Po dobu jednoho roku (červenec 2010 až srpen 2011) bylo prováděno 1krát měsíčně monitorování mikrobiální kontaminace vnitřního vzduchu v prostorech transplantační jednotky – oddělení 5C, Hemato-onkologické kliniky FN Olomouc. Cílem studie bylo zjištění bakteriální kontaminace ve vnitřním vzduchu. Bylo vytipováno 20 odběrových míst a celkem bylo provedeno 240 odběrů vnitřního vzduchu. Jednalo se o aktivní nasávání 100 litrů vnitřního vzduchu aeroskopem MAS-100. Naměřené hodnoty teploty vnitřního vzduchu byly stabilní. Hodnoty relativní vlhkosti se pohybovaly v rozmezí od minimální hodnoty cca 17 % po maximální hodnotu cca 68 %. Nejvyšší průměrná hodnota mikrobiální kontaminace vnitřního vzduchu byla zjištěna v místnosti „vstupní filtr personálu“ (1170 CFU/m3). Nejnižší mikrobiální kontaminace vnitřního vzduchu (150–250 CFU/m3) byla naměřena na izolačních boxech pacientů. Nejčastěji izolovanými bakteriálními kmeny byly koaguláza-negativní stafylokoky, které tvořili 94,3 % všech zachycených bakteriálních kmenů. Druhým nejčastěji izolovaným kmenem byl Micrococcus spp., který tvořil 67 % všech izolovaných kmenů a Bacillus subtilis (11 %). Je možné předpokládat, že zdrojem izolovaných bakteriálních kmenů ve vnitřním ovzduší jsou pacienti a personál. Jedná se o bakteriální kmeny řazené mezi podmíněně patogenní, přesto se mohou u hemato-onkologických pacientů stát původci nemocničních infekcí.

For one year (August 2010 to July 2011), microbial contamination of the indoor air in the Transplant Unit of the Haemato-Oncology Clinic, Olomouc University Hospital was monitored monthly. Twenty sampling sites were singled out and a total of 240 indoor air samples were collected. An MAS-100 air sampler (Merck, GER) was used, air flow rate of 100 liters per minute, 1 minute. The measured values of indoor air temperature were stable. The relative air humidity ranged from 17% to 68%. The highest average value of microbial air contamination was found in the "staff entry room" (1170 CFU/m3). The lowest microbial air contamination (150–250 CFU/m3) was measured in the patient isolation units. The most frequently isolated bacterial strains were coagulase-negative staphylococci (94.3%), followed by Micrococcus spp. (67%) and Bacillus subtilis (11%). It can be assumed that the ­source of these airborne bacterial strains are both patients and medical staff. They are classified as ­opportunistic pathogens and as such can cause hospital infections among haemato-oncology patients.

• Klíčová slova
• nemocniční prostředí, riziko infekce, koaguláza-negativní stafylokoky, hemato-onkologičtí pacienti, čisté prostory,
• MeSH
• Bacillus subtilis izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• epidemiologické monitorování MeSH
• infekce spojené se zdravotní péčí prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• izolace pacientů MeSH
• jednotky intenzivní péče MeSH
• Micrococcus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mikrobiologie vzduchu * MeSH
• prostředí kontrolované * MeSH
• Staphylococcus izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• transplantace * MeSH
• vlhkost MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The short-term effects of air pollution on cardiovascular mortality in elderly were investigated in Nis, during the 2001-2005. Daily measurements of black smoke (BS) and sulphur dioxide (SO2), as well as the daily number of cardiovascular death among person > or =65 yrs of age, were collected. Generalized linear model extending Poisson regression was applied. The effects of time trend, seasonal variations, day of week, temperature, relative humidity and barometric pressure were analysed. The results did not support findings from previous studies that had shown an increase in the number of cardiovascular death in elderly in association with air pollution.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci chemicky indukované   mortalita   MeSH
• kouř analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• počasí MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Jugoslávie MeSH

OBJECTIVE: Epidemiological research has shown that air pollution is associated with cardiovascular events, but little is known about short-term effects on blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) in Serbian population. The present study assessed the short-term association between black smoke (BS) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels in urban air and the daily values of blood pressure and heart rate in 98 healthy nonsmoking female volunteers. METHODS: Generalized regression model was fitted controlling for temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, season, and the day of the week. RESULTS: There was no association between short-term air pollution exposure and BP and HR, the exposure showed a tendency toward a decrease of diastolic BP and HR, but with no statistical significance. CONCLUSION: The present findings did not support the conclusion that current levels of ambient BS and SO2 may have an effect on blood pressure and heart rate in women.

• MeSH
• časové faktory MeSH
• kouř analýza   MeSH
• krevní tlak fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   MeSH
• srdeční frekvence fyziologie   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí škodlivé účinky   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší škodlivé účinky   analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Srbsko MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH

The present study assesses the short-term association between black smoke (BS) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) levels in urban air and the daily number of emergency room admissions for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in Nis, Serbia. Generalised linear models extending Poisson regression were fitted controlling for time trend, seasonal variations, days of the week, temperature, relative humidity, air pressure, precipitation, rainfall, snowfall, overcast, and wind velocity. The emergency room admissions for all ages for COPD were significantly associated with previous-day level of BS and lag 0-2 (1,60% and 2,26% increase per 10 microg/m3, respectively). After controlling for SO2, single lagged (lag 1 and lag 2) as well as mean lagged values of BS (up to lag 0-3) were significantly associated with COPD emergencies. No effect was found for SO2, even after controlling for black smoke. The present findings support the conclusion that current levels of ambient BS may have an effect on the respiratory health of susceptible persons.

• MeSH
• chronická obstrukční plicní nemoc MeSH
• hospitalizace statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kouř analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oxid siřičitý analýza   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• počasí MeSH
• Poissonovo rozdělení MeSH
• urgentní služby nemocnice MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Srbsko MeSH

OBJECTIVES: TheObjectiveOf this paper is to provide informationOn indoor air quality andOn the qualityOf the broader indoor environmentOf the houses in Roma villages in Slovakia and Romania and to discuss possible implications for health. METHODS: Indoor air was sampled in 11 houses in a Romanian Roma village and in 19 houses in a Slovakian Roma village. LevelsOf carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2), total particulate matter (PM), temperature and humidity were measured. A questionnaire and a checklist were used toObtain additional informationOn the indoor environment and behavioural factors. We have sampled the same houses in winter and in summer. RESULTS: LevelsOf CO and CO2 were higher in winter in both countries as compared to summer. The limit valueOf 10 mg/m3 CO was exceeded in a few cases in both countries. In general, levelsOf CO, CO2 and PM were higher in Romania. Further environmental and behavioural hazards such as indoor smoking, pets insideOr lackOf ventilation were found. The reported self-perceived qualityOf the indoor environment was poor in many aspects. CONCLUSIONS:Our findingsOf CO, CO2 and PM levels suggest that indoor air pollution in Roma settlements has the potential to be a health threat. The fact that the inhabitants spend a relatively long time inside the houses and that a numberOf additional environmental and behavioural hazards were identified byOur study emphasizes the importanceOf the indoor air quality for health and thus priority attention should be paid to these issues by health authorities and researchers. Further research is essential and study designs must consider cultural background and specific characteristicsOf the community, especially inOrder toObtain valid dataOn healthOutcomes.

• MeSH
• bydlení statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• etnicita MeSH
• hodnocení rizik MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• oxid uhelnatý analýza   MeSH
• oxid uhličitý analýza   MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• vlhkost MeSH
• vystavení vlivu životního prostředí statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí analýza   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Rumunsko MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

AIM: The aim of this paper is to provide information about the concentrations of airborne bioaerosols (airborne bacteria, fungi and endotoxins) in outdoor suburban environments in Ostrava, Moravian-Silesian region, Czech Republic. METHODS: The methods were based on systematic bioaerosol monitoring during one calendar year, subsequent analysis of the samples and statistical processing. The regression, correlation analysis and analysis of variance for one factor and pairwise comparisons were performed on bioaerosol data to determine their dependence on season, daytime, temperature, humidity and dew point. RESULTS: The results show higher fungi concentrations especially in summer (corrected mean 365 colony forming units - CFU per m(3)) compared to other seasons (75-209 CFU/m(3)) and higher concentrations of bacteria in the evening (380 CFU/m(3)) compared to other parts of the day and seasons (in summer 206-252 CFU/m(3) and in winter 81-87 CFU/m(3)). Concentrations of endotoxins were relatively low throughout the year, on average 0,056 endotoxin units (EU) per m(3). CONCLUSIONS: The concentration of bioaerosol (bacteria, fungi and endotoxins) were found in ambient air at substantially lower levels than in an indoor environment. Although the concentrations of this bioaerosol greatly fluctuate with temperature, dew point, season and daytime, they do not represent increased health risks.

• MeSH
• aerosoly analýza   MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie elektronová rastrovací MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   MeSH
• nanočástice analýza   MeSH
• prach MeSH
• průmysl MeSH
• velikost částic * MeSH
• znečištění ovzduší analýza   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

The National Institute for Nuclear, Biological, and Chemical Protection, under the European project 16ENV10 MetroRADON (the European metrology program for innovation and research, EMPIR), has developed unique equipment for the testing of measuring devices at low-level radon activity concentrations. The equipment consists particularly of an airtight low-level radon chamber (LLRCH) with an inner volume of 324 liters; a Rn-222 type RF 5 flow-through source with a Ra-226 activity of 4.955 kBq developed by Czech Metrological Institute within the above-mentioned project; and a pressure vessel as a radon-free air source. The mass flow controller of the Bronkhorst EL-Flow type is a part of the apparatus and ensures the requested airflow through the radon source-partialized if necessary-through the chamber. The homogeneity of the atmosphere in the chamber is ensured by means of a continuously regulated fan (airflows in the range of 0.1-3.5 m·s-1 can be established). Another important chamber component is the measuring device of climatic conditions, since temperature, air pressure, and relative humidity must be determined. The construction of the equipment allows the time-stable radon activity concentration to be maintained at a precise level for several days. Radon concentration values can be arbitrarily and continuously set in the range from 100 Bq·m-3 to 300 Bq·m-3.

• MeSH
• atmosféra MeSH
• monitorování radiace * MeSH
• radioaktivní látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• radon analýza   MeSH
• znečištění vzduchu ve vnitřním prostředí analýza   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The influence of environmental temperature and relative air humidity on the development of ticks Ixodes ricinus and their infection rate with tick-borne encephalitis virus was studied. It was found that the temperature influenced significantly the development of ticks, but it did not influence their infection rate. To the contrary, the relative air humidity influenced the infection rate. It is assumed that the intrinsic factors play a primary role in the infection of ticks, while extrinsic factors have a secondary role; they are probably important at border values only.

• MeSH
• arachnida jako vektory růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• klíšťata růst a vývoj   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• klíšťová encefalitida mikrobiologie   MeSH
• myši MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• viremie mikrobiologie   MeSH
• viry klíšťové encefalitidy růst a vývoj   MeSH
• vlhkost MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The study was carried out at six sites in the Jizerskehory Mts. in the north of the Czech Republic. At all these sites, ranging in altitude between 460 and 962 m a. s. l., and during the period from June to September in 2008, O3 concentrations and environmental parameters important for accumulated stomatal O3 flux (AFst) into Fagus sylvatica leaves were measured. At five sites, visible injury on Fagus sylvatica L. juvenile tree leaves was observed. A combination of actual O3 levels in the Jizerkehory Mts. and environmental conditions, though relative air humidity and air temperature significantly limited stomatal conductance, has been sufficient enough to cause O3 uptake exceeding the critical level (CL) for forest ecosystems. The AFst values ranged between 13.4 and 22.3 mmol O3 m(-2). The CL for the accumulated stomatal flux of O3 above a flux threshold 1.6 nmol m(-2) s(-1) (AFst1.6) was exceeded at all sites from ca 45 to 270% (160% on average). The CL of 5 ppm h(-1) for AOT40 (accumulated O3 exposure above threshold of 40 ppb) was exceeded at four sites. The relationship between visible injury on O3 indices was found. The conclusions based on AOT40 and AFSt are not the same. AFSt has been determined as better predictor of visible injury than AOT40.

• MeSH
• buk (rod) fyziologie   MeSH
• ekosystém MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• listy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí * MeSH
• ozon analýza   toxicita   MeSH
• průduchy rostlin fyziologie   MeSH
• stromy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Black carbon - a primary component of particulate matter emitted from an incomplete combustion of fossil fuels, biomass, and biofuels - has been found to have a detrimental effect on human health and the environment. Since black carbon emissions data are not readily available, no measures are implemented to reduce black carbon emissions. The temporal and seasonal variations of black carbon concentrations were evaluated during 2012-2014. The data were collected in the highly polluted European city - Ostrava, Czech Republic, surrounded by major highways and large industries. Significantly higher black carbon concentrations were obtained in Ostrava, relative to other European cities and the magnitude was equivalent to the magnitude of black carbon concentrations measured in Poland and China. The data were categorized to heating and non-heating seasons based on the periodic pattern of daily and monthly average concentrations of black carbon. A higher black carbon concentration was obtained during heating season than non-heating season and was primarily associated with an increase in residential coal burning and meteorological parameters. The concentration of black carbon was found to be negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed, and positively correlated with the relative humidity. Other black carbon sources potentially included emissions from vehicle exhaust and the local steel-producing industry.

• MeSH
• biomasa MeSH
• fosilní paliva MeSH
• látky znečišťující vzduch analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pevné částice analýza   MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• uhlí MeSH
• uhlík analýza   MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH
• výfukové emise vozidel analýza   MeSH
• znečištění životního prostředí MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Čína MeSH
• Evropa MeSH
• Polsko MeSH
• velkoměsta MeSH