Although the research on cyberbullying has increased dramatically in recent years, still little is known about how cyberbullying participant groups (i.e., cyberbullies, cybervictims, and cyberbully-victims) differ from one another. This study aims to discriminate between these groups at an individual and relational level by controlling for age and gender. Self-control, offline aggression, and self-esteem are analyzed as individual-level variables. Parental attachment and peer rejection are involved as relational-level variables. A total of 2,092 Czech adolescents aged 12 to 18 were enrolled from a random sample of 34 primary and secondary schools located in the South Moravian region of the Czech Republic. Discriminant function analyses indicated that the participant groups are discriminated by two functions. The first function increases the separation between cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims from cybervictims, indicating that cyberbullies and cyberbully-victims are similar to each other in terms of low self-control, offline aggression, and gender, and have higher scores on measures of low self-esteem and offline aggression. However, cyberbully-victims had the highest scores on these measures. The second function discriminates between all three groups, which indicates that those variables included in the second function (i.e., parental attachment, peer rejection, self-esteem, and age) distinguish all three involved groups.

• MeSH
• agrese MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• psychologický odstup MeSH
• sebekontrola MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• šikana * statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• věkové faktory MeSH
• vliv vrstevnické skupiny MeSH
• vztahy mezi rodiči a dětmi MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

A substantial amount of research has revealed that cyberbully-victims have more emotional and behavioral problems than either cyberbullying victims or perpetrators. However, until now, little research has been conducted into the factors that contribute to the interplay between cyberbullying victimization and perpetration. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between cyberbullying victimization, perpetration, and two emotional components of alexithymia, namely difficulties in identifying and describing one's own feelings. Self-report questions were administered to 1549 adolescents between 12 and 18 years old (M = 14.51; SD = 1.68; 42.1% (n = 652) male) from Germany and Thailand. Results showed that cyberbullying victimization and alexithymia are associated with cyberbullying perpetration. Moreover, alexithymia mediated the associations between cyberbullying victimization and adolescents' cyberbullying perpetration. Consequently, we suggest that the ability to describe and identify one's own feelings might be important for understanding the link between cyberbullying, victimization, and perpetration. The results may help develop prevention and intervention programs focused on reducing cyberbullying.

• MeSH
• afektivní symptomy psychologie   MeSH
• chování mladistvých psychologie   MeSH
• internet * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu psychologie   MeSH
• problémové chování psychologie   MeSH
• rizikové faktory MeSH
• šikana * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH
• Thajsko MeSH

The relationship among cyberbullying victimization, lower self-esteem, and internet addiction has been well-established. Yet, little research exists that explains the nature of these associations, and no previous work has considered the inability to identify or describe one's emotions, namely, alexithymia, as a potential mediator of these links. The present study sought to investigate the indirect effects of cyberbullying victimization on self-esteem and internet addiction, mediated by alexithymia. The sample consisted of 1,442 participants between 12 and 17 years (Mage = 14.17, SD = 1.38, 51.5% male) from Germany, the Netherlands, and the United States. Results showed a direct relationship between cyberbullying victimization and self-esteem and an indirect association mediated by alexithymia in the Dutch sample. However, in the German and U.S. samples, only an indirect relationship via alexithymia, but not a direct effect of cyberbullying victimization on self-esteem, was found. Consistent across the three country samples, cyberbullying victimization and internet addiction were directly and also indirectly associated via alexithymia. In sum, findings indicate that alexithymia might help better understand which detrimental effects cyberbullying victimization has on adolescent psychological health. Thus, cyberbullying prevention programs should consider implementing elements that educate adolescents on the ability to identify and describe their own emotions.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

While the consequences of cyberbullying victimization have received some attention in the literature, to date, little is known about the multiple types of strains in adolescents' lives, such as whether cyberbullying victimization and peer rejection increase their vulnerability to depression and anxiety. Even though some research found that adolescents with disabilities show higher risk for cyberbullying victimization, most research has focused on typically developing adolescents. Thus, the present study focused on examining the moderating effect of peer rejection in the relationships between cyberbullying victimization, depression, and anxiety among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. There were 128 participants (89% male; ages ranging from 11⁻16 years old) with autism spectrum disorder in the sixth, seventh, or eighth grade at 16 middle schools in the United States. Participants completed questionnaires on cyberbullying victimization, peer rejection, depression, and anxiety. Results revealed that cyberbullying victimization was associated positively with peer rejection, anxiety, and depression among adolescents with autism spectrum disorder. Further, peer rejection was linked positively with depression and anxiety. Peer rejection moderated the positive relationship between cyberbullying victimization and depression, but not anxiety. Implications for prevention programs and future research are discussed.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

