Poor lifestyle leads potentially to chronic diseases and low-grade physical and mental fitness. However, ahead of time, we can measure and analyze multiple aspects of physical and mental health, such as body parameters, health risk factors, degrees of motivation, and the overall willingness to change the current lifestyle. In conjunction with data representing human brain activity, we can obtain and identify human health problems resulting from a long-term lifestyle more precisely and, where appropriate, improve the quality and length of human life. Currently, brain and physical health-related data are not commonly collected and evaluated together. However, doing that is supposed to be an interesting and viable concept, especially when followed by a more detailed definition and description of their whole processing lifecycle. Moreover, when best practices are used to store, annotate, analyze, and evaluate such data collections, the necessary infrastructure development and more intense cooperation among scientific teams and laboratories are facilitated. This approach also improves the reproducibility of experimental work. As a result, large collections of physical and brain health-related data could provide a robust basis for better interpretation of a person's overall health. This work aims to overview and reflect some best practices used within global communities to ensure the reproducibility of experiments, collected datasets and related workflows. These best practices concern, e.g., data lifecycle models, FAIR principles, and definitions and implementations of terminologies and ontologies. Then, an example of how an automated workflow system could be created to support the collection, annotation, storage, analysis, and publication of findings is shown. The Body in Numbers pilot system, also utilizing software engineering best practices, was developed to implement the concept of such an automated workflow system. It is unique just due to the combination of the processing and evaluation of physical and brain (electrophysiological) data. Its implementation is explored in greater detail, and opportunities to use the gained findings and results throughout various application domains are discussed.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Review MeSH

Východiska: Problémové hraní a následný rozvoj patologického hráčství mají u mužů výrazný negativní vliv na klíčové oblasti života, z nichž mnohé jsou relevantní pro diagnostiku a preventivně-léčebnou péči. Je proto žádoucí lépe porozumět jednotlivým fázím hráčských kariér a jejich následkům. Cíle: Cílem studie bylo popsat fáze hráčských kariér a jejich dopady z klinického, sociálního, ekonomického i časového hlediska. Metody: Dotazník SOGS, polostrukturované interview. Soubor: Soubor tvořilo 147 pacientů-mužů léčených pro diagnózu F 63.0 patologické hráčství v psychiatrických nemocnicích Bohnice, Kroměříž a Opava. Interview se účastnilo 139 pacientů, dotazník SOGS vyplnilo 147 pacientů. Výsledky: Délka hráčské kariéry je individuální od 0,5 roku do 40 let. Iniciační fáze hraní obvykle začíná okolo 20 let věku (u 34,5 % účastníků). Mezi první zkušeností s hraním hazardních her a následným přechodem k pravidelnému hraní prakticky neexistuje žádná mezifáze. Zhruba po 6-8 letech (u 68 % účastníků) dochází k manifestaci prvních reálně reflektovaných vážných problémů způsobených hraním, i když v souboru byl patrný velký časový rozptyl této fáze. Po nástupu problémů trvá v průměru dalších 2 až 5 let, než se hráči rozhodnou a začnou se léčit. Mladší účastníci mají ve srovnání se staršími častější komorbidní problém s užíváním návykových látek při hře. Hráči popisují několik různých impulsů ke hře, častěji preferují jednu nebo jen menší množství heren. Jsou schopni za hrou i dojíždět navzdory vzdálenosti. Závěry: Problémové a patologické hraní zasahuje do všech klíčových oblastí života. Hráči mají vážné rodinné a vztahové problémy, čelí ztrátě zaměstnání, mají obrovské finanční dluhy atp. Vyskytuje se u nich psychiatrická komorbidita, jako je užívání návykových látek, afektivní poruchy (úzkosti, deprese), vykazují fabulace a kognitivní omyly, mají časté suicidální myšlenky, anebo i pokusy. Patologičtí hráči vyhledávají pobytovou léčbu, až když jsou v poslední, debaklové fázi svého hraní a čelí vážným následkům nashromážděným za mnoho let.

Background: Problem gambling among men and their subsequent progression to pathological gambling has a significant negative impact on the key areas of their life, many of which are relevant to the initial diagnostic and subsequent treatment process. There is great deal of relevant published literature and current research supporting this view. Objectives: The aim of this study is to describe the key stages of gamblers' lifecycle and the associated consequences from clinical, social, economic and time perspective. Methods: South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) questionnaire and semi-structured interviews were used. Sample: The sample audience consists of 147 men living in residential care all diagnosed with a problem of pathological gambling. Research was conducted within the specialized departments of three psychiatric hospitals, based in Bohnice, Kroměříž and Opava. In total 139 patients agreed to be interviewed. All 147 agreed to complete the SOGS questionnaire. Results: The length of the individual gamblers habit ranged from 0.5 to 40 years. The initial phase usually started around the age of 20 (34,5% of participants) but generally, it can start at any age. There is almost no gap between the first experience of gambling and the subsequent transition to regular gambling. The majority of participant (68 %) reported that the regular phase lasted between 6 and 8 years. Surprisingly only after this long term experience did the individual recognise the first real costs of the seriousness of the problem, triggered by the need for regular gambling. It generally took a further 2-5 years before they decided and agreed to enter a programme of treatment. Younger participants more frequently manifested comorbidity of a substance abuse problem while gambling in comparison with older. Participants described various triggers that led them to gamble. They usually prefer one or limit themselves to a few casinos or gambling rooms. They were capable of commuting to these places despite of the distance. Conclusions: Gambling affects all key areas of life. The participants, currently undergoing treatment, reported serious family and relationship problems, loss of employment and huge debts etc. Many indicators of psychopathological comorbidity such as substance abuse, affective disorders (anxiety, depression), suicidal thoughts and/or attempts were described. The majority of gamblers seek treatment as a last resort while in the "debacle" phase of their addiction and face serious consequences which have accumulated over the years of gambling.

• MeSH
• Mental Disorders diagnosis   epidemiology   MeSH
• Hospitalization MeSH
• Gambling * diagnosis   complications   psychology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Behavior, Addictive psychology   MeSH
• Suicide, Attempted MeSH
• Surveys and Questionnaires MeSH
• Data Collection MeSH
• Social Marginalization MeSH
• Socioeconomic Factors MeSH
• Age of Onset MeSH
• Age Distribution MeSH
• Patient Readmission MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Male MeSH
• Publication type
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Background: We present our current approaches to improving personal data protection in (i) large (regional/ national/international) scale health information exchanges (HIEs) and (ii) UK NHS IG toolkit and ISO 27001-compliant trustworthy research environments (TREs) for discovery science communities. In particular we examine impacts of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on these technology designs and developments and the responses we have made to control complexity. Methods: The paper discusses multiple requirements to implement the key GDPR principles of “data protection by design” and “data protection by default”, each requiring new capabilities to embed multiple security tests and data protection tools in common deployable infrastructures. Methods are presented for consistent implementation of diverse data processing use cases. Results: We describe how modular compositions of GDPRcompliant data processing software have been used to implement use case(s) and deliver information governance (IG) requirements transparently. Security surveillance analysis is embedded throughout the application lifecycle, namely at design, implementation and operation (runtime) phases. A solution is described to the challenge of integrating coherent research (analytic) environments for authorized researchers to access data and analytic tools without compromising security or privacy. Conclusion: We recognise the need for wider implementation of rigorous interoperability standards concerning privacy and security management. Standards can be disseminated within low-cost commodity infrastructures that are shared across consortium partners. Comprehensive model-based approaches to information management will be fundamental to guaranteeing security and privacy in challenging areas such as ethical use of artificial intelligence in medicine. The target architecture is still in evolution but needs a number of communitycollaborative API developments to couple advanced specifications fulfilling all IG requirements.

• Keywords
• GDPR,
• MeSH
• Electronic Data Processing standards   MeSH
• Health Information Interoperability standards   MeSH
• Health Information Management * methods   MeSH
• Computer Security standards   MeSH
• Health Information Systems standards   MeSH

Although pathogens are usually transmitted within the first 24-48 h of attachment of the castor bean tick Ixodes ricinus, little is known about the tick's biological responses at these earliest phases of attachment. Tick midgut and salivary glands are the main tissues involved in tick blood feeding and pathogen transmission but the limited genomic information for I. ricinus delays the application of high-throughput methods to study their physiology. We took advantage of the latest advances in the fields of Next Generation RNA-Sequencing and Label-free Quantitative Proteomics to deliver an unprecedented, quantitative description of the gene expression dynamics in the midgut and salivary glands of this disease vector upon attachment to the vertebrate host. A total of 373 of 1510 identified proteins had higher expression in the salivary glands, but only 110 had correspondingly high transcript levels in the same tissue. Furthermore, there was midgut-specific expression of 217 genes at both the transcriptome and proteome level. Tissue-dependent transcript, but not protein, accumulation was revealed for 552 of 885 genes. Moreover, we discovered the enrichment of tick salivary glands in proteins involved in gene transcription and translation, which agrees with the secretory role of this tissue; this finding also agrees with our finding of lower tick t-RNA representation in the salivary glands when compared with the midgut. The midgut, in turn, is enriched in metabolic components and proteins that support its mechanical integrity in order to accommodate and metabolize the ingested blood. Beyond understanding the physiological events that support hematophagy by arthropod ectoparasites, we discovered more than 1500 proteins located at the interface between ticks, the vertebrate host, and the tick-borne pathogens. Thus, our work significantly improves the knowledge of the genetics underlying the transmission lifecycle of this tick species, which is an essential step for developing alternative methods to better control tick-borne diseases.

• MeSH
• Gastrointestinal Tract metabolism   MeSH
• Ixodes anatomy & histology   genetics   growth & development   MeSH
• Molecular Sequence Data MeSH
• Organ Specificity MeSH
• Proteomics methods   MeSH
• Gene Expression Regulation MeSH
• RNA, Transfer metabolism   MeSH
• Salivary Glands metabolism   MeSH
• Life Cycle Stages MeSH
• Gene Expression Profiling methods   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Male MeSH
• Female MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

G-quadruplexes contribute to the regulation of key molecular processes. Their utilization for antiviral therapy is an emerging field of contemporary research. Here we present comprehensive analyses of the presence and localization of putative G-quadruplex forming sequences (PQS) in all viral genomes currently available in the NCBI database (including subviral agents). The G4Hunter algorithm was applied to a pool of 11,000 accessible viral genomes representing 350 Mbp in total. PQS frequencies differ across evolutionary groups of viruses, and are enriched in repeats, replication origins, 5'UTRs and 3'UTRs. Importantly, PQS presence and localization is connected to viral lifecycles and corresponds to the type of viral infection rather than to nucleic acid type; while viruses routinely causing persistent infections in Metazoa hosts are enriched for PQS, viruses causing acute infections are significantly depleted for PQS. The unique localization of PQS identifies the importance of G-quadruplex-based regulation of viral replication and life cycle, providing a tool for potential therapeutic targeting.

• MeSH
• Databases, Nucleic Acid * MeSH
• DNA, Viral genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• G-Quadruplexes * MeSH
• Genome, Viral * MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Virus Diseases * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Viruses * genetics   metabolism   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Beginning with an overview of food and food constituents, the book outlines current nutrient analysis systems, techniques for data analysis, and food labeling. The book reviews nutrition science including terminology, biochemistry, nutrient-nutrient interactions, and comparative nutrition. There is a detailed assessment in section three on nutritional needs throughout the lifecycle. It highlights exercise and the value of vegetarian diets in health promotion and disease prevention. Section four considers issues surrounding nutritional assessment, screening, and monitoring tools including questionnaires, and anthropometric-, psychological-, and energy-assessments. --Provided by publisher

• MeSH
• Diet MeSH
• Diet Therapy MeSH
• Nutritional Physiological Phenomena * MeSH
• Food * MeSH
• Research MeSH
• Publication type
• Handbook MeSH

