• MeSH
• cytologie * MeSH
• kůže patologie   MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň patofyziologie   patologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH

BACKGROUND: Transplantation of pancreatic islets into subcutaneous cavities in diabetic rats may be as or even more effective than transplantation into the portal vein. Identifying the optimal timing of the individual steps in this procedure is critical. METHODS: Macroporous scaffolds were placed in the subcutaneous tissue of diabetic male Lewis rats for 7 or 28 d and the healing of the tissue inside the scaffolds was monitored. A marginal syngeneic graft comprising 4 islets/g of recipient body weight was transplanted at the best timing focusing mainly on vascularization. Recipients were monitored for blood glucose levels and tolerance tests. Histological examination was performed in all implanted scaffolds. The presence of individual endocrine cells was analyzed in detail. RESULTS: Blood glucose levels remained within the physiological range in all recipients until the end of experiment as well as body weight increase. Coefficients of glucose assimilation were normal or slightly reduced with no statistically significant differences between the groups 40 and 80 d after transplantation. Histological analysis revealed round viable islets in the liver similar to those in pancreas, but alpha cells practically disappeared, whereas islets in the scaffolds formed clusters of cells surrounded by rich vascular network and the alpha cells remained partially preserved. CONCLUSIONS: Subcutaneous transplantation of pancreatic islets is considerably less invasive but comparably efficient as commonly used islet transplantation into the portal vein. In consideration of alpha and beta cell ratio, the artificial subcutaneous cavities represent a promising site for future islet transplantation therapy.

• MeSH
• experimentální diabetes mellitus * chirurgie   MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• Langerhansovy ostrůvky * krevní zásobení   chirurgie   MeSH
• potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň MeSH
• transplantace Langerhansových ostrůvků * metody   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Transplantace (Tx) Langerhansových ostrůvků (LO) v klinické praxi je limitovaná mimo jiné vysokým procentem buněk ztracených během 2 dnů po Tx, a nutností trvalé imunosupresívní léčby. Proto se hledá alternativní způsob Tx, který by významně zvýšil úspěšnost přihojení, umožnil lokální ochranu před rejekcí a bezpečné vyjmutí štěpu v případě komplikací. Podle literárních i našich předběžných výsledků je klíčové dostatečné zásobení kyslíkem. Takové podmínky může zajistit dutina uměle vytvořená v podkoží příjemce pomocí polymerního skeletu s navázanými funkčními molekulami (VEGF, CXCL-12), které umožní řízené prorůstání vaziva s kapilárami a lokálně omezí aktivitu imunokompetentních buněk. Plánujeme posoudit efekt mikroporezní struktury skeletu, VEGF navázaného na skelet a řízeného uvolňování molekuly CXCL-12 ze skeletu nebo mikročástic, které budou součástí suspense při Tx LO, na vaskularizaci dutiny a dlouhodobou funkčnost transplantovaných LO u potkanů. Technika je slibná jak pro allogenní Tx LO pro diabetiky 1. typu, tak zejména pro autoTx LO po totální pankreatektomii.; The clinical transplantation (Tx) of pancreatic islets (PI) is limited by a significant cell loss during 2 days after Tx, and by permanent immunosuppressive therapy. Therefore, there is a need of an alternative Tx technique, which would significantly improve the engraftment, the local immune protection as well as the safe graftectomy. Based on the literature as well as our preliminary data the sufficient oxygen supply is a crucial factor. The cavity created under skin by implantation of a polymer microporous scaffold can provide adequate conditions. VEGF attached to the scaffold can control the ingrowth of connective tissue with capillaries and cytokine CXCL-12 can restrict activity of immunocompetent cells. We will evaluate the effect of VEGF bound to polymer scaffolds on the cavity vascularization and controlled release of CXCL-12 from scaffolds or microparticles on PI survival. The optimized cavity can improve outcomes of allogeneic PI Tx for Type-1 diabetic patients as well as of autologous PI Tx in patients after total pancreatectomy.

• MeSH
• krevní oběh MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• remodelace cév MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň MeSH
• tkáňové podpůrné struktury MeSH
• transplantace Langerhansových ostrůvků MeSH
• vstřebatelné implantáty MeSH
• vyvíjení léků MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• hodnotící studie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• transplantologie
• angiologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

Cutaneous and subcutaneous mast cell tumours (MCTs) are counted among the most frequent cancers in dogs. However, the genetic aetiology of their development is still mostly unknown, with the exception of KIT and tumor protein p53 (TP53 ) mutations reported in less than a half of cutaneous MCTs. In subcutaneous MCTs, no gene alterations were previously detected. We analysed KIT and TP53 mutations in cutaneous and subcutaneous MCTs, and identified methylated CpG sites in KIT and TP53 promoters and adjacent exon 1 regions. The mutation analysis focused on KIT exons 8, 9 and 11, and TP53 exons 5-8, and revealed mutations in 26% and 7% cutaneous MCT cases, respectively. Moreover, we report a first case of KIT mutation ever detected in subcutaneous MCTs. KIT exon 11 mutations and high Kiupel and Patnaik grades were associated with reduced survival in this study. Both KIT and TP53 gene were generally unmethylated in canine cutaneous MCTs. A sporadic methylation of the CpG positions in KIT promoter and adjacent exon 1 was detected in 70.4% of cutaneous and 82% of subcutaneous MCTs. A sporadic methylation of the CpG positions in the TP53 promoter and exon 1 was observed in 36.8% of the analysed cutaneous MCT samples. Only in two subcutaneous MCTs, we observed more than 30% of clones showing KIT methylation at the CpG positions 13 or 14. The CpG position 14 is involved in a predicted binding site for Sp1 transcription factor. However, the significance of KIT promoter methylation at this specific position needs further evaluation.

