• MeSH
• mozek fyziologie   MeSH

• Konspekt
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NLK Obory
• neurovědy

• MeSH
• finanční podpora výzkumu jako téma MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poměr pasu a boků MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• prsty ruky anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• tělesná výška MeSH
• toxoplazmóza imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Development of the craniofacies occurs in embryological intimacy with development of the brain and both show normal left-right asymmetries. While facial dysmorphology occurs to excess in psychotic illness, facial asymmetry has yet to be investigated as a putative index of brain asymmetry. Ninety-three subjects (49 controls, 22 schizophrenia, 22 bipolar disorder) received 3D laser surface imaging of the face. On geometric morphometric analysis with (x, y, z) visualisations of statistical models for facial asymmetries, in controls the upper face and periorbital region, which share embryological intimacy with the forebrain, showed marked asymmetries. Their geometry included: along the x-axis, rightward asymmetry in its dorsal-medial aspects and leftward asymmetry in its ventral-lateral aspects; along the z-axis, anterior protrusion in its right ventral-lateral aspect. In both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder these normal facial asymmetries were diminished, with residual retention of asymmetries in bipolar disorder. This geometry of normal facial asymmetries shows commonalities with that of normal frontal lobe asymmetries. These findings indicate a trans-diagnostic process that involves loss of facial asymmetries in both schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Embryologically, they implicate loss of face-brain asymmetries across gestational weeks 7-14 in processes that involve genes previously associated with risk for schizophrenia.

• MeSH
• asymetrie obličeje * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• bipolární porucha * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• funkční lateralita fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mozek diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• obličej MeSH
• psychotické poruchy diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• schizofrenie * diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• zobrazování trojrozměrné MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Background: Pelvic, spinal and hips asymmetries constitute common phenomena. Pelvic asymmetry is usually perceived from two different points of view: as a causative factor in certain motor system dysfunctions or as a symptom of existing dysfunctions. Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the difference in activation asymmetry of lateral abdominal muscles (LAM) and the difference in body weight distribution on lower extremities during prolonged standing between subjects with and without pelvic asymmetry, and check if there is a correlation between the magnitude of pelvic asymmetry and activation asymmetry of lateral abdominal muscles as well as body weight distribution on lower extremities. Methods: A total of 66 subjects (34 women) participated in the study. LAM activation was measured using ultrasound technology. Body weight distribution asymmetry on lower extremities was measured during prolonged barefoot standing on the two scales equipped with digital readings. The activation asymmetry index and the weight distribution asymmetry index between the left and right sides of the body were calculated. Results: The recorded weight distribution asymmetry indexes were slightly higher in subjects with pelvic asymmetry; however, no significant inter-group differences were found. These subjects did not show any significant difference from subjects without asymmetry for activation asymmetry index recorded in all individual LAMs (obliquus externus abdominis p = .68, obliquus internus abdominis p = .34, transversus abdominis p = .55). Conclusions: No differences were found between subjects with and without pelvic asymmetry in activation asymmetry of lateral abdominal muscles and body weight distribution on lower extremities. Thus, there was no evidence gathered to prove that pelvic asymmetry constitutes an advantageous or disadvantageous phenomenon. It seems that it may play only a minor role, if any, in the energy expenditure optimisation process during prolonged standing. It is unlikely that pelvic asymmetry may lead to or stem from activation asymmetry of lateral abdominal muscles.

• Klíčová slova
• asymetrie,
• MeSH
• břišní svaly diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• muskuloskeletální systém MeSH
• pánev * abnormality   diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• stoj * MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• ultrasonografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• klinická studie MeSH

• MeSH
• biologická evoluce MeSH
• dominance mozková MeSH
• mozek anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• vývojová biologie MeSH

Nowadays, bipedal walking is undergoing extensive study. Several methods can be used in physiotherapeutic research for identifying defects in bipedal walking as a result of pathology of the musculoskeletal or nervous system. Our work focuses on studying asymmetry of walking based on synchronized bilateral knee-knee cyclograms. Participants presenting with peroneal nerve palsy and foot drop were included in the study. The bilateral cyclograms, also called angle-angle diagrams, were created to quantify gait asymmetry before and immediately after application of a brace. In order to quantify the asymmetry of human walking, we have described and tested the application of the method based on the inclination angle of the synchronized bilateral cyclograms. The symmetry index (SI) was used as a comparative method to evaluate the symmetry of bipedal walking. The method based on the orientation of the cyclograms can be used as an additional method for determining the gait asymmetry. The new technique has never been applied before to study the gait asymmetry in patients with peroneal nerve palsy or patients with leg brace.