• Conspectus
• Fyziologie člověka a srovnávací fyziologie
• NML Fields
• nutriční terapie, dietoterapie a výživa

UNLABELLED: Next generation sequencing and proteomics have helped to comprehensively characterize gene expression in tick salivary glands at both the transcriptome and the proteome level. Functional data are, however, lacking. Given that tick salivary secretions are critical to the success of the tick transmission lifecycle and, as a consequence, for host colonization by the pathogens they spread, we thoroughly review here the literature on the known interactions between tick saliva (or tick salivary gland extracts) and the innate and adaptive vertebrate immune system. The information is intended to serve as a reference for functional characterization of the numerous genes and proteins expressed in tick salivary glands with an ultimate goal to develop novel vector and pathogen control strategies. SIGNIFICANCE: We overview all the known interactions of tick saliva with the vertebrate immune system. The provided information is important, given the recent developments in high-throughput transcriptomic and proteomic analysis of gene expression in tick salivary glands, since it may serve as a guideline for the functional characterization of the numerous newly-discovered genes expressed in tick salivary glands.

• MeSH
• Insect Proteins immunology   MeSH
• Host-Parasite Interactions immunology   MeSH
• Ticks immunology   MeSH
• Models, Immunological MeSH
• Immunity, Innate immunology   MeSH
• Saliva immunology   secretion   MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
• Review MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Intramural MeSH

BACKGROUND: 3D printing is one of the fastest-growing technologies in medicine, but it is essential to have a system for 3D printing documentation that is accessible for not only clinical engineers and surgeons, but also quality managers and data-privacy officers in hospitals. Dedicated software such as product lifecycle management (PLM) software could enable comprehensive management and traceability of all data relevant to 3D printing tasks in a hospital and would highly beneficial. Therefore, customizable software called 3Diamond was developed for 3D printing in medicine. METHODS: The software development process involved several stages, including setting specifications based on end-user requirements, design, implementation, and testing. In order to ensure the software's long-term success and smooth operation, critical phases were also considered, such as deployment and maintenance. RESULTS: The developed software provides immediate and complete traceability of all preparations and controls, as well as management of reports, orders, stock, and post-operative follow-up of tasks related to 3D printing in a hospital. Based on user requirements, software testing is provided automatically with each release. The software was implemented in a natural clinical environment with a developed 3D printing center. CONCLUSION: Although 3D printing has potential for innovation in the medical profession, it is nevertheless subject to regulations. Even though there are exemptions for patient-specific products, the effects of their local legal implementations related to 3D printing cannot be fully overseen. To this end, 3Diamond provides a robust system for 3D printing documentation that is accessible to different personnel in hospitals.

• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

Se vzrůstajícím významem umělé inteligence (AI) ve zdravotnictví přicházejí i nové perspektivy v primární péči. Včasné odhalení diabetické retinopatie (DR), jedné z mikrovaskulárních komplikací diabetu mellitu, může jednak předejít vývoji do komplikovaných forem, jednak vést ke včasnému pátrání po dalších komplikacích diabetu. AI přináší slibné řešení, které může zvýšit dostupnost screeningového vyšetření diabetické retinopatie více pacientům. Klíčové je úspěšné uvedení řešení do klinické praxe, což je náročný proces s několika fázemi zajišťujícími, že výsledný zdravotnický prostředek bude účinný a bezpečný pro použití u pacientů. Software Aireen využívá umělou inteligenci k provádění screeningu DR na snímcích sítnice z optických fundus kamer. Tento zdravotnický prostředek (ZP) splňuje evropské nařízení o zdravotnických prostředcích 2017/745 a v roce 2023 byl uveden na trh. Klíčovou roli v procesu celého jeho životního cyklu sehrála spolupráce mezi lékaři a vývojovým týmem. Lékaři se podíleli na definovaní určeného účelu použití ZP, analýze rizik, anotace dat určených pro učení a validaci softwaru a také klinické zkoušce. Klinická zkouška byla provedena na 1274 pacientech s diabetem 1. a 2. typu, kde ZP Aireen dosáhl senzitivity 94,0 % a specificity 90,7 % ve srovnání s referenčním hodnocením. Klinická zkouška tak potvrdila potenciál Aireen zvýšit dostupnost screeningu DR a zlepšit včasný záchyt onemocnění.

With the growing significance of artificial intelligence in healthcare, new perspectives are emerging in primary care. Diabetic retinopathy, a microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, often remains unnoticed until patient is facing complications. Artificial intelligence presents a promising solution that can enhance the accessibility of diabetic retinopathy screening for a broader range of patients. The key challenge lies in successfully integrating the solution into clinical practice, a demanding process with multiple phases to ensure the resulting medical device is effective and safe for patient use. Aireen software uses artificial intelligence to perform diabetic retinopathy screening on retinal images captured by optical fundus cameras. The medical device complies with European Medical Device Regulation 2017/745 and was introduced to the market in 2023. Collaboration between physicians and the development team played a crucial role throughout the entire lifecycle of the medical device. Physicians were engaged in defining the intended use of the medical device, risk analysis, data annotation for training and software validation, as well as throughout a clinical trial. A clinical trial was conducted on 1,274 patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, where Aireen medical device achieved a sensitivity of 94.0% and a specificity of 90.7% compared to the reference evaluation. This clinical trial confirmed the potential of Aireen to enhance the availability of diabetic retinopathy screening and early disease detection.

• Keywords
• software Airreen,
• MeSH
• Diabetic Retinopathy * diagnostic imaging   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Software Design MeSH
• Vision Screening MeSH
• Artificial Intelligence * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Biogeographical and ecological barriers strongly affect the course of micro-evolutionary processes in free living organisms. Here we assess the impact of a recently emerged barrier on populations of limnic fauna. Genetic diversity and population structure in a host-parasite system (Wenyonia virilis tapeworm, Synodontis schall catfish) are analyzed in the recently divided Turkana and Nile basins. The two basins, were repeatedly connected during the Holocene wet/dry climatic oscillations, following late Pleistocene dessication of the Turkana basin. Mitochondrial DNA sequences for cytochrome oxidase I gene (cox I) and a whole genome scanning method-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were employed. A total of 347 cox I sequences (representing 209 haplotypes) and 716 AFLP fragments, as well as 120 cox I sequences (20 haplotypes) and 532 AFLP fragments were obtained from parasites and hosts, respectively. Although results indicate that host and parasite populations share some formative traits (bottlenecks, Nilotic origin), their population histories/patterns differ markedly. Mitochondrial analysis revealed that parasite populations evolve significantly faster and show remarkably higher genetic variability. Analyses of both markers confirmed that the parasites undergo lineage fission, forming new clusters specific for either freshwater or saline parts of Lake Turkana. In congruence with the geological history, these clusters apparently indicate multiple colonisations of Lake Turkana from the Nile. In contrast, the host population pattern indicates fusion of different colonisation waves. Although fish host populations remain connected, saline habitats in Lake Turkana (absent in the Nile), apparently pose a barrier to the gene flow in the parasite, possibly due to its multihost lifecycle, which involves freshwater annelids. Despite partially corroborating mitochondrial results, AFLP data was not sufficiently informative for analyzing populations with recently mixed biogeographic histories.

• MeSH
• Cestoda genetics   MeSH
• Cestode Infections genetics   parasitology   veterinary   MeSH
• Ecosystem MeSH
• Extreme Environments * MeSH
• Phylogeny MeSH
• Haplotypes MeSH
• Host-Parasite Interactions genetics   MeSH
• Lakes MeSH
• DNA, Mitochondrial MeSH
• Evolution, Molecular * MeSH
• Fish Diseases genetics   parasitology   MeSH
• Polymorphism, Genetic MeSH
• Helminth Proteins genetics   MeSH
• Electron Transport Complex IV genetics   MeSH
• Saline Waters MeSH
• Catfishes genetics   parasitology   MeSH
• Models, Theoretical MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Geographicals
• Kenya MeSH