optical infrared sensor
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We designed a simple, portable, low-cost and low-weight nondispersive infrared (NDIR) spectroscopy-based system for continuous remote sensing of atmospheric methane (CH4) with rapidly pulsed near-infrared light emitting diodes (NIR LED) at 1.65 μm. The use of a microcontroller with a field programmable gate array (μC-FPGA) enables on-the-fly and wireless streaming and processing of large data streams (~2 Gbit/s). The investigated NIR LED detection system offers favourable limits of detection (LOD) of 300 ppm (±5%) CH4,. All the generated raw data were processed automatically on-the-fly in the μC-FPGA and transferred wirelessly via a network connection. The sensing device was deployed for the portable sensing of atmospheric CH4 at a local landfill, resulting in quantified concentrations within the sampling area (ca 400 m2) in the range of 0.5%-3.35% CH4. This NIR LED-based sensor system offers a simple low-cost solution for continuous real-time, quantitative, and direct measurement of CH4 concentrations in indoor and outdoor environments, yet with the flexibility provided by the custom programmable software. It possesses future potential for remote monitoring of gases directly from mobile platforms such as smartphones and unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV).
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
The article deals with selection of a suitable method for an intracranial measurement of physiological parameters of the brain tissue. The goals of a subsequent clinical study will be investigation of the local physiological parameters of the brain tissue (partial pressure of oxygen – PO2, partial pressure of carbon dioxide – PCO2, acidity – pH, electrical activity, etc.) and their relationship with the selected artifi cial lung ventilation parameters. The methods suitable for measuring these physiological parameters include the measuring by metal microelectrodes, microelectrode arrays (MEAs) or optical methods as fi bber-optic sensors and near infrared spectroscopy (NIRS).
- MeSH
- blízká infračervená spektroskopie metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- experimenty na zvířatech MeSH
- financování organizované MeSH
- mikroelektrody využití MeSH
- monitorování fyziologických funkcí metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- mozek - chemie fyziologie MeSH
- mozek fyziologie MeSH
- optická vlákna MeSH
- počítačové zpracování signálu přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- potkani Wistar MeSH
- umělé dýchání metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
Because of their obvious advantages, active and passive optoelectronic sensor concepts are being investigated by biomedical research groups worldwide, particularly their camera-based variants. Such methods work noninvasively and contactless, and they provide spatially resolved parameter detection. We present 2 techniques: the active photoplethysmography imaging (PPGI) method for detecting dermal blood perfusion dynamics and the passive infrared thermography imaging (IRTI) method for detecting skin temperature distribution. PPGI is an enhancement of classical pulse oximetry. Approved algorithms from pulse oximetry for the detection of heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure-dependent pulse wave velocity, pulse waveform-related stress/pain indicators, respiration rate, respiratory variability, and vasomotional activity can easily be adapted to PPGI. Although the IRTI method primarily records temperature distribution of the observed object, information on respiration rate and respiratory variability can also be derived by analyzing temperature change over time, for example, in the nasal region, or through respiratory movement. Combined with current research areas and novel biomedical engineering applications (eg, telemedicine, tele-emergency, and telemedical diagnostics), PPGI and IRTI may offer new data for diagnostic purposes, including assessment of peripheral arterial and venous oxygen saturation (as well as their differences). Moreover, facial expressions and stress and/or pain-related variables can be derived, for example, during anesthesia, in the recovery room/intensive care unit and during daily activities. The main advantages of both monitoring methods are unobtrusive data acquisition and the possibility to assess vital variables for different body regions. These methods supplement each other to enable long-term monitoring of physiological effects and of effects with special local characteristics. They also offer diagnostic advantages for intensive care patients and for high-risk patients in a homecare/outdoor setting. Selected applications have been validated at our laboratory using optical PPGI and IRTI techniques in a stand-alone or hybrid configuration. Additional research and validation is required before these preliminary results can be introduced for clinical applications.
- MeSH
- ambulantní monitorování přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- design vybavení MeSH
- fotopletysmografie * přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- hemodynamika * MeSH
- infračervené záření MeSH
- kůže krevní zásobení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mechanika dýchání * MeSH
- měniče MeSH
- optické zobrazování * přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- oxymetrie * přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
- regionální krevní průtok MeSH
- reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
- rychlost toku krve MeSH
- teploměry MeSH
- teplota kůže * MeSH
- termografie * přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- výraz obličeje * MeSH
- zdravotní stav MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Předmětem sdělení je informace o konstrukci kožního spektrofotometru s kontinuálním spektrem, u kterého byly použity nové součásti. Jde o optická vlákna umožňující přenos informace v blízkém infračerveném, viditelném i ultrafialovém spektru. Dále bylo zabudováno monolytické jádro s CCD elementy a integrační koule, tj. senzor, vlastní konstrukce. Po mnohých pokusech a studiu literatury byly využity komponenty firmy Ocean Optics (USA). Přístroj je opatřen firemním i vlastním softwarem a umožňuje grafické i matematické zpracování naměřených dat. Měření jsou reprodukovatelná, zajištěna je několikerá kalibrace. Řešení je značně levnější, tedy ekonomicky dostupnější než srovnatelné přístroje. Jsou porovnány možnosti a rozdfly s Ramanovou spektroskopií a s přístrojem Spex Skin Scan.V závěru je provedeno technické zhodnocení přístroje, zmíněna možnost využití i v hodnocení fluorescence kůže, popř, ve fotodynamické diagnostice. Vyjmenováno je 14 nejčastějších způsobů použití v praxi i výzkumu. Konkrétní vlastní výsledky měření jsou pro rozsah uvedeny v závěrečné zprávě gramu IGA MZ ČR a v dalších publikacích.
The subject of the paper is information on the construction of a Skin Spectrophotometer with a continuous Spectrum where new spare parts were used. The latter comprise optic fibres which make transmission of information in the Glose infrared visible and ultraviolet Spectrum possible. Also a monolytic nucleus with CCD elementy and integration globes, i.e. a sensor of the authors' own design. After many trials and study of the literatury a component produced by Ocean Optics (USA) Co. was used. The apparatus uses the manufacturers' and the authors' own software and makes graphic and mathematical processing of the assessed data possible. The estimations are reproducible, several calibrations were made. The solution is much cheaper, i.e. economically more accessible than comparable equipment. The authors compare the possibilities and differences with Raman's spectroscopy and with the Spex Skin Scan apparatus.In the conclusion the authors evaluate the apparatus from the technickl aspect, mention its possible use also for evaluation of Skin fluorescence and possibly in photodynamic diagnosis. The authors list the 14 most frequent ways of use in practice and for research. Their own results of estimations are presented, with regard to their scope, in the hnal IGA MofH CR report and further publications.
- MeSH
- kůže MeSH
- nádory kůže diagnóza MeSH
- spektrofotometrie metody přístrojové vybavení využití MeSH
- zdravotnické prostředky MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
RATIONALE: Silver tellurides find applications in the development of infrared detection, imaging, magnetics, sensors, memory devices, and optic materials. However, only a limited number of silver tellurides have been described to date. Laser ablation synthesis (LAS) was selected to generate new Ag-Te clusters. METHODS: Isothermal adsorption was used to study the formation of silver nano-particles-tellurium aggregates. Laser desorption ionization quadrupole ion trap time-of-flight mass spectrometry (LDI-QIT-TOFMS) was used for the generation and analysis of Agm Ten clusters. Scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to visualize the structure of materials. The stoichiometry of the generated clusters was determined by computer modeling of isotopic patterns. RESULTS: A simple, one-pot method for the preparation of Ag-Te nano-composite was developed and found suitable for LAS of silver tellurides. The LDI of Ag-Te nano-composite leads to the formation of 11 unary and 52 binary clusters. The stoichiometry of the 34 novel Agm Ten clusters is reported here for the first time. CONCLUSIONS: LAS with TOFMS detection was proven to be a powerful technique for the generation of silver telluride clusters. Knowledge of the stoichiometry of the generated clusters might facilitate the further development of novel high-tech silver tellurium nano-materials.
