parasite fauna
Dotaz
Zobrazit nápovědu
Ten Southern Hemisphere cephalopod species from six families collected from six localities in western, southern and eastern Australia were examined for dicyemid parasites. A total of 11 dicyemid species were recorded, with three cephalopod species uninfected, four infected by one dicyemid species and three infected by multiple dicyemid species. Dicyemid species prevalence ranged from 24-100%, with observed infection patterns explored due to host size, host life history properties, host geographical collection locality and inter-parasite species competition for attachment sites, space and nutrients. Left and right renal appendages were treated as separate entities and four different patterns of infection by asexual and sexual dicyemid stages were observed. The detection within a single host individual of asexual dicyemid stages in one renal appendage and sexual dicyemid stages in the other renal appendage supported the notion that developmental cues mediating stage transition are parasite-controlled, and also occurs independently and in isolation within each renal appendage. Our study exploring dicyemid parasite fauna composition in relation to cephalopod host biology and ecology therefore represents a thorough, broad-scale taxonomic analysis that allows for a greater understanding of dicyemid infection patterns.
- MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- hlavonožci klasifikace parazitologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- ledviny MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Austrálie MeSH
Susceptibility to parasite infection was examined in a field experiment for four populations of 0+ juvenile European bitterling (Rhodeus amarus): one sympatric to local parasite fauna, one allopatric, and two hybrid populations. Significantly higher parasite abundance was recorded in the allopatric bitterling population, suggesting a maladaptation of parasites to their sympatric host. Type of parasite life cycle played an important role in host-parasite interactions. While the abundance of allogenic species between populations was comparable, a significant difference was found in abundance of autogenic parasite species between fish populations, with the allopatric population more infected. These results correspond with a prediction of higher dispersion probability and higher gene flow among geographically distant populations of allogenic species as compared to autogenic species. Increased susceptibility to parasites that do not occur within the natural host's geographical distribution was found in the allopatric host, but only for autogenic species. A difference in infection susceptibility was detected among populations of early-hatched bitterling exposed to infection during a period of high parasite abundance and richness in the environment. Differences in parasite abundance and species diversity among populations diminished, however, with increasing time of exposure. No difference was found within late-hatched populations, probably due to a lower probability of infection in late-hatched cohorts.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita MeSH
- chiméra parazitologie MeSH
- Cyprinidae parazitologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- parazitární nemoci u zvířat parazitologie MeSH
- paraziti klasifikace izolace a purifikace patogenita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Parasites comprise a huge part of the biodiversity on earth. However, on a local scale, not much is known about their diversity and community structure. Here, we assess the diversity of larval trematode communities in an interconnected freshwater system of the River Ruhr in Germany and analyse how the parasites are spatially and temporally distributed in the ecosystem. A total of 5347 snail hosts belonging to six species revealed a highly diverse parasite fauna with 36 trematode species. More abundant snail species harboured more species-rich trematode faunas and communities, with the two dominant snail species, Radix auricularia and Gyraulus albus, accounting for almost 90% of the trematode diversity and harbouring spatially and temporally stable parasite communities. The results highlight the important role of stable keystone host populations for trematode transmission, structure and diversity. This local trematode diversity reveals information on definitive host occurrence and trophic interactions within ecosystems.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- ekosystém * MeSH
- hlemýždi parazitologie MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita genetika MeSH
