memory binding
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Prenatal exposure to caffeine can cause developmental problems. This study determined chronic influence of prenatal caffeine at relatively higher doses on cognitive functions in the rat offspring. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats (4-month-old) were exposed to caffeine (20 mg/kg, twice a day) for whole pregnancy from gestational day 4. Fetal and offspring body and brain weight was measured. Learning and memory were tested in adult offspring with Morris water maze. Learning and memory-related receptors were measured. The exposure to prenatal caffeine not only caused fetal growth restriction, but also showed long-term effects on learning and memory in the offspring. The caffeine offspring exhibited longer escape latency and path length in navigation testing. The number of passing the target was significantly reduced in those offspring. The expression of adenosine A(1) and A(2A) receptors, nuclear PKA C(alpha), C(beta) subunits, and pCREB were significantly increased in the fetal and neonatal brain, and suppressed in the hippocampus of the adult offspring. The expression of BDNF and TrkB were reduced regardless of various ages. The results suggest that intrauterine programming dysfunction of adenosine receptors and the down-stream of cAMP/PKA/pCREB system may play an important role in prenatal caffeine induced cognition disorders in the adult offspring.
- MeSH
- bludiště - učení účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- kofein toxicita MeSH
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mozkový neurotrofický faktor metabolismus MeSH
- paměť účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- poruchy paměti chemicky indukované diagnóza metabolismus MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- protein vázající cAMP responzivní element metabolismus MeSH
- proteinkinasy závislé na cyklickém AMP metabolismus MeSH
- purinergní receptory P1 metabolismus MeSH
- signální transdukce účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice chemicky indukované diagnóza metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- krysa rodu rattus MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: The present study aims to examine whether declarative memory dysfunction relates to impaired core memory mechanisms or attentional and executive dysfunction in idiopathic REM Sleep Behavior Disorder (iRBD). METHOD: In this observational, cross-sectional study, were enrolled 82 individuals with the diagnosis of iRBD according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders and 49-matched healthy controls fulfilling inclusion criteria. All participants underwent two memory tasks, namely the Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test (RAVLT) and Memory Binding Test (MBT), which include conditions of varying degrees of dependence on executive functioning, as well as different indicators of core memory processes (e.g., learning, retention, relational binding). RESULTS: We used Bayesian multivariate generalized linear model analysis to evaluate the effect of iRBD on memory performance controlled for effects of age and sex. Individuals with iRBD displayed worse memory performance in the delayed free recall task (b = -0.37, 95% PPI [-0.69, -0.05]), but not on delayed recognition of the same material. Their performance in cued recall tasks both in immediate and delayed conditions was in comparison to controls relatively spared. Moreover, the deficit in delayed free recall was mediated by attention/processing speed. CONCLUSIONS: In iRBD, we replicated findings of reduced free recall based on inefficient retrieval (retrieval deficit), which was small in terms of effect size. Importantly, the memory profile across measures does not support the presence of core memory dysfunction, such as poor learning, retention or associative binding.
Innovative memory paradigms have been introduced to capture subtle memory changes in early Alzheimer's disease (AD). We aimed to examine the associations between different indexes of the challenging Memory Binding Test (MBT) and hippocampal volume (HV) in a sample of individuals with subjective cognitive decline (SCD; n = 50), amnestic mild cognitive impairment (aMCI) due to AD (n = 31), and cognitively normal (CN) older adults (n = 29) recruited from the Czech Brain Aging Study, in contrast to traditional verbal memory tests. Both MBT free and cued recall scores in immediate and delayed recall conditions were associated with lower HV in both SCD and aMCI due to AD, whereas in traditional verbal memory tests only delayed recall scores were associated with lower HV. In SCD, the associations with lower HV in the immediate recall covered specific cued recall indexes only. In conclusion, the MBT is a promising test for detecting subtle hippocampal-associated memory decline during the predementia continuum.
- MeSH
- demence * diagnóza MeSH
- hipokampus MeSH
- kognice MeSH
- krátkodobá paměť MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rozpomínání * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Episodic memory, the ability to recall specific events and experiences, is a cornerstone of human cognition with profound clinical implications. While animal studies have provided valuable insights into the neuronal underpinnings of episodic memory, research has largely relied on a limited subset of tasks that model only some aspects of episodic memory. In this narrative review, we provide an overview of rodent episodic-like memory tasks that expand the methodological repertoire and diversify the approaches used in episodic-like memory research. These tasks assess various aspects of human episodic memory, such as integrated what-where-when or what-where memory, source memory, free recall, temporal binding, and threshold retrieval dynamics. We review each task's general principle and consider whether alternative non-episodic mechanisms can account for the observed behavior. While our list of tasks is not exhaustive, we hope it will guide researchers in selecting models that align with their specific research objectives, leading to novel advancements and a more comprehensive understanding of mechanisms underlying specific aspects of episodic memory.
- MeSH
- epizodická paměť * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurovědy metody MeSH
- rozpomínání fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Memory impairment has been considered as one of the earliest clinical hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease. This paper summarizes recent progress in the assessment of memory impairment in predementia stages. New promising approaches of memory assessment include evaluation of longitudinal cognitive changes, assessment of long-term memory loss, evaluation of subjective cognitive concerns and testing of other memory modalities, such as spatial memory. In addition, we describe new challenging memory tests based on memory binding paradigms that have been recently developed and are currently being validated.
Insulin-like growth factors 2 and 1 (IGF2 and IGF1) and insulin are closely related hormones that are responsible for the regulation of metabolic homeostasis, development and growth of the organism. Physiological functions of insulin and IGF1 are relatively well-studied, but information about the role of IGF2 in the body is still sparse. Recent discoveries called attention to emerging functions of IGF2 in the brain, where it could be involved in processes of learning and memory consolidation. It was also proposed that these functions could be mediated by the receptor for IGF2 (IGF2R). Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanism of signal transduction through this receptor. Here we produced His-tagged domain 11 (D11), an IGF2-binding element of IGF2R; we immobilized it on the solid support through a well-defined sandwich, consisting of neutravidin, biotin and synthetic anti-His-tag antibodies. Next, we prepared specifically radiolabeled [125I]-monoiodotyrosyl-Tyr2-IGF2 and optimized a sensitive and robust competitive radioligand binding assay for determination of the nanomolar binding affinities of hormones for D11 of IGF2. The assay will be helpful for the characterization of new IGF2 mutants to study the functions of IGF2R and the development of new compounds for the treatment of neurological disorders.
- MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor I metabolismus MeSH
- insulinu podobný růstový faktor II metabolismus MeSH
- kompetitivní vazba MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- radioizotopy jodu MeSH
- radioligandová zkouška metody MeSH
- receptor IGF typ 2 imunologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- signální transdukce MeSH
- vazba proteinů MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
All components of the CNS are surrounded by a diffuse extracellular matrix (ECM) containing chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans (CSPGs), heparan sulphate proteoglycans (HSPGs), hyaluronan, various glycoproteins including tenascins and thrombospondin, and many other molecules that are secreted into the ECM and bind to ECM components. In addition, some neurons, particularly inhibitory GABAergic parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons, are surrounded by a more condensed cartilage-like ECM called perineuronal nets (PNNs). PNNs surround the soma and proximal dendrites as net-like structures that surround the synapses. Attention has focused on the role of PNNs in the control of plasticity, but it is now clear that PNNs also play an important part in the modulation of memory. In this review we summarize the role of the ECM, particularly the PNNs, in the control of various types of memory and their participation in memory pathology. PNNs are now being considered as a target for the treatment of impaired memory. There are many potential treatment targets in PNNs, mainly through modulation of the sulphation, binding, and production of the various CSPGs that they contain or through digestion of their sulphated glycosaminoglycans.
- MeSH
- chondroitinsulfát proteoglykany * metabolismus MeSH
- dendrity metabolismus MeSH
- extracelulární matrix * metabolismus MeSH
- neurony metabolismus MeSH
- neuroplasticita fyziologie MeSH
- synapse metabolismus MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are the main active component of perineuronal nets (PNNs). Digestion of the glycosaminoglycan chains of CSPGs with chondroitinase ABC or transgenic attenuation of PNNs leads to prolongation of object recognition memory and activation of various forms of plasticity in the adult central nervous system. The inhibitory properties of the CSPGs depend on the pattern of sulfation of their glycosaminoglycans, with chondroitin 4-sulfate (C4S) being the most inhibitory form. In this study, we tested a number of candidates for functional blocking of C4S, leading to selection of an antibody, Cat316, which specifically recognizes C4S and blocks its inhibitory effects on axon growth. It also partly blocks binding of semaphorin 3A to PNNs and attenuates PNN formation. We asked whether injection of Cat316 into the perirhinal cortex would have the same effects on memory as chondroitinase ABC treatment. We found that masking C4S with the Cat316 antibody extended long-term object recognition memory in normal wild-type mice to 24 hours, similarly to chondroitinase or transgenic PNN attenuation. We then tested Cat316 for restoration of memory in a neurodegeneration model. Mice expressing tau with the P301S mutation showed profound loss of object recognition memory at 4 months of age. Injection of Cat316 into the perirhinal cortex normalized object recognition at 3 hours in P301S mice. These data indicate that Cat316 binding to C4S in the extracellular matrix can restore plasticity and memory in the same way as chondroitinase ABC digestion. Our results suggest that antibodies to C4S could be a useful therapeutic to restore memory function in neurodegenerative disorders.
- MeSH
- Alzheimerova nemoc farmakoterapie etiologie patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- antigeny imunologie metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- cílená molekulární terapie MeSH
- extracelulární matrix metabolismus MeSH
- kultivované buňky MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši transgenní MeSH
- neurodegenerativní nemoci farmakoterapie etiologie patofyziologie psychologie MeSH
- neuroplasticita MeSH
- neutralizující protilátky terapeutické užití MeSH
- paměť fyziologie MeSH
- potkani Sprague-Dawley MeSH
- proteoglykany imunologie metabolismus fyziologie MeSH
- protilátky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- reakční čas MeSH
- tauopatie komplikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
