OBJECTIVES: Excessive internet use (EIU) has been studied predominantly within the context of individual risk factors. Less attention has been paid to social factors, especially in a fashion complex enough to include the multiple domains of adolescent socialization. This study examined the relationship between EIU and constraints within family, school, peer groups, and neighbourhoods, while controlling for emotional and behavioural difficulties. METHODS: This study was based on survey data from the Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study, which was conducted in Slovakia in 2018. The sample of representative adolescents totalled 8400 (mean age: 13.44 years; SDage = 1.33; 50.9% boys). RESULTS: Multiple-step linear regression revealed that, after controlling for sociodemographic factors and emotional and behavioural difficulties, peer problems had the least effect, while the constraints related to family and neighbourhood stood out as especially problematic. Combined variables explained 20% variance of EIU. CONCLUSIONS: Social constraints proved to be important factors in adolescent EIU. The important role of a problematic neighbourhood is a novel finding and suggests that it should be targeted in prevention.

• MeSH
• Residence Characteristics * MeSH
• Adolescent Behavior psychology   MeSH
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Internet Use statistics & numerical data   MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Family Relations psychology   MeSH
• Schools * MeSH
• Social Isolation psychology   MeSH
• Peer Group MeSH
• Check Tag
• Child MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Adolescent MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Slovakia MeSH

• MeSH
• Exercise MeSH
• Obesity diagnosis   MeSH
• Outpatients MeSH
• Diet, Reducing MeSH
• Risk Factors MeSH
• Body Weight classification   MeSH
• Life Style MeSH

Introduction: The main goal of the work is to analyze how social workers identify their specific competencies regarding the general characteristics of the workplace and how they subjectively evaluate their abilities and capabilities to fulfill these competencies in the Ústecký region in Czechia. Methods: The data were obtained from a combined convenience online and paper-pencil survey. Respondents were employees of the 48 social services organizations in the Ústecký region: 101 females and six males. The one-factor analysis of variance comparing means and two non-parametric tests, the Friedman test and Kendall's W test, was employed, as well as Spearman's rank correlation coefficients for data analysis. Results: The most significant part of the working time of the respondents is devoted to the administration working with clients. Social workers primarily use communication skills and knowledge of social work methods. On the other hand, they use language skills and research methods sparingly. Respondents recognize the essential skills to solve crises, make quick decisions, and control their emotions. On the other hand, they consider writing project applications, raising money, managing people, and creativity the least necessary skills. The respondents find demanding administration the most difficult. On the other hand, they have the most minor problems with identifying clients' needs, determining the goals and methods to achieve them, and working with clients from different cultural backgrounds. The respondents mostly solve the dilemmas of the number of clients and time constraints of the social worker, as well as practical problem-solving and legislative constraints. Conclusion: The social workers' activities are divided into administrative and direct work with people. Communication skills and knowledge of social work methods are considered most important for fulfilling professional duties. The possibility of finding quick solutions in a crisis helps them to achieve these duties.

• MeSH
• Communication MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Professional Competence MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Decision Making MeSH
• Social Work * organization & administration   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

To better understand evolutionary pathways leading to eusociality, interspecific comparisons are needed, which would use a common axis, such as that of reproductive skew, to array species. African mole-rats (Bathyergidae, Rodentia) provide an outstanding model of social evolution because of a wide range of social organizations within a single family; however, their reproductive skew is difficult to estimate, due to their cryptic lifestyle. A maximum skew could theoretically be reached in groups where reproduction is monopolized by a stable breeding pair, but the value could be decreased by breeding-male and breeding-female turnover, shared reproduction and extra-group mating. The frequency of such events should be higher in species or populations inhabiting mesic environments with relaxed ecological constraints on dispersal. To test this prediction, we studied patterns of parentage and relatedness within 16 groups of Ansell's mole-rat (Fukomys anselli) in mesic miombo woodland. Contrary to expectation, there was no shared reproduction (more than one breeder of a particular sex) within the studied groups, and proportion of immigrants and offspring not assigned to current breeding males was low. The within-group parentage and relatedness patterns observed resemble arid populations of 'eusocial' Fukomys damarensis, rather than a mesic population of 'social' Cryptomys hottentotus. As a possible explanation, we propose that the extent ecological conditions affect reproductive skew may be markedly affected by life history and natural history traits of the particular species and genera.