• MeSH
• algoritmy MeSH
• biomechanika * MeSH
• chůze (způsob) fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• koleno patofyziologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• neuropatie nervus peroneus patofyziologie   MeSH
• paralýza MeSH
• potraviny MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Congenital tibial deficiency is a rare developmental skeletal disorder. When the surgical treatment fails the amputation and/or prosthesis is needed. Recent studies of prosthetic gait present only data for acquired case of prosthetic gait, mainly measured in comfortable self-selected speed, which does not reflect changes visible only during higher demands conditions i.e. faster gait. Prosthetic gait of acquired cases (i.e. traumatic amputation) differs from normal gait mostly in gait asymmetry (GA). However, it was not yet studied in a developmental case of prosthetic gait. In this case study, GA changes in different speed of walking with ankle-foot prosthesis were identified for unilateral congenital tibial deficiency in a young healthy man. Selected joint kinematic, spatial-temporal, and kinetic gait parameters were collected using 3D motion capture system and treadmill with force plate simultaneously. Mean values, SD, and symmetry indexes were calculated in different walking speeds and descriptively analyzed. Results show developmental prosthetic gait specific pattern and GA in most of the measured gait parameters. Kinematic parameters of joint angular ranges register decreasing GA with increasing gait speed on intact limb side. Spatial-temporal parameters present decreasing GA with increasing speed on the prosthetic limb side for double support and step duration. Kinetic parameters show increasing GA on intact limb in all parameters, except loading rate which decrease with increasing speed. In the case of congenital tibial deficiency, gait pattern, GA and compensatory mechanisms differ to the acquired prosthetic gait and depend on walking speed. These findings complete the missing point in prosthetic gait research and may serve as a base for further research of differences between developmental and acquired cases of prosthetic gait patterns.

• MeSH
• analýza chůze * MeSH
• biomechanika MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• ektromelie genetika   terapie   MeSH
• fibrózní dysplazie kosti genetika   terapie   MeSH
• kineziologie aplikovaná MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• protézy a implantáty * MeSH
• rychlost chůze MeSH
• tibie abnormality   MeSH
• výzkum MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Research on the perception of faces typically assumes that there are some universal values of attractiveness which are shared across individuals and cultures. The perception of attractiveness may, however, vary across cultures due to local differences in both facial morphology and standards of beauty. To examine cross-cultural consensus in the ratings of attractiveness, we presented a set of 120 non-manipulated photographs of Czech faces to ten samples of raters from both European (Czech Republic, Estonia, Sweden, Romania, Turkey, Portugal) and non-European countries (Brazil, India, Cameroon, Namibia). We examined the relative contribution of three facial markers (sexual shape dimorphism, averageness, fluctuating asymmetry) to the perception of attractiveness as well as the possible influence of eye color, which is a locally specific trait. In general, we found that both male and female faces which were closer to the average and more feminine in shape were regarded as more attractive, while fluctuating asymmetry had no effect. Despite a high cross-cultural consensus on attractiveness standards, significant differences in the perception of attractiveness seem to be related to the level of socio-economic development (as measured by the Human Development Index, HDI). Attractiveness ratings by raters from low-HDI countries (India, Cameroon, Namibia) converged less with ratings from Czech Republic than ratings from high-HDI countries (European countries and Brazil). With respect to eye color, some local patterns emerged which we discuss as a consequence of negative frequency-dependent selection.

• MeSH
• barva očí * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obličej anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• pohlavní dimorfismus * MeSH
• srovnání kultur MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Afrika MeSH
• Brazílie MeSH
• Česká republika MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Indie MeSH

• MeSH
• dominance mozková MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• elektroencefalografie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
• psychologické testy MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic scoliosis does not only cause structural changes in the spine, but also functional changes of the musculoskeletal system. RESEARCH QUESTION: Does idiopathic scoliosis lead to asymmetric hip loading in severe Lenke type 1 deformity? METHODS: 23 patients (18 girls, 5 boys) aged 15 ± 2.8 years with an adolescent idiopathic main thoracic curve (Cobb angle 48.8°+/- 9.2°) were included. Measured X-ray parameters were: Cobb angle of primary thoracic and secondary lumbar curve, translation of the C7- plumb line, apical thoracic vertebra and apical lumbar vertebra from the central sacral vertical line. Subjects were examined by means of kinematic and kinetic gait analysis. The symmetry index (SI) was calculated as a ratio of hip frontal moments during a single stance for both sides when the symmetrical load was considered SI = 0 + /- 29.36 (0 +/- 1 SD of the mean SI of the healthy population). The Pearson correlation coefficient was used to show the relation between hip loading and radiologic measures of spinal deformity. RESULTS: Only 34.8% of subjects with Lenke type 1 deformity showed symmetrical hip loading. Significant negative correlation was proved between SI and apical thoracic vertebra translation (R = - 0541; p < 0,05) as well as between SI and coronal imbalance (R = -0,5197; p < 0,05). There was no correlation between SI and the magnitude of the primary thoracic curve (R = -0.19; p = 0.385). Coronal imbalance correlates positively with translation of apical thoracic vertebra (R = 0,7255; p < 0,05). SIGNIFICANCE: Two-thirds of subjects with Lenke type 1 deformity showed asymmetrical hip loading. This asymmetry is related to the translation of the apical thoracic vertebra and coronal imbalance and is not related to the magnitude of the main thoracic curve. On the contrary, the secondary lumbar curve plays role in the compensatory mechanism of the trunk.

• MeSH
• bederní obratle diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• fúze páteře * MeSH
• hrudní obratle MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• radiografie MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• skolióza * diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH