Caffeine is the most widely consumed psychoactive substance worldwide, affecting numerous tissues and organs, with notable impacts on the central nervous system, heart, and blood vessels. The effect of caffeine on vascular smooth muscle cells is an initial transient contraction followed by significant vasodilatation. In this study we investigate the use of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) for monitoring of vascular changes in human skin induced by caffeine consumption. DRS spectra were recorded on volar sides of the forearms of eight healthy volunteers at time intervals of 0, 30, 60, 120, and 180 min after consumption of caffeine, while one subject served as a negative control. Analytical diffusion approximation solutions for diffuse reflectance from three-layer structures were used to assess skin composition (e.g. dermal blood volume fraction and oxygen saturation) by fitting these solutions to experimental data. The results demonstrate that cutaneous vasodynamics induced by caffeine consumption can be monitored by DRS, while changes in the control subject not consuming caffeine were insignificant.

• MeSH
• kofein * MeSH
• kůže * krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• spektrální analýza metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

During phototherapy of jaundiced newborns, vasodilation occurs in the skin circulation compensated by vasoconstriction in the renal and mesenteric circulation. Furthermore, there is a slight decrease in cardiac systolic volume, and blood pressure, as well as an increase in heart rate and discrete changes in the heart rate variability (HRV). The primary change during phototherapy is the skin vasodilation mediated by multiple mechanisms: 1) Passive vasodilation induced by direct skin heating effect of the body surface and subcutaneous blood vessels, modified by myogenic autoregulation. 2) Active vasodilation mediated via the mechanism provided by axon reflexes through nerve C-fibers and humoral mechanism via nitric oxide (NO) and endothelin 1 (ET-1). During and after phototherapy is a rise in the NO:ET-1 ratio. 3) Regulation of the skin circulation through the sympathetic nerves is unique, but their role in skin vasodilation during phototherapy was not studied. 4) Special mechanism is a photorelaxation independent of the skin heating. Melanopsin (opsin 4) - is thought to play a major role in systemic vascular photorelaxation. Signalling cascade of the photorelaxation is specific, independent of endothelium and NO. The increased skin blood flow during phototherapy is enabled by the restriction of blood flow in the renal and mesenteric circulation. An increase in heart rate indicates activation of the sympathetic system as is seen in the measures of the HRV. High-pressure, as well as low-pressure baroreflexes, may play important role in these adaptation responses. The integrated complex and specific mechanism responsible for the hemodynamic changes during phototherapy confirm adequate and functioning regulation of the neonatal cardiovascular system, including baroreflexes.

• MeSH
• fototerapie MeSH
• hyperbilirubinemie * MeSH
• kůže krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• oxid dusnatý MeSH
• srdce * fyziologie   MeSH
• vazodilatace fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• novorozenec MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Distributed cutaneous tissue blood volume oscillations contain information on autonomic nervous system (ANS) regulation of cardiorespiratory activity as well as dominating thermoregulation. ANS associated with low-frequency oscillations can be quantified in terms of frequencies, amplitudes, and phase shifts. The relative order between these faculties may be disturbed by conditions colloquially termed 'stress'. Photoplethysmography imaging, an optical non-invasive diagnostic technique provides information on cutaneous tissue perfusion in the temporal and spatial domains. Using the cold pressure test (CPT) in thirteen healthy volunteers as a well-studied experimental intervention, we present a method for evaluating phase shifts in low- and intermediate frequency bands in forehead cutaneous perfusion mapping. Phase shift changes were analysed in low- and intermediate frequency ranges from 0.05 Hz to 0.18 Hz. We observed that time waveforms increasingly desynchronised in various areas of the scanned area throughout measurements. An increase of IM band phase desynchronization observed throughout measurements was comparable in experimental and control group, suggesting a time effect possibly due to overshooting the optimal relaxation duration. CPT triggered an increase in the number of points phase-shifted to the reference that was specific to the low frequency range for phase-shift thresholds defined as π/4, 3π/8, and π/2 rad, respectively. Phase shifts in forehead blood oscillations may infer changes of vascular tone due to activity of various neural systems. We present an innovative method for the phase shift analysis of cutaneous tissue perfusion that appears promising to assess ANS change processes related to physical or psychological stress. More comprehensive studies are needed to further investigate the reliability and physiological significance of findings.

