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Seminal plasma (SP) provides essential nutrients, transport, and protection to the spermatozoa during their journey through the male and female reproductive tracts. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are one of the main components of the SP with several biomolecular cargoes, including miRNAs, that can influence spermatozoa functions and interact with the cells of the female reproductive tract. This study aimed to isolate, characterize, and identify the miRNA expression profiles in the SP-EVs isolated from fertile (F) and subfertile (S) rabbit bucks that could serve as fertility biomarkers. In this study, the methods to isolate and identify EVs including exosomes, from SP of 3 F and S bucks have been developed. Ultracentrifugation and size exclusion chromatography analysis were using to isolate EVs from SP of F and S males that were qualitative and quantitively characterised using transmission electron microscopy, nanoparticle tracking analysis and western blotting. In addition, total RNA, including miRNA, was isolated, sequenced and identified from SP-EVs samples. Different SP-EVs concentrations (8.53 × 1011 ± 1.04 × 1011 and 1.84 × 1012 ± 1.75 × 1011 particles/mL of SP; P = 0.008), with a similar average size (143.9 ± 11.9 and 115.5 ± 2.4 nm; P = 0.7422) in F and S males, respectively was observed. Particle size was not significantly correlated with any kinetic parameter. The concentration of SP-EVs was positively correlated with the percentage of abnormal forms (r = 0.94; P < 0.05) and with the percentage of immotile spermatozoa (r = 0.88; P < 0.05). Small-RNA-seq analysis identified a total of 267 and 244 expressed miRNAs in the F and S groups, respectively. Two miRNAs (let-7b-5p and let-7a-5p) were the top most abundant miRNAs in both groups. Differential expression analysis revealed that 9 miRNAs including miR-190b-5p, miR-193b-5p, let-7b-3p, and miR-378-3p, and another 9 miRNAs including miR-7a-5p, miR-33a-5p, miR-449a-5p, and miR-146a-5p were significantly up- and downregulated in the F compared to the S group, respectively. The SP from F and S rabbit males contains EVs with different miRNA cargo correlated with spermatogenesis, homeostasis, and infertility, which could be used as biomarkers for male fertility and potential therapies for assisted reproductive technologies.
The purpose of this study was to examine whether conditions that provide performers with a sense of autonomy, by giving them choices, would increase movement efficiency. We evaluated neuromuscular activation as a function of choice, using surface electromyography (EMG), during isometric force production. Participants (N = 16) were asked to perform plantar flexions at each of three target torques (80%, 50%, 20% of maximum voluntary contractions) under both choice and control conditions. In the choice condition, they were able to choose the order of target torques, whereas the order was pre-determined in the control condition. Results demonstrated that while similar torques were produced under both conditions, EMG activity was lower in the choice relative to the control condition. Thus, providing performers with a choice led to reduced neuromuscular activity, or an increase in movement efficiency. This finding is in line with the notion that autonomy support readies the motor system for task execution by contributing to the coupling of goals and actions (Wulf and Lewthwaite, Psychon Bull Rev 23:1382-1414, 2016).
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- isometrická kontrakce fyziologie MeSH
- kosterní svaly fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- osobní autonomie * MeSH
- pohyb fyziologie MeSH
- psychomotorický výkon fyziologie MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The analysis of Y-chromosome variation has provided valuable clues about the paternal history of domestic animal populations. The main goal of the current work was to characterize Y-chromosome diversity in 31 goat populations from Central Eastern (Switzerland and Romania) and Southern Europe (Spain and Italy) as well as in reference populations from Africa and the Near East. Towards this end, we have genotyped seven single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), mapping to the SRY, ZFY, AMELY and DDX3Y Y-linked loci, in 275 bucks from 31 populations. We have observed a low level of variability in the goat Y-chromosome, with just five haplotypes segregating in the whole set of populations. We have also found that Swiss bucks carry exclusively Y1 haplotypes (Y1A: 24%, Y1B1: 15%, Y1B2: 43% and Y1C: 18%), while in Italian and Spanish bucks Y2A is the most abundant haplotype (77%). Interestingly, in Carpathian goats from Romania the Y2A haplotype is also frequent (42%). The high Y-chromosome differentiation between Swiss and Italian/Spanish breeds might be due to the post-domestication spread of two different Near Eastern genetic stocks through the Danubian and Mediterranean corridors. Historical gene flow between Southern European and Northern African goats might have also contributed to generate such pattern of genetic differentiation.
- MeSH
- chromozom Y genetika MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- haplotypy genetika MeSH
- kozy MeSH
- mikrosatelitní repetice genetika MeSH
- populační genetika MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
A survey of naso-pharyngeal and subcutaneous myiasis affecting roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) was conducted in the Czech Republic over an 8-year period (1999-2006). A total of 503 bucks and 264 does from six hunting localities were examined. The sampling area comprised predominantly agricultural lowlands and a mountain range primarily covered by forest. Since 1997, the deer have been treated each winter across the board with ivermectin (150 mg/kg, CERMIX® pulvis, Biopharm, CZ). Parasites found were the larvae of Hypoderma diana and Cephenemyia stimulator. There were no significant differences in warble fly infection among captured animals in the individual hunting localities. Overall, 146 (28.8%) of 503 animals (bucks) were infected with Cephenemyia stimulator larvae; body size of the second instar larva reached 13-18 mm. The prevalence ranged from 16.1 to 42.9% per year, and the mean intensity from 6 to 11 larvae per animal. Additionally, a total of 264 roe deer (does) were examined for H. diana larvae, and 77 (29.1%) were found to be positive; body size of the second instar larva reached 17 mm. The prevalence ranged from 18.8 to 50.0% per year, and the mean intensity from 13 to 22 larvae per animal. The results showed that the bot flies, Cephenemyia stimulator as well as H. diana, are common parasites in roe deer in the Czech Republic, and that through the help of treatment (ivermectin), it is possible to keep parasite levels low. The body weights of infected and non-infected H. diana deer did not differ significantly.
- MeSH
- Diptera patogenita MeSH
- ivermektin terapeutické užití MeSH
- myiáza epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- nazofarynx parazitologie MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- subkutánní tkáň parazitologie MeSH
- vysoká zvěř parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
A buried penis is a normally developed penis that is hidden by the suprapubic fat pad with inadequate attachment of the skin to the Buck's fascia. A modified surgical technique and the results are reported. Material and methods: Seven boys (aged 12 months to 4 years) with buried penis underwent the surgical procedure. A circumferential incision is made at the junction of the outer and inner prepuce. After disection of subcutaneous tissue is the inner prepuce sutured directly to Buck's fascia. The procedure is completed by reapproximation of the outer and the inner prepuce. Suprapubic catheter is inserted in all cases. Results: No major complications after the procedure was observed. All patients achieved satisfactory results. No patiens required a second operation. Conclusions: Congenital buried penis is a syndrome which may be successfully repaired with good cosmetic results.
Play behavior is a promising welfare indicator in dairy calves because it decreases in negative situations such as pain or hunger and increases in positive contexts such as in appropriate social environments. Directly measuring play is time consuming because it is performed in irregular bouts and can be inconsistent over days. To facilitate automatic recording of play, previous studies fitted triaxial accelerometers to the hind legs of calves and measured the velocity of movements in large arenas; high correlations were reported between vertical axis peak duration and the duration of locomotor play. The current study aimed to validate accelerometers for recording spontaneous locomotor play in calves' home pens over longer periods. Data were collected from 48 Holstein Friesian calves, housed in groups of 3 in pens of 10 m2, at either 4 or 8 wk of age. Acceleration at the vertical axis of the hind leg was recorded at a rate of 1 Hz. One active time period for each calf was randomly selected (mean duration ± standard deviation = 34 ± 9 min). From video of the corresponding time period, the frequency of locomotor play events, consisting of run, turn, and buck/buck-kick, was recorded using behavior sampling. Combined counts of play events were highly correlated (Pearson r = 0.91) with counts of acceleration peaks. However, for calves with higher levels of locomotor play, this method underestimated the extent of play. Alternatively, run, turn, and buck events obtained from video were transformed by creating intervals of 10 s and then classifying each 10-s interval as comprising events of play ("play") or not comprising events of play ("no play"). The corresponding accelerometer data for all 10-s periods, equaling 10 consecutive readings each, were classified into play or no play by using quadratic discriminant analysis; 79% of periods with locomotor play were correctly classified. Counts of observed play intervals correlated with the counts of play periods from accelerometers (r = 0.87), but the discriminant analysis consistently overestimated play. In conclusion, accelerometer measurements at 1 Hz (in 1-s intervals) and at the vertical axis cannot be used alone to exactly quantify absolute levels of locomotor play in the home pen. However, counts of peak accelerations can provide a rough estimate of inter-individual differences in play events, and discriminant analysis can be used as a proxy for one-zero sampling of inter-individual differences in locomotor play.
- MeSH
- akcelerometrie veterinární MeSH
- audiovizuální záznam MeSH
- chování zvířat * MeSH
- lokomoce MeSH
- náhodné rozdělení MeSH
- pohoda zvířat * MeSH
- sociální prostředí MeSH
- záznamy jako téma MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- validační studie MeSH
Congenital ventral penile angulation without hypospadias is a rare disease and causes great anxiety to the parents. The aim of our study is the presentation of this disease, especially the indications of surgical treatment and the protocol applied in our clinic. We retrospectively studied 23 male patients aged 2.5 to 7 years old (av 5.2 y) with important penile angulation (over 45°) without hypospadias, treated during the past 15 years in our department. In 9 patients the cause was the skin chordee (fibrosis of the ventral part of the prepuce), in 4 the fibrotic fascia (incomplete development of dartos and Buck's fascia) and in 10 the disproportion of the corpora cavernosa. No case of congenital short urethra was reported. In our opinion, the appliance of the algorithm suggested by Donnahoo KK et al. in uncomplicated cases, along with the experience of the surgical team, results in satisfactory treatment and avoidance of complications.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- penis abnormality chirurgie MeSH
- pooperační komplikace etiologie MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- retrospektivní studie MeSH
- vrozené vady etiologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
We tested the grip in four patients with congenital defects of the hand and either a hypoplastic thumb or a thumb with impaired inervation. Small objects were taken by a scissors grip between the fingers. In a hand with radial duction in the manus vara congenita, during strengthening of the wrist, the grip from the ulnar side between the fourth and fifth fingers was changed to the radial side between the second and third fingers. Large objects were gripped by all the three-phalanx fingers into the palm in a horizontal position. In case 4 with hypoplasia of the thumb grade IIIC by the classification of Blauth and Buck-Gramcko, we describe a transposition of the index fin- ger to the site of the thumb and the hypoplastic thumb to the site of the index finger. It is obvious that the preci- sion grip is affected by the thumb length and strengthening of the ulnar side of the wrist. We assume that the scissors grip is the earliest precision grip in the evolution of the primate hand.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- palec ruky abnormality fyziologie chirurgie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- kazuistiky MeSH
- MeSH
- duševní poruchy dějiny MeSH
- psychiatrie dějiny MeSH
- Publikační typ
- periodika MeSH
- Konspekt
- Psychiatrie
- NLK Obory
- psychiatrie
Počátky historie chirurgické léčby nádorů hlavy a krku se datují již do období rozvoje celkové anestezie v 19. století. Soudobá moderní onkochirurgie hlavy a krku se však v dnešní podobě rozvíjela hlavně až ve 20. století, zejména po druhé světové válce. Podle dostupné literatury provedl první chordektomii (odstranění hlasivky) v roce 1834 Brauers v Belgii, první vertikální laryngektomii v roce 1851 Buck v New Yorku. Rekonstrukci hrtanu po vertikální laryngektomii, jak ji provádíme dnes, popsal Sedláček v roce 1965. Horizontální supraglotickou laryngektomii v současné podobě popsal v letech 1940-1950 Alonso. Odstranění celého hrtanu (totální laryngektomii) provedl poprvé v roce 1873 Billroth, klasickou totální laryngektomii technikou velmi blízkou dnešní popsal v roce 1890 Sorenson. Rozsáhlé nádory hypofaryngu a krčního jícnu se ve větší míře začaly operovat až ve 20. století, kdy se začala rozvíjet rekonstrukční chirurgie. První standardizovanou blokovou disekcí krčních uzlin popsal v roce 1906 Crile. V šedesátých letech 20. století popsal Bocca princip funkční blokové disekce, v osmdesátých letech pak popsal Lindenberg teorii vztahu mezi postižením krčních uzlin a primárním tumorem. Současné rozdělení blokových disekcí krčních uzlin na úplné a selektivní navrhl Medina (po úpravách přijato jako optimální subkomisí pro klasifikaci krčních disekcí amerického výboru pro otolaryngologii a chirurgii hlavy a krku v roce 1991). Z moderních aspektů onkologie hlavy a krku je zmíněna shuntová chirurgie a hlasové protézy u nemocných po totální laryngektomii a princip tzv. záchovných protokolů, které dávají v některých případech možnost uchránit nemocného před totální laryngektomii.
The beginnings of surgical treatment of tumours of the head and neck date back to the period of development of general anaesthesia in the 19th century. Contemporary modem oncosurgery of the head and neck in its present form developed however mainly in the 20th century, in particular after the Second world war. According to available literatury the first chordectomy (removal of the vocal cords) was made in 1834 by Brauers in Belgium, the hrst vertical laryngectomy in 1851 by Buck in New York. Reconstrnction of the larynx after vertical laryngectomy as performed nowadays was described in 1965 by Sedláček. Horizontal supraglottic laryngectomy in its present form was described in 1940-1950 by Alonso. Total laryngectomy was performed for the first time by Billroth in 1873, classical total laryngectomy by a technikoe very Glose to tkat used nowadays was described as late as in 1890 by Sorenson. Extensive tumours of the hypopharynx and cervical oesophagus esere made on a larger stale only in the 20th century when reconstructive surgery began to develop. The first standardized block dissection of the cervical nodes was described in 1906 by Crile. In the sixties of the 20th century Bocca described the principle of functional block dissection, in the eighties Lindenberg described the theory on the relationship between affection of the cervical nodes and the primary tumour. Contemporary classification of block dissections of the cervical nodes finto complete and selective ones was suggested by Medina (after modifications accepted as optimal by the subcommission for the classification of cervical dissections by the American committee for otolaryngology and surger of the head and neck in 1991). As to modem aspects of the oncology of head and neck shunt surgery is mentioned and vocal prostheses in patients after total laryngectomy and the principle of so-called preserving protokols which make fit possible in some instances to save the patients from total laryngectomy.
