterogeneity. This study assessed the prognostic differences among various Gleason scores (GSs) classified as GG 4 PC on biopsy before radical prostatectomy (RP). METHODS: We conducted a multicenter retrospective study, and a total of 1791 patients (GS 3 + 5: 190; GS 4 + 4: 1557; and GS 5 + 3: 44) with biopsy GG 4 were included for analysis. Biochemical recurrence (BCR)-free survival, cancer-specific survival, and overall survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method and the log-rank test. Logistic regression analysis was performed to identify factors associated with high-risk surgical pathologic features. Cox regression models were used to analyze time-dependent oncologic endpoints. RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 75 months, 750 patients (41.9%) experienced BCR, 146 (8.2%) died of any causes, and 57 (3.2%) died of PC. Biopsy GS 5 + 3 was associated with significantly higher rates of GS upgrading in RP specimens than GS 3 + 5 and GS 4 + 4. On multivariable analysis adjusted for clinicopathologic features, different GSs within GG 4 were significantly associated with BCR (p = 0.03) but not PC-specific or all-cause mortality. Study limitations include the lack of central pathological specimen evaluation. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with GG 4 at biopsy exhibited some limited biological and clinical heterogeneity. Specifically, GS 5 + 3 had an increased risk of GS upgrading. This can help individualize patients' counseling and encourage further study to refine biopsy specimen-based GG classification.

• MeSH
• Biopsy MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Prostatic Neoplasms * surgery   MeSH
• Prognosis MeSH
• Prostatectomy * MeSH
• Prostate-Specific Antigen MeSH
• Retrospective Studies MeSH
• Neoplasm Grading MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Multicenter Study MeSH

BACKGROUND: Several histopathologic variants of cutaneous leiomyomas have been recognized. In our consultation dermatopathology practice, we encountered a variant of cutaneous leiomyoma which, to our knowledge, has not been reported. OBJECTIVE: We report 3 cases of vascular leiomyomas, all of them manifesting prominent intratumoral calcifications dominating over the residuum of the tumors and occurring on the acral sites. METHODS: We conducted a clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study, which is complemented by a literature review. RESULTS: All 3 patients were women ranging in age from 57 to 72 years. Each presented clinically with a slowly growing, firm mass. The lesion was painful in two cases. None of the patients had renal disease or endocrine abnormalities. Microscopically, the lesions were a well-circumscribed, non-encapsulated neoplasm composed of mature smooth muscle cells and vascular pattern, which was inconspicuous, but focally dilated blood vessels were present. In all cases, prominent calcifications were present. Immunohistochemically the spindle cells were positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. LIMITATIONS: This study utilizes tissue specimens that all came as consultations; therefore, some inherent selection bias exists. CONCLUSION: Acral calcified vascular leiomyoma is a rare clinicopathological variant of leiomyoma which has predilection for acral sites and shows massive calcifications prevailing over the tumor itself.

• MeSH
• Angiomyoma pathology   MeSH
• Calcinosis pathology   MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Skin Neoplasms pathology   MeSH
• Foot Diseases pathology   MeSH
• Heel MeSH
• Fingers MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Check Tag
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Aged MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Case Reports MeSH

Angiogenesis is a potential prognostic factor in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Elevated circulating levels of angiogenic factors in CLL have been repeatedly reported. Nevertheless, the issue of bone marrow neovascularization in CLL remains controversial, partly due to limited number of published studies, different methods of assessing microvessel density (MVD) and small patient cohorts. Moreover, there are very scarce data regarding the relationship of marrow angiogenesis to prognostic markers in CLL. Our objectives were: 1. To assess bone marrow MVD in CLL using two different monoclonal antibodies and a reproducible method of MVD quantification; 2. To examine the possible association of marrow MVD and clinical course, pattern of marrow infiltration, Rai stage, cytogenetic abnormalities detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and mutation status of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (IgVH). MVD was higher using CD34 vs vWF antibody (p<0.0001). However, no MVD differences were detected between CLL subgroups subdivided according to the above-mentioned prognostic factors. In conclusion, MVD assessment using anti-CD34 resulted in higher MVD counts than when using anti-vWF antibody. No association of MVD with any prognostic factors was observed, possibly due to the limited patient cohort. As the need for bone marrow trephine biopsies in CLL is significantly decreasing, a standardized method of neovascularization assessment is required to enable possible multicentre studies in order to conduct larger investigations and thereby shed more light on the real clinical significance of bone marrow angiogenesis in CLL.

• MeSH
• Antigens, CD34 analysis   MeSH
• Endothelium, Vascular immunology   pathology   MeSH
• Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell pathology   MeSH
• In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence MeSH
• Immunohistochemistry MeSH
• Bone Marrow blood supply   pathology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microvessels immunology   pathology   MeSH
• Antibodies, Monoclonal immunology   MeSH
• Biomarkers, Tumor analysis   MeSH
• Neovascularization, Pathologic diagnosis   MeSH
• Neoplasm Staging MeSH
• von Willebrand Factor analysis   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Comparative Study MeSH