• MeSH
• kožní mastocytóza genetika   chirurgie   veterinární   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• nádorový supresorový protein p53 genetika   MeSH
• nádory kůže genetika   chirurgie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci psů genetika   chirurgie   MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• přežití MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-kit genetika   MeSH
• psi MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• psi MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• fyziologie kůže * MeSH
• kůže * anatomie a histologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň anatomie a histologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Léčba pokročilého maligního melanomu zaznamenala v posledních letech významné změny. Po desetiletích stagnace, kdy byla k terapii metastazujícího melanomu užívána především chemoterapie, jejíž účinnost je u tohoto nádoru omezená, jsou nyní k dispozici dvě skupiny nových léků - moderní imunoterapie a cílená terapie. Cílená léčba a moderní imunoterapie nabízejí šanci dlouhodobého přežívání téměř 30 % pacientů.

Treatment of advances malignant melanoma has seen significant changes in recent years. After decades of stagnation when chemotherapy was used to treat metastatic melanoma the efficacy of which is limited in this tumor, two new drug regimens are now available - advanced imunotherapy offer the chance of long-term survival of nearly 30% of patients.

• MeSH
• imunoterapie MeSH
• interferon alfa aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lymfadenopatie diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• melanom * farmakoterapie   chirurgie   radioterapie   MeSH
• metastázy nádorů diagnostické zobrazování   MeSH
• nivolumab * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň diagnostické zobrazování   patologie   MeSH
• terapie ultrafialovými paprsky MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• BRAF, dabrafenib, trametinib,
• MeSH
• axila patologie   MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom * chirurgie   farmakoterapie   MeSH
• metastázy nádorů terapie   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• protinádorové látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• prsty ruky patologie   MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň patologie   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

Parallel glucose measurements in blood and other different tissues give us knowledge about dynamics of glycemia changes, which depend on vascularization, distribution space and local utilization by tissues. Such information is important for the understanding of glucose homeostasis and regulation. The aim of our study was to determine the time-lag between blood, brain, and adipose tissue during rapid glucose changes in a male hHTG rat (n=15). The CGMS sensor Guardian RT (Minimed/Medtronic, USA) was inserted into the brain and into the abdominal subcutaneous tissue. Fixed insulin and variable rate of glucose infusion was used to maintain euglycemia during sensor calibration period. At 0 min, 0.5 g/kg of bolus of glucose was administered, and at 50 min, 5 IU/kg of bolus of insulin was administered. Further glucose and insulin infusion was stopped at this time. The experiment was finished at 130 min and animals were euthanized. The time-shift between glycemia changes in blood, brain, and subcutaneous tissue was calculated by identification of the ideal correlation function. Moreover, the time to achieve 90 % of the maximum glucose excursion after intervention (T90) was measured to compare our data with the literature. The time-lag blood vs. brain and blood vs. subcutaneous tissue was 10 (10; 15) min and 15 (15; 25) min, respectively. The difference was statistically significant (P=0.01). T90 after glucose bolus in brain and subcutaneous tissue was 10 min (8.75; 15) and 15 min (13.75; 21.25), respectively. T90 after insulin bolus in brain and subcutaneous tissue was 10 min (10; 15) and 20 min (20; 27.5), respectively. To the contrary, with literature, our results showed earlier glucose level changes in brain in comparison with subcutaneous tissue after glucose and insulin boluses. Our results suggest that glucose dynamics is different within monitored tissues under rapid changing glucose level and we can expect similar behavior in humans. Improved knowledge about glucose distribution and dynamics is important for avoiding hypoglycemia.

• MeSH
• glykemický index fyziologie   MeSH
• hypertriglyceridemie krev   diagnóza   genetika   MeSH
• krevní glukóza metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody   trendy   MeSH
• mozek metabolismus   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

An extensive survey of parasites in red foxes (Vulpes vulpes) was independently conducted in Romania and the Czech Republic. Carcasses were examined by necropsy, and small, dark nodules apparently containing ticks were noticed in the subcutaneous tissue of several foxes. Histopathological examination was performed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Of the 91 foxes examined from the Czech Republic, 14 (15.4%) were harboring ticks in the subcutaneous tissue. In the majority of these cases, 1-3 nodules/fox were found, with a maximum of 31 nodules/fox. In Romania a single examined fox had subcutaneous ticks. All ticks collected from subcutaneous tissue were partially engorged adults. Based on morphological features, Ixodes ricinus, I. hexagonus, I. crenulatus and Dermacentor reticulatus were identified. The histopathological examination revealed chronic granulomatous panniculitis with peripheral fibrosis and intralesional presence of the ticks. Only few data are available regarding ticks localized in the subcutaneous tissue of any host. All the ticks were dead or already decomposed and it is evident that subcutaneous location does not represent an evolutionary advantage, as the detachment and finishing the life cycle is impossible.

• MeSH
• infestace klíšťaty epidemiologie   parazitologie   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• lišky parazitologie   MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika epidemiologie   MeSH
• Rumunsko epidemiologie   MeSH

Three adult nematode specimens, all ovigerous females belonging to the family Cystidicolidae Skryabin, 1946, were found for the first time in the subcutaneous tissue around the eye of the captive porcupinefish Diodon nichthemerus Cuvier at a public aquarium in Osaka, Japan. Because no male was available, these could not be identified to the genus and species. This case highlights the risk of parasitism in aquaculture puffer fish, as these may ingest small shrimp, which probably act as intermediate hosts for the nematode.

• MeSH
• infekce hlísticemi řádu Spirurida parazitologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• oči parazitologie   MeSH
• Spirurida anatomie a histologie   klasifikace   MeSH
• subkutánní tkáň parazitologie   MeSH
• Tetraodontiformes parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Japonsko MeSH