• MeSH
• autonomní nervový systém MeSH
• fotopletysmografie * metody   MeSH
• kůže * krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• perfuze MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Hypoxia training can improve endurance performance. However, the specific benefits mechanism of hypoxia training is controversial, and there are just a few studies on the peripheral adaptation to hypoxia training. The main objective of this study was to observe the effects of hypoxia training on cutaneous blood flow (CBF), hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), nitric oxide (NO), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Twenty rowers were divided into two groups for four weeks of training, either hypoxia training (Living High, Exercise High and Training Low, HHL) or normoxia training (NOM). We tested cutaneous microcirculation by laser Doppler flowmeter and blood serum parameters by ELISA. HHL group improved the VO(2peak) and power at blood lactic acid of 4 mmol/l (P(4)) significantly. The CBF and the concentration of moving blood cells (CMBC) in the forearm of individuals in the HHL group increased significantly at the first week. The HIF level of the individuals in the HHL group increased at the fourth week. The NO of HHL group increased significantly at the fourth week. In collusion, four weeks of HHL training resulted in increased forearm cutaneous blood flow and transcutaneous oxygen pressure. HHL increases rowers' NO and VEGF, which may be the mechanism of increased blood flow. The increased of CBF seems to be related with improving performance.

• MeSH
• biologické markery krev   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• faktor 1 indukovatelný hypoxií krev   MeSH
• fyzická vytrvalost * MeSH
• fyziologická neovaskularizace MeSH
• hypoxie patofyziologie   MeSH
• kondiční příprava metody   MeSH
• kůže krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrocirkulace * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• oxid dusnatý krev   MeSH
• regionální krevní průtok MeSH
• rychlost toku krve MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku MeSH
• svalová síla MeSH
• vaskulární endoteliální růstové faktory krev   MeSH
• vazodilatace MeSH
• vodní sporty * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Regulatory T (Treg) cells prevent autoimmunity by limiting immune responses and inflammation in the secondary lymphoid organs and nonlymphoid tissues. While unique subsets of Treg cells have been described in some nonlymphoid tissues, their relationship to Treg cells in secondary lymphoid organs and circulation remains unclear. Furthermore, it is possible that Treg cells from similar tissue types share largely similar properties. We have identified a short-lived effector Treg cell subset that expresses the α2 integrin, CD49b, and exhibits a unique tissue distribution, being abundant in peripheral blood, vasculature, skin, and skin-draining lymph nodes, but uncommon in the intestines and in viscera-draining lymph nodes. CD49b+ Treg cells, which display superior functionality revealed by in vitro and in vivo assays, appear to develop after multiple rounds of cell division and TCR-dependent activation. Accordingly, single-cell RNA-seq analysis placed these cells at the apex of the Treg developmental trajectory. These results shed light on the identity and development of a functionally potent subset of mature effector Treg cells that recirculate through and survey peripheral tissues.

• MeSH
• cévy imunologie   MeSH
• imunitní dozor * MeSH
• integrin alfa2 genetika   imunologie   MeSH
• kůže krevní zásobení   cytologie   imunologie   MeSH
• lymfatické uzliny krevní zásobení   cytologie   imunologie   MeSH
• myši transgenní MeSH
• myši MeSH
• regulační T-lymfocyty cytologie   imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH

Because of their obvious advantages, active and passive optoelectronic sensor concepts are being investigated by biomedical research groups worldwide, particularly their camera-based variants. Such methods work noninvasively and contactless, and they provide spatially resolved parameter detection. We present 2 techniques: the active photoplethysmography imaging (PPGI) method for detecting dermal blood perfusion dynamics and the passive infrared thermography imaging (IRTI) method for detecting skin temperature distribution. PPGI is an enhancement of classical pulse oximetry. Approved algorithms from pulse oximetry for the detection of heart rate, heart rate variability, blood pressure-dependent pulse wave velocity, pulse waveform-related stress/pain indicators, respiration rate, respiratory variability, and vasomotional activity can easily be adapted to PPGI. Although the IRTI method primarily records temperature distribution of the observed object, information on respiration rate and respiratory variability can also be derived by analyzing temperature change over time, for example, in the nasal region, or through respiratory movement. Combined with current research areas and novel biomedical engineering applications (eg, telemedicine, tele-emergency, and telemedical diagnostics), PPGI and IRTI may offer new data for diagnostic purposes, including assessment of peripheral arterial and venous oxygen saturation (as well as their differences). Moreover, facial expressions and stress and/or pain-related variables can be derived, for example, during anesthesia, in the recovery room/intensive care unit and during daily activities. The main advantages of both monitoring methods are unobtrusive data acquisition and the possibility to assess vital variables for different body regions. These methods supplement each other to enable long-term monitoring of physiological effects and of effects with special local characteristics. They also offer diagnostic advantages for intensive care patients and for high-risk patients in a homecare/outdoor setting. Selected applications have been validated at our laboratory using optical PPGI and IRTI techniques in a stand-alone or hybrid configuration. Additional research and validation is required before these preliminary results can be introduced for clinical applications.

• MeSH
• ambulantní monitorování přístrojové vybavení   metody   MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• design vybavení MeSH
• fotopletysmografie * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• hemodynamika * MeSH
• infračervené záření MeSH
• kůže krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mechanika dýchání * MeSH
• měniče MeSH
• optické zobrazování * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• oxymetrie * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• prediktivní hodnota testů MeSH
• regionální krevní průtok MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• rychlost toku krve MeSH
• teploměry MeSH
• teplota kůže * MeSH
• termografie * přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• výraz obličeje * MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Endotelin je velmi silný vazokonstrikční činitel a jeho syntéza na úrovni genu je stimulována řadou fyzikálních faktorů, jako jsou chlad a hypoxie, dále pak angiotenzinem II, růstovými faktory a různými cytokiny. Endotelin má tedy významnou úlohu v patogenezi systémové sklerodermie. Endotelinové receptory jsou dvojího typu, A a B, a mají rozdílné, často opačné účinky. Bosentan byl schválen k léčbě digitálních ulcerací při systémové sklerodermii. Dlouhodobá léčba pacientů se systémovou sklerodermií bosentanem v kombinaci s iloprostem zřejmě zvyšuje perfuzi špiček prstů a schopnost rozšířit kapiláry i zvýšit jejich počet. Dvě randomizovaná placebem kontrolovaná multicentrická klinická hodnocení prokázala, že bosentan významně snižuje počet nových digitálních ulcerací, ale nevede k hojení již přítomných vředů.

Endothelin is a very potent vasoconstrictor agent and its synthesis in the genome is stimulated by a number of physical factors such as coldness and hypoxia, as well as by angiotensin II, various growth factors and cytokines. This explains why endothelin plays a significant role in the pathogenesis of systemic scleroderma. There are two types of endothelin receptors, A and B, differing in their frequently actions that are frequently opposite. Bosentan has received approval for the treatment of digital ulcers in systemic scleroderma. Long-term treatment of patients with this condition with bosentan in combination with iloprost clearly increases perfusion in fingertips and has the ability to dilate blood capillaries and increased their number. Two randomised, placebo-controlled multicentre trials have shown that bosentan significantly reduces the number of new digital ulcers, but fails to contribute to the process of healing of pre-existing ulcers.

• MeSH
• antagonisté endotelinového receptoru * aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cévní endotel patofyziologie   účinky léků   MeSH
• kožní vředy * etiologie   terapie   MeSH
• kůže krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
• placebo MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• receptory endotelinů účinky léků   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Perforátorový DIEAp lalok se stává široce používanou operační technikou k rekonstrukci prsů. Přestože je lalok běžně používán v rekonstrukční chirurgii, postup preprace není dosud zcela založen na důkazech a je více či méně intuitivní. Stále neexistuje dosatek důkazů o vztahu mezi počtem a rozměrem perforátorů a predikcí přežívání laloku. Dobře známá technika cévního delay fenoménu může být velmi užitečná jako záchranný postup, pokud je zhoršená vaskularizace laloku.

The deep inferior epigastric artery perforator (DIEAp) flap is becoming a widely used method of autologous breast reconstruction. Despite the huge use of the DIEAp flap in reconstructive field, an evidenced based approach in perforator selection has not yet been developed. Unfortunately there is no clear evidence about the relation between the number and dimension of the perforator vessel and the prediction of flap survival in a living model. An old technique like the vascular delay could be extremely useful as a lifeboat procedure when the vascularization of the flap after the dissection is inadequate.

• MeSH
• arteriae epigastricae MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kůže krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mamoplastika * MeSH
• mikrocirkulace MeSH
• odběr tkání a orgánů MeSH
• perforátorový lalok * krevní zásobení   transplantace   MeSH
• přežívání štěpu MeSH
• regionální krevní průtok MeSH
• rejekce štěpu prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• reperfuze * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• kazuistiky MeSH

• MeSH
• adrenalin metabolismus   MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• kardiovaskulární systém MeSH
• kůže krevní zásobení   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• noradrenalin metabolismus   MeSH
• nos * krevní zásobení   patologie   MeSH
• pití alkoholu * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

TRIAL DESIGN: This analysis characterizes the degree of early organ involvement in a cohort of oligo-symptomatic untreated young patients with Fabry disease enrolled in an ongoing randomized, open-label, parallel-group, phase 3B clinical trial. METHODS: Males aged 5-18 years with complete α-galactosidase A deficiency, without symptoms of major organ damage, were enrolled in a phase 3B trial evaluating two doses of agalsidase beta. Baseline disease characteristics of 31 eligible patients (median age 12 years) were studied, including cellular globotriaosylceramide (GL-3) accumulation in skin (n = 31) and kidney biopsy (n = 6; median age 15 years; range 13-17 years), renal function, and glycolipid levels (plasma, urine). RESULTS: Plasma and urinary GL-3 levels were abnormal in 25 of 30 and 31 of 31 patients, respectively. Plasma lyso-GL-3 was elevated in all patients. GL-3 accumulation was documented in superficial skin capillary endothelial cells (23/31 patients) and deep vessel endothelial cells (23/29 patients). The mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR), measured by plasma disappearance of iohexol, was 118.1 mL/min/1.73 m(2) (range 90.4-161.0 mL/min/1.73 m(2)) and the median urinary albumin/creatinine ratio was 10 mg/g (range 4.0-27.0 mg/g). On electron microscopy, renal biopsy revealed GL-3 accumulation in all glomerular cell types (podocytes and parietal, endothelial, and mesangial cells), as well as in peritubular capillary and non-capillary endothelial, interstitial, vascular smooth muscle, and distal tubules/collecting duct cells. Lesions indicative of early Fabry arteriopathy and segmental effacement of podocyte foot processes were found in all 6 patients. CONCLUSIONS: These data reveal that in this small cohort of children with Fabry disease, histological evidence of GL-3 accumulation, and cellular and vascular injury are present in renal tissues at very early stages of the disease, and are noted before onset of microalbuminuria and development of clinically significant renal events (e.g. reduced GFR). These data give additional support to the consideration of early initiation of enzyme replacement therapy, potentially improving long-term outcome. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00701415.

• MeSH
• biopsie MeSH
• cévní endotel patologie   MeSH
• demografie MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• Fabryho nemoc krev   farmakoterapie   patofyziologie   moč   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• glykolipidy krev   MeSH
• hodnoty glomerulární filtrace MeSH
• johexol MeSH
• kůže krevní zásobení   MeSH
• kvalita života MeSH
• ledviny patologie   patofyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mozek patologie   MeSH
• mutace genetika   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• sfingolipidy krev   MeSH
• trihexosylceramidy krev   genetika   moč   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie MeSH