V súčasnosti už nadpolovičná väčšina slovenskej a českej dospelej populácie hrá digitálne hry či už na mobilných zariadeniach, PC alebo hernej konzole. Malá časť z týchto hráčov hrajúcich nadmerne si vytvorí patologický vzorec hrania, v klasifikačnom systéme DSM-5 zvaný ako porucha v dôsledku hrania internetových hier a v novšom ICD-11 ako porucha v dôsledku hrania. Vo svete bolo od roku 2013, vychádzajúc z týchto dvoch systémov, zatiaľ publikovaných 17 skríningových nástrojov v anglickom jazyku. Cieľ: Nakoľko v slovenskom alebo českom jazyku nie je dostupný ani jeden nástroj, cieľom bolo adaptovať dotazníky IGDT-10 a GDT a štruktúrovaný klinický rozhovor SCI-IGD do slovenského jazyka, predbežne odhadnúť ich diagnostickú presnosť (špecificitu a senzitivitu), reliabilitu; a opísať skúsenosti s ich používaním. Materiál a metóda: Výskumnú vzorku tvorilo 43 hráčov hrajúcich digitálne hry minimálne 20 hodín za týždeň. Klinický rozhovor SCI-IGD bol realizovaný iba na podvzorke 15 hráčov, ktorí hrali denne digitálne hry v priemere 5,47 hodiny. Výsledky: Obidva dotazníky produkovali reliabilné dáta (wt =0,79 a 0,83) a ich senzitivita bola 50 % pre IGDT-10 a 25 % pre GDT. Špecificita obidvoch dotazníkov bola zhodne 100 %. Záver: Vzhľadom k veľkosti vzorky je potrebné považovať výsledky prinajlepšom za predbežné. Potreba ich replikácie je v tomto prípade nevyhnutná. Väčší počet kritérií v DSM-5 zrejme výrazne zvyšuje senzitivitu, avšak na druhú stranu je potrebné povedať, že cieľom WHO bolo znižovaním počtu kritérií zrejme zvyšovať špecificitu, teda redukovať množstvo falošne pozitívnych osôb aj za cenu znižovania senzitivity, keďže práve nízka špecificita nie senzitivita by mohla byť problematickým aspektom v rámci skríningu. Klady a zápory slovenských verzií dotazníkov IGDT-10 a GDT a rozhovoru SCI-IGD sú diskutované v texte príspevku.

The majority of the Slovak and Czech adult population play digital games, be it on a smartphone, tablet, PC, or gaming console. A small proportion of the gamers will develop a pathological gaming pattern. Pathological gaming has already been recognized by both DSM-5 (Internet Gaming Disorder) and ICD-11 (Gaming Disorder). Since 2013, 17 screening instruments based on either of these two classifications have been published in English. Objective: The aim of this study was to adapt the IGDT-10 and the GDT questionnaires and also the structured clinical interview SCI-IGD to the Slovak language, as neither of those has been available in Slovak or Czech, to preliminarily estimate their diagnostic accuracy (specificity and sensitivity), reliability, and to describe experiences with their use. Method: The sample consisted of 43 gamers that play digital games for at least 20 hours per week. The clinical interview SCI-IGD was conducted only on a subsample of 15 players, who played digital games for an average of 5.5 hours per day. Results: Both questionnaires produced reliable data (wt = 0.79 and 0.83) with their sensitivity being 67% and 57% for IGDT-10 and GDT, respectively. The specificity of both questionnaires was 100%. Conclusion: Given the sample size, the results should be considered as preliminary at best and further replication is needed. A larger number of criteria in DSM-5 probably significantly increases sensitivity, but on the other hand, it must be said that the goal of WHO with reduction of the number of criteria was probably to increase specificity, i.e. to reduce false positives even at the cost of reducing sensitivity, as low specificity could be a problematic aspect of screening. Pros and cons of the Slovak versions of the IGDT-10 and GDT questionnaires as well as the SCI-IGD interview are discussed in the paper.

• MeSH
• Play and Playthings psychology   MeSH
• Gambling MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Behavior, Addictive MeSH
• Internet Addiction Disorder MeSH
• Computers * MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Accurate identification and analysis of signs of trauma on human bone is one of the mainstays of forensic pathology. However, when a forensic pathologist has to deal with charred remains, the task become extremely difficult, because tissues are subjected to severe morphological alterations and their assessment can be critically distorted. We analyzed 38 individuals with peri-mortem skull fractures due to falls from height (17 cases), traffic accidents (16 cases), gunshots wounds (5 cases), of which we had the demographic and clinical data and the autopsy report with the description and photographic records of the fracture lines. After autopsy, the bodies were cremated in gas furnaces and the analysis of cremated cranial remains was conducted in order to verify if it was possible to reconstruct the original peri-mortem fractures and verify differences between known peri-mortem and post-mortem fractures. After 90 min and exposure to temperatures up to 1280 °C, in less than a third of cases (11-29%) the original peri-mortem fracture pattern could be found and reconstructed. The edges and the surface of the fractures can preserve their proper morphology, or they can be affected by post-mortem heat-induced fractures and deformations. Interestingly whenever peri-mortem fracture margins showed the evidence of yellow/brownish colouration, a matte appearance was observed, much different from post-mortem fractures, which may provide further food for thought for the identification of peri-mortem fractures after the cremation process.

• MeSH
• Skull Fractures etiology   pathology   MeSH
• Cremation * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Autopsy MeSH
• Postmortem Changes * MeSH
• Forensic Pathology methods   MeSH
• Body Remains pathology   MeSH
• Hot Temperature * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH