Three slow growing, melanized and morphologically poorly differentiated fungal strains were isolated from a hyperaemic focus near the enlarged spleen of a farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and from a rock collected at 3,200 m a. s. l. (Alps, Italy). Two phylogenetic analyses of the combined nuc18S and nuc28S rDNA and ITS rDNA and β-tubulin sequences showed that these isolates belong to the Trichomeriaceae, a family of the ascomycete order Chaetothyriales containing black yeasts that cause infections in humans and animals. The strains form a well-supported monophyletic clade. The new genus Bradymyces, with two new species, Bradymyces oncorhynchi and Bradymyces alpinus, is proposed based on phylogenetic, ecophysiological and morphological data. It is characterized by the presence of moniliform hyphae, blastic proliferation, endoconidia, multicellular and muriform bodies, and bodies with dark fragmented incrustations on the surface. Bradymyces most closely resembles members of Knufia. The ex-type isolate of B. oncorhynchi CCF 4369(T) ( = CBS 133066(T) = CCFEE 6134(T)) represents the first case of a Trichomeriaceae member isolated from cold-blooded water vertebrates. B. alpinus [ex-type strain CCFEE 5493(T) ( = CBS 138368(T) = CCF 4803(T))] is represented by two isolates from a single locality in the Alps and in contrast to B. oncorhynchi shows overall slower growth parameters and does not grow at 25 °C.

• MeSH
• Ascomycota klasifikace   cytologie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• DNA fungální chemie   genetika   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• intergenová DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• mikrobiologie životního prostředí MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• molekulární sekvence - údaje MeSH
• Oncorhynchus mykiss mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ribozomální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 18S genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 28S genetika   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• shluková analýza MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• tubulin genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Saprochaete and Geotrichum spp. are rare emerging fungi causing invasive fungal diseases in immunosuppressed patients and scarce evidence is available for treatment decisions. Among 505 cases of rare IFD from the FungiScope(™) registry, we identified 23 cases of invasive infections caused by these fungi reported from 10 countries over a 12-year period. All cases were adults and previous chemotherapy with associated neutropenia was the most common co-morbidity. Fungaemia was confirmed in 14 (61%) cases and deep organ involvement included lungs, liver, spleen, central nervous system and kidneys. Fungi were S. capitata (n=14), S. clavata (n=5), G. candidum (n=2) and Geotrichum spp. (n=2). Susceptibility was tested in 16 (70%) isolates. All S. capitata and S. clavata isolates with the exception of one S. capitata (MIC 4 mg/L) isolate had MICs>32 mg/L for caspofungin. For micafungin and anidulafungin, MICs varied between 0.25 and >32 mg/L. One case was diagnosed postmortem, 22 patients received targeted treatment, with voriconazole as the most frequent first line drug. Overall mortality was 65% (n=15). Initial echinocandin treatment was associated with worse outcome at day 30 when compared to treatment with other antifungals (amphotericin B ± flucytosine, voriconazole, fluconazole and itraconazole) (P=.036). Echinocandins are not an option for these infections.

• MeSH
• amfotericin B farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• echinokandiny farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• flukonazol farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• fungemie diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• geotrichóza farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• Geotrichum klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• imunokompromitovaný pacient MeSH
• invazivní mykotické infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipopeptidy farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• neutropenie komplikace   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• registrace * MeSH
• Saccharomycetales klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• vorikonazol farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH

A leading pharmacological strategy toward HIV cure requires "shock" or activation of HIV gene expression in latently infected cells with latency reversal agents (LRAs) followed by their subsequent clearance. In a screen for novel LRAs, we used fungal secondary metabolites as a source of bioactive molecules. Using orthogonal mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to latency reversal bioassays, we identified gliotoxin (GTX) as a novel LRA. GTX significantly induced HIV-1 gene expression in latent ex vivo infected primary cells and in CD4+ T cells from all aviremic HIV-1+ participants. RNA sequencing identified 7SK RNA, the scaffold of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) inhibitory 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex, to be significantly reduced upon GTX treatment of CD4+ T cells. GTX directly disrupted 7SK snRNP by targeting La-related protein 7 (LARP7), releasing active P-TEFb, which phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain (CTD), inducing HIV transcription.

• MeSH
• gliotoxin * metabolismus   MeSH
• HeLa buňky MeSH
• HIV infekce * farmakoterapie   MeSH
• HIV-1 * metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pozitivní transkripční elongační faktor b genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny vázající RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny malé jaderné chemie   MeSH
• ribonukleoproteiny MeSH
• transkripční faktory metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Species of Scedosporium and Lomentospora are considered as emerging opportunists, affecting immunosuppressed and otherwise debilitated patients, although classically they are known from causing trauma-associated infections in healthy individuals. Clinical manifestations range from local infection to pulmonary colonization and severe invasive disease, in which mortality rates may be over 80%. These unacceptably high rates are due to the clinical status of patients, diagnostic difficulties, and to intrinsic antifungal resistance of these fungi. In consequence, several consortia have been founded to increase research efforts on these orphan fungi. The current review presents recent findings and summarizes the most relevant points, including the Scedosporium/Lomentospora taxonomy, environmental distribution, epidemiology, pathology, virulence factors, immunology, diagnostic methods, and therapeutic strategies.

• MeSH
• antifungální látky farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Ascomycota klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• chirurgie operační MeSH
• ekologie MeSH
• faktory virulence MeSH
• imunokompromitovaný pacient MeSH
• interakce hostitele a patogenu imunologie   MeSH
• kombinovaná terapie MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mnohočetná fungální léková rezistence genetika   MeSH
• molekulární typizace MeSH
• mykózy diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• oportunní infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   terapie   MeSH
• Scedosporium klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Fungi are an understudied resource possessing huge potential for developing products that can greatly improve human well-being. In the current paper, we highlight some important discoveries and developments in applied mycology and interdisciplinary Life Science research. These examples concern recently introduced drugs for the treatment of infections and neurological diseases; application of -OMICS techniques and genetic tools in medical mycology and the regulation of mycotoxin production; as well as some highlights of mushroom cultivaton in Asia. Examples for new diagnostic tools in medical mycology and the exploitation of new candidates for therapeutic drugs, are also given. In addition, two entries illustrating the latest developments in the use of fungi for biodegradation and fungal biomaterial production are provided. Some other areas where there have been and/or will be significant developments are also included. It is our hope that this paper will help realise the importance of fungi as a potential industrial resource and see the next two decades bring forward many new fungal and fungus-derived products.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

With increasing numbers of patients needing intensive care or who are immunosuppressed, infections caused by moulds other than Aspergillus spp or Mucorales are increasing. Although antifungal prophylaxis has shown effectiveness in preventing many invasive fungal infections, selective pressure has caused an increase of breakthrough infections caused by Fusarium, Lomentospora, and Scedosporium species, as well as by dematiaceous moulds, Rasamsonia, Schizophyllum, Scopulariopsis, Paecilomyces, Penicillium, Talaromyces and Purpureocillium species. Guidance on the complex multidisciplinary management of infections caused by these pathogens has the potential to improve prognosis. Management routes depend on the availability of diagnostic and therapeutic options. The present recommendations are part of the One World-One Guideline initiative to incorporate regional differences in the epidemiology and management of rare mould infections. Experts from 24 countries contributed their knowledge and analysed published evidence on the diagnosis and treatment of rare mould infections. This consensus document intends to provide practical guidance in clinical decision making by engaging physicians and scientists involved in various aspects of clinical management. Moreover, we identify areas of uncertainty and constraints in optimising this management.

• MeSH
• houby účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• management nemoci MeSH
• mykologie MeSH
• mykózy diagnóza   farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• směrnice pro lékařskou praxi jako téma MeSH
• společnosti lékařské MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Medically important pathogenic fungi invade vertebrate tissue and are considered primary when part of their nature life cycle is associated with an animal host and are usually able to infect immunocompetent hosts. Opportunistic fungal pathogens complete their life cycle in environmental habitats or occur as commensals within or on the vertebrate body, but under certain conditions can thrive upon infecting humans. The extent of host damage in opportunistic infections largely depends on the portal and modality of entry as well as on the host's immune and metabolic status. Diseases caused by primary pathogens and common opportunists, causing the top approximately 80% of fungal diseases [D. W. Denning, Lancet Infect Dis, 24:e428-e438, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(23)00692-8], tend to follow a predictive pattern, while those by occasional opportunists are more variable. For this reason, it is recommended that diseases caused by primary pathogens and the common opportunists are named after the etiologic agent, for example, histoplasmosis and aspergillosis, while this should not be done for occasional opportunists that should be named as [causative fungus] [clinical syndrome], for example, Alternaria alternata cutaneous infection. The addition of a descriptor that identifies the location or clinical type of infection is required, as the general name alone may cover widely different clinical syndromes, for example, "rhinocerebral mucormycosis." A list of major recommended human and animal disease entities (nomenclature) is provided in alignment with their causative agents. Fungal disease names may encompass several genera of etiologic agents, consequently being less susceptible to taxonomic changes of the causative species, for example, mucormycosis covers numerous mucormycetous molds.

• MeSH
• houby * klasifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mykózy * mikrobiologie   MeSH
• oportunní infekce mikrobiologie   MeSH
• terminologie jako téma * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• alergologie a imunologie MeSH
• bakteriologie MeSH
• mikrobiologie MeSH
• mykologie MeSH
• parazitologie MeSH
• virologie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• monografie MeSH

• Konspekt
• Mikrobiologie
• NLK Obory
• mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
• parazitologie
• virologie
• alergologie a imunologie
• bakteriologie