• MeSH
• Breeding MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Mole Rats classification   genetics   MeSH
• Microsatellite Repeats MeSH
• Genetics, Population * MeSH
• Reproduction genetics   MeSH
• Animal Distribution MeSH
• Social Behavior * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Zambia MeSH

Even though populations of many large carnivores are expanding throughout Europe, the Eurasian lynx population in the Western Carpathians seems unable to spread beyond the western boundaries of its current distributional range. Many factors, both extrinsic and intrinsic, can influence the potential for range expansion: landscape fragmentation, natal philopatry, low natural fecundity and high mortality, and low and sex-biased dispersal rates. In this study we used non-invasive genetic sampling to determine population size fluctuation, sub-structuring and social organisation of the peripheral lynx population at the Czech-Slovak border. Even though the population size has been relatively stable over the period studied (2010-2016), the individual inbreeding coefficients of residents at the end of the study were much higher than those of founders at the beginning of the study. While non-resident individuals (predominantly males) occurred regularly in the study population, only resident individuals with well-established home ranges participated in breeding and produced offspring. Almost half the offspring detected in the study (predominantly females) settled in or near the natal area. Subsequent incestuous mating resulted in production of inbred individuals, reduction of effective population size of the population, and sub-structuring of the population through formation of two distinct family lineages. Our study illustrates how social constraints, such as territoriality, breeding of residents and natal philopatry of females, lead to incestuous mating in small-sized populations, especially at the periphery of their distribution. This threat should be taken into account in planning of conservation and population recovery of species with similar social structure.

• MeSH
• Breeding MeSH
• Inbreeding MeSH
• Lynx genetics   physiology   MeSH
• Carnivory MeSH
• Genetics, Population MeSH
• Animal Distribution * MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

Background: Still, a considerable number of older adults hardly meet the daily physical activity recommendation. The current study examined how the elderly's attitudinal and perceptional aspects were associated with their Leisure-Time Physical Activity (LTPA) participation in order to provide insight into the physical activity promotion. Methods: Study used a total sample of 10,700 older adults aged 65+ drawn from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) 2014-2015 in USA. Multiple questionnaire items were employed to assess older adults' attitudes and outlook across different life domains. LTPA participation was measured using two indicators-walking and sports/exercise. A technique of adjusted multivariate analysis was employed to examine the relationships between predictors and outcome variables. Results: Results indicated that psychosocial indicators were significantly associated with older adults' LTPA: self-perception of ageing, self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, spiritual engagement, perceived social tie and neighbourhood safety; while measures of perceived social relations and neighbourhood safety demonstrated different associations with walking and sports/exercise on its intensity. Conclusions: Health professionals should be well-informed about psychosocial roles, either as facilitators or constraints, in older adults' physical activity participation. Incorporation of psychosocial intervention into physical activity promotion can help older adults develop positive attitudes and inner strength linked to their health behaviour.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Through the narrative analysis of qualitative interviews and focus groups with seven women who have experience with long-term methamphetamine use, the author explores not only the challenges that they face. Nakladatelská anotace. Kráceno

• MeSH
• Methamphetamine MeSH
• Social Work MeSH
• Drug Users MeSH
• Women MeSH

• Conspectus
• Sociální problémy vyžadující podporu a pomoc. Sociální zabezpečení
• NML Fields
• adiktologie
• NML Publication type
• studie

The handbook focuses on different welfare systems across the European Union. Intended for professional public.

• MeSH
• European Union MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care MeSH
• Social Welfare MeSH
• Public Policy MeSH
• Publication type
• Handbook MeSH
• Geographicals
• Europe MeSH

• Conspectus
• Druhy sociální pomoci a služeb
• NML Fields
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• sociologie
• NML Publication type
• kolektivní monografie

Ritual behaviors of some form exist in every society known to anthropologists. Despite this universality, we have little understanding of how ritual behavior varies within populations or across the lifespan, nor the determinants of this variation. Here we test hypotheses derived from life history theory by using behavioral observations and oral interview data concerning participant variation in Fijian kava-drinking ceremonies. We predicted that substantial variation in the frequency and duration of participation would result from (1) trade-offs with reproduction and (2) the intrinsic status differences between ritual participants. We demonstrate that when controlling for household composition, men with young offspring participated less frequently and exhibited greater variance in their time spent at ceremonies than men without young children. However, men with a larger number of total dependents in their household participated more frequently than those with fewer. Moreover, we found that men's ascribed rank, level of education, and reliance on wage labor all significantly predict their frequency of attendance. We also found that the number of dependents a man has in his household is positively correlated with total food production, and the amount of kava he cultivates. In general, these results suggest that ritual participation is part of an important strategy employed by Fijian men for both achieving status and developing social alliances. Variation in participation in kava ceremonies by Fijian men therefore reflects the constraints of their current life history condition and their inherited rank.

• MeSH
• Family Characteristics MeSH
• Drinking Behavior * MeSH
• Adult MeSH
• Empirical Research MeSH
• Kava MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Ceremonial Behavior * MeSH
• Social Behavior * MeSH
• Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
• Age Factors MeSH
• Agriculture MeSH
• Check Tag
• Adult MeSH
• Middle Aged MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• Geographicals
• Fiji MeSH

• MeSH
• Economics, Medical MeSH
• Cost Control MeSH
• Delivery of Health Care economics   MeSH
• Social Medicine MeSH
• Health Policy MeSH
• Publication type
• Congress MeSH
• Collected Work MeSH
• Geographicals
• United Kingdom MeSH
• United States MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• sociální lékařství
• ekonomie, ekonomika, ekonomika zdravotnictví