Polyplax Dotaz Zobrazit nápovědu
The adult male and female of Polyplax guatemalensis sp. n. are described from the sigmodontine murid rodent Peromyscus grandis Goodwin collected in the Reserva de Biosfera, Sierra de las Minas, Guatemala, at an elevation of 2,200 m. The new species extends the number of known native species of Polyplax in the New World to four with none of them recorded south of Panama. Polyplax guatemalensis is morphologically most closely related to Polyplax auricularis which parasitises a cluster of closely related New World sigmodontine rodents from Canada to Panama. These two species can be distinguished from all other known species of Polyplax by the presence of partially overlapping, subtriangular, anterior abdominal plates in both sexes. Polyplax guatemalensis can be separated from P. auricularis by the abundant tergal abdominal setae and longer pseudopenis in males, and by the presence of one fewer anterior abdominal, subtriangular tergite and sternite in females.
- MeSH
- Anoplura anatomie a histologie klasifikace MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- křeček rodu Peromyscus parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S. MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Guatemala MeSH
Legionellaceae are intracellular bacteria known as important human pathogens. In the environment, they are mainly found in biofilms associated with amoebas. In contrast to the gammaproteobacterial family Enterobacteriaceae, which established a broad spectrum of symbioses with many insect taxa, the only instance of legionella-like symbiont has been reported from lice of the genus Polyplax. Here, we sequenced the complete genome of this symbiont and compared its main characteristics to other Legionella species and insect symbionts. Based on rigorous multigene phylogenetic analyses, we confirm this bacterium as a member of the genus Legionella and propose the name Candidatus Legionella polyplacis, sp.n. We show that the genome of Ca. Legionella polyplacis underwent massive degeneration, including considerable size reduction (529.746 bp, 484 protein coding genes) and a severe decrease in GC content (23%). We identify several possible constraints underlying the evolution of this bacterium. On one hand, Ca. Legionella polyplacis and the louse symbionts Riesia and Puchtella experienced convergent evolution, perhaps due to adaptation to similar hosts. On the other hand, some metabolic differences are likely to reflect different phylogenetic positions of the symbionts and hence availability of particular metabolic function in the ancestor. This is exemplified by different arrangements of thiamine metabolism in Ca. Legionella polyplacis and Riesia. Finally, horizontal gene transfer is shown to play a significant role in the adaptive and diversification process. Particularly, we show that Ca. L. polyplacis horizontally acquired a complete biotin operon (bioADCHFB) that likely assisted this bacterium when becoming an obligate mutualist.
- MeSH
- Anoplura genetika mikrobiologie MeSH
- fyziologická adaptace MeSH
- genom bakteriální genetika MeSH
- koevoluce MeSH
- Legionella klasifikace genetika fyziologie MeSH
- molekulární evoluce * MeSH
- přenos genů horizontální MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- symbióza MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Number and relative molecular weights of proteins in whole body homogenates of the louse, Polyplax spinulosa were determined using SDS-PAGE. 13 protein components from the total of 28 bands were defined as Con A binding glycoproteins. In immunoblotting sera of lice infested laboratory rats of BN strain specifically recognized 3 major protein components with r.m.w. of 77,000, 105,000 and 230,000 Da and from 6 to 8 minor protein components with r.m.w. of 31,000-180,000 Da.
- MeSH
- antigeny chemie imunologie MeSH
- chromatografie afinitní MeSH
- elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
- imunoblotting MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- molekulová hmotnost MeSH
- Phthiraptera imunologie MeSH
- proteiny chemie imunologie MeSH
- zavšivení imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The degree and duration of Polyplax spinulosa Burm. infestation depend on the sex, age and genetic factors of the host. Various rat strains differ in the severity of lousiness. Host grooming is an important factor in the rat-louse relationship. After longlasting infestations rats become partially resistant. Serum antibody level depends mainly on the severity and the duration of the infestation, and follows the dynamics of louse population. Serum antibodies have no direct negative effect on lice.
- MeSH
- ivermektin terapeutické užití MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci hlodavců genetika imunologie parazitologie MeSH
- péče o zevnějšek u zvířat * MeSH
- Phthiraptera imunologie MeSH
- potkani inbrední BN parazitologie MeSH
- potkani inbrední LEW parazitologie MeSH
- protilátky krev MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- tvorba protilátek genetika MeSH
- zavšivení genetika imunologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus parazitologie MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Polymorphic microsatellite loci were characterised for two louse species, the anopluran Polyplax serrata Burmeister, 1839, parasitising Eurasian field mice of the genus Apodemus Kaup, and the amblyceran Myrsidea nesomimi Palma et Price, 2010, found on mocking birds endemic to the Galápagos Islands. Evolutionary histories of the two parasites show complex patterns influenced both by their geographic distribution and through coevolution with their respective hosts, which renders them prospective evolutionary models. In P. serrata, 16 polymorphic loci were characterised and screened across 72 individuals from four European populations that belong to two sympatric mitochondrial lineages differing in their breadth of host-specificity. In M. nesomimi, 66 individuals from three island populations and two host species were genotyped for 15 polymorphic loci. The observed heterozygosity varied from 0.05 to 0.9 in P. serrata and from 0.0 to 0.96 in M. nesomimi. Deviations from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were frequently observed in the populations of both parasites. Fst distances between tested populations correspond with previous phylogenetic data, suggesting the microsatellite loci are an informative resource for ecological and evolutionary studies of the two parasites.
- Klíčová slova
- polymorfismus,
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- genotypizační techniky MeSH
- heterozygot MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- koevoluce MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice MeSH
- Murinae parazitologie MeSH
- oligonukleotidy MeSH
- Passeriformes parazitologie MeSH
- Phthiraptera * klasifikace MeSH
- polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
- populační genetika metody MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Ekvádor MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
- MeSH
- feces chemie MeSH
- fluorescenční protilátková technika MeSH
- gastrointestinální trakt anatomie a histologie chemie MeSH
- glykoproteiny izolace a purifikace MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- Phthiraptera anatomie a histologie imunologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
První české vydání 24 nečíslovaných stran : barevné ilustrace ; 24 cm
- Konspekt
- Francouzská próza, francouzsky psaná
- Literatura pro děti a mládež (beletrie)
- NLK Obory
- humanitní vědy a umění
- NLK Publikační typ
- literatura pro děti a mládež