PURPOSE: Social patterns in bullying show consistent gender differences in adolescent perpetration and victimization with large cross-national variations. Previous research shows associations between societal gender inequality and gender differences in some violent behaviors in adolescents. Therefore, there is a need to go beyond individual associations and use a more social ecological perspective when examining gender differences in bullying behaviors. The aim of the present study was twofold: (1) to explore cross-national gender differences in bullying behaviors and (2) to examine whether national-level gender inequality relates to gender differences in adolescent bullying behaviors. METHODS: Traditional bullying and cyberbullying were measured in 11-year-olds to 15-year-olds in the 2017/18 Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study (n = 200,423). We linked individual data to national gender inequality (Gender Inequality Index, 2018) in 46 countries and tested their association using mixed-effects (multilevel) logistic regression models. RESULTS: Large cross-national variations were observed in gender differences in bullying. Boys had higher odds of perpetrating both traditional and cyberbullying and victimization by traditional bullying than girls. Greater gender inequality at country level was associated with heightened gender differences in traditional bullying. In contrast, lower gender inequality was associated with larger gender differences for cyber victimization. DISCUSSION: Societal gender inequality relates to adolescents' involvement in bullying and gendered patterns in bullying. Public health policy should target societal factors that have an impact on young people's behavior.

• MeSH
• agrese MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kyberšikana * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• šikana * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Tento příspěvek se zabývá aktuálním tématem, kyberšikanou. Jedná se o novou formu šikany, která využívá k ubližování moderní informační a komunikační technologie, mezi které se řadí internet (e-mail, chat, sociální sítě, webové stránky a další) a mobilní telefony (SMS zprávy, MMS zprávy, videozáznamy). Cílem příspěvku je přiblížit možné psychické dopady na oběti, které mohou někdy končit tragicky, a zároveň seznámit se strategiemi zvládání nastalé situace. Příspěvek zahrnuje i vlastní výzkum, který mimo jiné zjišťoval, jaké strategie využívaly oběti kyberšikany ke zvládnutí situace a jak se po takové zkušenosti cítily. Vzhledem k tomu, že dochází k neustálému rozvoji moderních technologií, je potřeba zvyšovat informovanost o této problematice mezi širokou veřejností a předcházet tak dalším případům kyberšikany.

This paper deals with the current issue of cyberbullying. It is a new form of bullying which uses modern information and communication technologies (ICT) to harm others. ICT mean the internet (e-mail, chat, social networks, websites, etc.) and mobile phones (SMS messages, MMS messages, pictures, records). The purpose of this paper is to present possible psychological impacts on the victims, which can sometimes be really bad, and at the same time to present the strategies of coping with the situation. The paper also includes its own research, which among other things found out which strategies used the victims of cyberbullying to cope with the situation and how did they feel after that experience. Given that there is a continuous development of modern technologies, it is necessary to raise awareness among the general public and thus prevent further cases of cyberbullying.

• Klíčová slova
• strategie zvládání, copingové strategie,
• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• internet * MeSH
• kyberšikana MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• ochrana práv dítěte * psychologie   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• on-line systémy * MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky * MeSH
• psychosomatické poruchy * MeSH
• psychoterapie * MeSH
• šikana * klasifikace   psychologie   MeSH
• výzkum * organizace a řízení   statistika a číselné údaje   trendy   výchova   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH

Příspěvek se zabývá aktuálním tématem kyberšikany, která se v posledních letech spolu s rozvojem informačních a komunikačních technologií rychle vyvíjí a věnuje se jí čím dál větší pozornost. Hlavním předmětem příspěvku je vlastní výzkum, jehož cílem bylo zmapovat výskyt kyberšikany na základních školách Jihočeského kraje. Pro sběr dat byla použita technika dotazníku, který byl anonymní a byl distribuován v první polovině roku 2013 žákům druhého stupně základních škol v Jihočeském kraji. Celkem bylo vyhodnoceno 765 dotazníků, kdy z celkového počtu respondentů bylo 53 % chlapců a 47 % dívek. Výsledky tohoto výzkumu ukázaly, že oběťmi kyberšikany se za svůj život stalo celkem 21 % žáků druhého stupně základních škol. Nejčastěji byli žáci v online prostředí obtěžováni na chatu, a to v 37,8 % případů. Ke kyberšikanování druhých se přiznalo celkem 9,8 % žáků. Respondenti uvedli, že nejčastějším důvodem, proč se rozhodli kyberšikanovat druhé, byla zábava (26 %) a dále jiný než některý z uvedených důvodů (26 %). Oběti kyberšikany se vyskytují častěji mezi dívkami než mezi chlapci, avšak u agresorů je tomu naopak, tj. chlapci kyberšikanují druhé častěji než dívky.