- larva parazitologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- populační dynamika MeSH
- řeky MeSH
- sladká voda parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda klasifikace patogenita MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Německo MeSH
Our knowledge of trematode diversity in Mediterranean Sea fishes is based on many contributions since the early 1800s (e.g. by Rudolphi, Stossich, Looss, Bartoli, Bray and Gibson). We have updated data from the Natural History Museum Host-Parasite Database and listed 302 digenean trematode species allocated to 146 genera in 29 families from 192 fish species (27% of the known fish-fauna) belonging to 76 families. The most diverse (with 31-41 species) digenean families (Opecoelidae Ozaki, 1925, Didymozoidae Monticelli, 1888 and Hemiuridae Looss, 1899) represent more than a third of the total richness (36% of species) and have been most frequently recorded (43% of the records). The overall mean number of species per host is close to recent global estimates for digenean richness in teleosts (1.57 vs 2.04, respectively), indicating a high diversity in the Mediterranean. The most diverse host families are also the best studied. However, three speciose host families (Rajidae de Blainville, Gobiidae Cuvier and Myctophidae Gill) appear under-studied and no digenean reports exist for 94 of 169 fish families present in the Mediterranean. Thus, although Mediterranean fishes appear well studied, further efforts are needed. Nevertheless, the descriptions of a large number of new taxa since 2000 indicate that focused efforts have resulted in a high discovery rate (2.4 species per year). Many of these new (often cryptic) taxa are the result of combined morphological and molecular methods, which promise more reliable estimates of digenean diversity in this region. We provide host-parasite lists for 192 species of fish in the Mediterranean comprising 890 host-parasite associations.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- faktografické databáze MeSH
- klasifikace * MeSH
- ryby parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda klasifikace MeSH
- výzkum normy trendy MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Středozemní moře MeSH
BACKGROUND: Lake Tanganyika is the world's second deepest lake. Its diverse cichlid assemblage offers a unique opportunity for studying a deep-water host-parasite model in freshwater. Low host specificity and a broad host range including representatives of the Bathybatini tribe in the only monogenean parasite described from this habitat, Cichlidogyrus casuarinus Pariselle, Muterezi Bukinga & Vanhove, 2015 suggest a link between lower specificity and lower host density. Conversely, high host specificity and species richness are reported for monogeneans of the lake's littoral cichlids. We further investigated whether the deep-water environment in Lake Tanganyika is really monogenean species-depauperate by investigating the monogenean fauna of Trematocara unimaculatum (a representative of the tribe Trematocarini, the sister lineage of the Bathybatini) and Benthochromis horii, a member of the tribe Benthochromini, found in the same deep-water habitat as the already known hosts of C. casuarinus. METHODS: Sclerotised structures of the collected monogenean individuals were characterised morphologically using light microscopy and morphometrics. RESULTS: Both examined cichlid species are infected by a single monogenean species each, which are new to science. They are described as Cichlidogyrus brunnensis n. sp., infecting T. unimaculatum, and Cichlidogyrus attenboroughi n. sp., parasitising on B. horii. Diagnostic characteristics include the distal bifurcation of the accessory piece in C. brunnensis n. sp. and the combination of long auricles and no heel in C. attenboroughi n. sp. In addition C. brunnensis n. sp. does not resemble C. casuarinus, the only species of Cichlidogyrus thus far reported from the Bathybatini. Also Cichlidogyrus attenboroughi n. sp. does not resemble any of the monogenean species documented from the pelagic zone of the lake and is among the few described species of Cichlidogyrus without heel. CONCLUSIONS: As two new and non-resembling Cichlidogyrus species are described from T. unimaculatum and B. horii, colonisation of the deep-water habitat by more than one morphotype of Cichlidogyrus is evident. Based on morphological comparisons with previously described monogenean species, parasite transfers with the littoral zone are possible. Therefore, parasites of pelagic cichlids in the lake do not seem to only mirror host phylogeny and the evolutionary history of this host-parasite system merits further attention.
- MeSH
- biodiverzita * MeSH
- cichlidy parazitologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- hostitelská specificita MeSH
- infekce červy třídy Trematoda parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita MeSH
- jezera * parazitologie MeSH
- nemoci ryb parazitologie MeSH
- Trematoda anatomie a histologie klasifikace izolace a purifikace ultrastruktura MeSH
- žábry parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Tanzanie MeSH
Providing descriptive data on parasite diversity and load in sister species is a first step in addressing the role of host-parasite coevolution in the speciation process. In this study we compare the parasite faunas of the closely related hedgehog species Erinaceus europaeus and E. roumanicus from the Czech Republic where both occur in limited sympatry. We examined 109 hedgehogs from 21 localities within this secondary contact zone. Three species of ectoparasites and nine species of endoparasites were recorded. Significantly higher abundances and prevalences were found for Capillaria spp. and Brachylaemus erinacei in E. europaeus compared to E. roumanicus and higher mean infection rates and prevalences for Hymenolepis erinacei, Physaloptera clausa and Nephridiorhynchus major in E. roumanicus compared to E. europaeus. Divergence in the composition of the parasite fauna, except for Capillaria spp., which seem to be very unspecific, may be related to the complicated demography of their hosts connected with Pleistocene climate oscillations and consequent range dynamics. The fact that all parasite species with different abundances in E. europaeus and E. roumanicus belong to intestinal forms indicates a possible diversification of trophic niches between both sister hedgehog species.
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- fylogeografie MeSH
- helmintózy zvířat epidemiologie MeSH
- ježkovití parazitologie MeSH
- sympatrie fyziologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Biogeographical and ecological barriers strongly affect the course of micro-evolutionary processes in free living organisms. Here we assess the impact of a recently emerged barrier on populations of limnic fauna. Genetic diversity and population structure in a host-parasite system (Wenyonia virilis tapeworm, Synodontis schall catfish) are analyzed in the recently divided Turkana and Nile basins. The two basins, were repeatedly connected during the Holocene wet/dry climatic oscillations, following late Pleistocene dessication of the Turkana basin. Mitochondrial DNA sequences for cytochrome oxidase I gene (cox I) and a whole genome scanning method-amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) were employed. A total of 347 cox I sequences (representing 209 haplotypes) and 716 AFLP fragments, as well as 120 cox I sequences (20 haplotypes) and 532 AFLP fragments were obtained from parasites and hosts, respectively. Although results indicate that host and parasite populations share some formative traits (bottlenecks, Nilotic origin), their population histories/patterns differ markedly. Mitochondrial analysis revealed that parasite populations evolve significantly faster and show remarkably higher genetic variability. Analyses of both markers confirmed that the parasites undergo lineage fission, forming new clusters specific for either freshwater or saline parts of Lake Turkana. In congruence with the geological history, these clusters apparently indicate multiple colonisations of Lake Turkana from the Nile. In contrast, the host population pattern indicates fusion of different colonisation waves. Although fish host populations remain connected, saline habitats in Lake Turkana (absent in the Nile), apparently pose a barrier to the gene flow in the parasite, possibly due to its multihost lifecycle, which involves freshwater annelids. Despite partially corroborating mitochondrial results, AFLP data was not sufficiently informative for analyzing populations with recently mixed biogeographic histories.
- MeSH
- Cestoda genetika MeSH
- cestodózy genetika parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- ekosystém MeSH
- extrémní prostředí * MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- haplotypy MeSH
- interakce hostitele a parazita genetika MeSH
- jezera MeSH
- mitochondriální DNA MeSH
- molekulární evoluce * MeSH
- nemoci ryb genetika parazitologie MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický MeSH
- proteiny červů genetika MeSH
- respirační komplex IV genetika MeSH
- slané vody MeSH
- sumci genetika parazitologie MeSH
- teoretické modely MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Keňa MeSH
Examination of 10 bird species of the family Charadriidae have revealed the following nematode species: Strongyloides turkmenicus, Syngamus palustris, S. trachea, Porrocaecum semiteres, Tetrameres dubia, Eucoleus contortus and Capillaria sp. Three of them: S. turkmenicus, S. palustris and T. dubia parasitizing those hosts were found the first time in Czechoslovakia. Tringa glareola was found a new host for S. palustris.
- MeSH
- hlístice klasifikace MeSH
- ptáci parazitologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
- Polsko MeSH
