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Hygiena a zdravotní nezávadnost potravin : pro posluchače FAPPZ

Killer, Jiří
Autor Autorita ORCID
Kmeť, Vladimír, 1951-
Autor Autorita ORCID
Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze. Katedra mikrobiologie, výživy a dietetiky
Autor Autorita

Praha : Česká zemědělská univerzita v Praze, 2019

Vydání první 90 stran : ilustrace, tabulky ; 30 cm

Článek online

Developmental changes in gut microbiota and enzyme activity predict obesity risk in rats arising from reduced nests

Physiological research. 2011 ; 60 (2) : 337-346.

Medvik
Zdroj

Článek

Development of gut microflora in obese and lean rats

Folia microbiologica. 2010 ; 55 (4) : 373-375.

Medvik
Zdroj

The influence was evaluated of post-weaning normal nutrition and over-nutrition upon the development of the intestinal microbiota, the alkaline phosphatase activity (AP) and occurrence of obesity in male Sprague-Dawley rats (from days 21 to 40 the control rats were submitted to ad libitum intake of a standard laboratory diet whereas overfed rats received the same diet supplemented with milk-based high fat liquid diet). The jejunal numbers of two dominant divisions of bacteria, i.e. Firmicutes (Lactobacillus/ Enterococcus--LAB) and the Bacteroidetes (Bacteroides/Prevotella--BAC), were determined using the fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) method, and the jejunal AP activity was assayed histochemically. On day 40, the overfed rats in comparison with control animals displayed increased adiposity accompanied by enhanced AP activity, abundance of LAB, lower amounts of BAC and, thereafter, higher LAB/BAC ratio (L/B). The numbers of LAB and L/B index positively correlated with body fat, energy intake and AP activity, whereas numbers of BAC showed an opposite tendency. These results revealed the significance of nutritional imprint upon the post-weaning development of intestinal microbial and functional axis and contribute to better understanding of their involvement in energy-balance control and in adverse and/or positive regulation of adiposity.

MeSH
alkalická fosfatasa metabolismus MeSH
Bacteroidetes izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
biodiverzita MeSH
dieta MeSH
financování organizované MeSH
grampozitivní bakterie izolace a purifikace klasifikace MeSH
histocytochemie MeSH
hybridizace in situ fluorescenční MeSH
jejunum enzymologie mikrobiologie MeSH
krysa rodu rattus MeSH
obezita mikrobiologie MeSH
potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
krysa rodu rattus MeSH
mužské pohlaví MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Publikační typ
srovnávací studie MeSH

Článek

Antibiotic resistance in commensal intestinal microflora

Folia microbiologica. 2010 ; 55 (4) : 332-335.

Medvik
Zdroj

The susceptibility toward antibiotics was determined by disc and MIC methods in Lactobacillus and, for comparison, in Escherichia coli strains isolated from cloacal swabs of broiler chickens derived from various farms in Slovakia. The occurrence of acquired tetracycline resistance in E. coli and lactobacilli isolated from the same sample was similar. The presence of tet(M), tet(S), tet(L) and ermB genes was demonstrated in lactobacilli while the tet(M) gene was not detected in E. coli.

MeSH
antibakteriální látky farmakologie MeSH
bakteriální geny MeSH
bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
Escherichia coli izolace a purifikace účinky léků MeSH
financování organizované MeSH
kloaka mikrobiologie MeSH
kur domácí MeSH
Lactobacillus izolace a purifikace účinky léků MeSH
mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
zvířata MeSH
Check Tag
zvířata MeSH
Geografické názvy
Slovenská republika MeSH

Článek

High level of quinolone resistance in Escherichia coli from healthy chicken broilers

Folia microbiologica. 2010 ; 55 (1) : 79-82.

Medvik
Zdroj

The development of resistance to quinolones (nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin and enrofloxacin) in 2006-2008 was evaluated in 317 strains of Escherichia coli isolated from healthy chicken broilers from various farms. The isolates (2006/2007/2008) showed a high resistance to nalidixic acid (87/85/67 %), ciprofloxacin (CIP) (49/54/29 %) and enrofloxacin (ENR) (52/42/22 %). Nalidixic acid-resistant isolates with low level of MIC for CIP and ENR represented a single mutation; intermediary MIC for CIP and ENR were related to two mutations and high level resistance MIC for CIP (> or =4 mg/L) and ENR (> or =16 mg/L) represented three mutations (two in gyrA and one in parC). There was a correlation between the phenotype reading of high-level resistance and mutations in gyrA (Ser83Leu, Asp87Tyr or Asp87Asn) and parC (Ser80Ile) gene. Plasmid-mediated quinolone-resistance qnrS gene was detected in one Escherichia coli strain with a high level of ciprofloxacin resistance. Our results demonstrate the increase in occurrence of multiresistant E. coli strains with a high level of chromosomal and plasmid resistance to fluoroquinolones.

Článek

Intestinal microflora and obesity in rats

Folia microbiologica. 2008 ; 53 (3) : 225-228.

ISSN 0015-5632
Medvik
Zdroj

The relationship was evaluated between early nutritional experiences, the intestinal microflora and the small intestinal functions in the mechanism of predisposition to obesity development. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in which the quantity of nutrition was manipulated from birth to weaning (day 30) by adjusting the number of pups in the nest to 4 small litters (SL) and 10 normal litters (NL) and fed a standard diet from days 30 to 40 of age. After 40 d, the postnatally overfed SL pups became heavier, displayed significantly enhanced adiposity, body mass gain and food intake as well as a significantly higher jejunal alkaline phosphatase and maltase activity than in rats nursed in NL nests. The effect of different early nutrition was also accompanied by the appearance of significantly decreased Bacteroides and significantly increased enterococci and lactobacilli of obese rats than in lean NL rats. The amounts of Bacteroides were negatively correlated with fat pad mass, body mass, body-mass gain and food intake whereas enterococci and lactobacilli were correlated positively with the same parameters. Our results demonstrate that postnatal nutritional experience may represent a predisposing factor influencing ontogeny of small intestine function and development of intestinal microbial communities. The acquired changes and associated alterations in food digestion could be a component of regulatory mechanisms contributing to the development of obesity and its maintenance in later life.