The paper deals with the current topic of cyberbullying, which has been rapidly evolving in recent years. Together with the development of communication and information technologies, more and more attention is dedicated to this issue. The main theme of this paper is research directed at mapping the incidences of cyberbullying at primary schools of South Bohemia region. Data collection was done with the use of a questionnaire, which was anonymous and was distributed to 11–15 year-old pupils of primary schools in South Bohemia region in the first half of 2013. In total, 765 questionnaires were evaluated. There were 53% boys and 47% girls from the total number of respondents. The results of this research showed that in total, 21% of pupils at primary schools became a victim of cyberbullying sometime during their life time. In on-line environment, the pupils were most often harassed while chatting with someone. That involved 37.8% cases. In total, 9.8% of pupils admitted to cyberbullying others. The respondents reported that the most common reason why they decided to cyberbully the others was “amusement” (26%) and “for other reason”, reported (26%). The victims of cyberbullying are more prevalent among girls than among boys but it is opposite with the aggressors, i.e. boys cyberbully others more often than girls.

• Klíčová slova
• základní škola, žáci, agresor, oběť,
• MeSH
• agrese psychologie   MeSH
• chování mladistvých MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• internet využití   MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy MeSH
• kyberšikana MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• ochrana práv dítěte psychologie   zákonodárství a právo   MeSH
• poruchy sociálního chování patologie   prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• šikana * klasifikace   psychologie   MeSH
• školy * MeSH
• sociální média využití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

BACKGROUND: This study investigates both offline and online bullying perpetration and victimization in association with problematic internet use (PIU) and problematic smartphone use (PSU), while also considering the related psychosocial difficulties. METHODS: A total of 3939 adolescents (49.4% boys, aged 13-15 years) from a representative sample of schools in Slovakia was obtained from the Health Behavior in School-aged Children (HBSC) project in 2018. Due to the lack of similar complex research and the expected mutual associations among the constructs, we compared exploratory network models that provided separate estimates for boys and girls. RESULTS: The constructs formed similarly clustered networks for both genders, with a few notable differences. Unlike PIU, PSU was not associated with bullying experiences in boys or girls; however, PSU and PIU were partially related in girls. Bullying experiences formed a strong cluster in both networks. Two strong bridges were identified, and they are potential candidates for intervention in both boys and girls: first, traditional bullying victimization connected the cluster of bullying experiences to psychosocial difficulties; and, second, frequently missing sleep or meals due to internet use (behavioral salience) that is connected to the bullying cluster with PIU. CONCLUSIONS: The findings offer an indication for the preventive and interventive work of practitioners who deal with adolescents, as well as complex gender comparisons for the mutual relations of problematic internet and smartphone use, bullying experiences, and the psychosocial difficulties of youth. This study provides evidence that problematic digital media can play a role in bullying experiences irrespective of whether bullying happens offline or online.

• MeSH
• chytrý telefon MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• internet MeSH
• kyberšikana * prevence a kontrola   psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu * psychologie   MeSH
• šikana * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

This study investigated the role of medium (face-to-face, cyber) and publicity (public, private) in adolescents' perceptions of severity and coping strategies (i.e., avoidant, ignoring, helplessness, social support seeking, retaliation) for victimization, while accounting for gender and cultural values. There were 3432 adolescents (ages 11-15, 49% girls) in this study; they were from China, Cyprus, the Czech Republic, India, Japan, and the United States. Adolescents completed questionnaires on individualism and collectivism, and ratings of coping strategies and severity for public face-to-face victimization, private face-to-face victimization, public cyber victimization, and private cyber victimization. Findings revealed similarities in adolescents' coping strategies based on perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium for some coping strategies (i.e., social support seeking, retaliation) but differential associations for other coping strategies (i.e., avoidance, helplessness, ignoring). The results of this study are important for prevention and intervention efforts because they underscore the importance of teaching effective coping strategies to adolescents, and to consider how perceptions of severity, publicity, and medium might influence the implementation of these coping strategies.

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická MeSH
• chování mladistvých * MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• kyberšikana * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• oběti zločinu * MeSH
• šikana * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Online hatred based on attributes, such as origin, race, gender, religion, or sexual orientation, has become a rising public concern across the world. Past research on aggressive behavior suggests strong associations between victimization and perpetration and that toxic online disinhibition and sex might influence this relationship. However, no study investigated both the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration and the potential moderation effects of toxic online disinhibition on this relationship. To this end, the present study was conducted. The sample consists of 1,480 7th to 10th graders from Germany. Results revealed positive associations between online hate victimization and perpetration. Furthermore, the results support the idea that toxic online disinhibition and sex, by way of moderator effects, affect the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration. Victims of online hate reported more online hate perpetration when they reported higher levels of online disinhibition and less frequent online hate perpetration when they reported lower levels of toxic online disinhibition. Additionally, the relationship between online hate victimization and perpetration was significantly greater among boys than among girls. Taken together, our results extend previous findings to online hate involvement among adolescents and substantiate the importance to conduct more research on online hate. In addition, our findings highlight the need for prevention and intervention programs that help adolescents deal with the emerging issue of online hate.

• MeSH
• agrese MeSH
• inhibice (psychologie) * MeSH
• internet MeSH
• kyberšikana psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• nenávist * MeSH
• oběti zločinu psychologie   MeSH
• sexuální chování psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Německo MeSH