Neceliatická gluténová senzitivita (NCGS) je nová klinická jednotka, ktorú zaraďujeme do skupiny ochorení označovaných ako poruchy súvisiace s gluténom. Prejavuje sa intestinálnymi a extraintestinálnymi príznakmi u pacientov s negatívnou sérológiou a histológiou sliznice tenkého čreva, s ústupom symptómov po bezlepkovej diéte. Patogenéza NCGS nie je známa a nepoznáme biomarker umožňujúci diagnostiku tohto stavu. Novým fenoménom súčasnosti je narastajúci počet pacientov eliminujúcich glutén v strave bez predchádzajúceho vyšetrenia, čo môže byť zdrojom neistoty lekára a rizikom vzniku zdravotných problémov pacienta. Ide predovšetkým o riziko falošnej negativity testov celiakie a možnosť rozvoja komplikácií celiakie ako dôsledku nedostatočnej eliminácie gluténu v diéte pacienta.

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) has recently been identified as a new clinical entity included in the spectrum of gluten-related disorders. NCGS manifests with intestinal and extraintestinal symptoms that improve after gluten withdrawal in individuals with negative serological tests of celiac disease and normal small-bowel mucosa. Pathogenesis of NCGS is unclear and we do not have a biomarker that can be used to identify this condition. Now we are observing another interesting phenomenon which is generating confusion among health care professionals. Self-prescription of gluten elimination by a growing number of patients potentially leads to a series of problems: subsequent inability to diagnose celiac disease correctly, deleterious health effects from the probably suboptimal adherence to gluten-free diet in the case of patients with undiscovered celiac disease.

• Klíčová slova
• neceliakální glutenová senzitivita, NCGS,
• MeSH
• bezlepková dieta MeSH
• celiakie diagnóza   MeSH
• gluteny * imunologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• HLA-DQ antigeny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci střev * diagnóza   imunologie   MeSH
• potravinová alergie * diagnóza   dietoterapie   imunologie   MeSH
• protilátky krev   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodní články MeSH

Gluten ataxia (GA) has customarily been considered to be the main neurological manifestation of celiac disease (CD). In recent years, the condition of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) has been defined, which includes some patients who are not considered "true celiacs." We performed a comparative clinicopathological study of these three entities. We studied 31 GA, 48 CD and 37 NCGS patients, prospectively in the same center for a period of 7 years. The protocol study included two serological determinations for gluten sensitivity [anti-gliadin IgA and IgG (AGA) and anti-tissue transglutaminase IgA (TG) antibodies], HLA-DQ2 typing, and duodenal histological assessment. Demographics and investigative findings were compared. Females were 55 % in GA, 75 % in CD (p < 0.001), and 47 % in NCGS (N.S.). GA patients were older (59 ± 14 years) than CD (43 ± 13 years) and NCGS (41 ± 8 years) groups (p < 0.001). AGA positivity was higher in GA (100 %) than in CD (48 %) groups (p < 0.001), but similar to NCGS patients (89 %; N.S.); TG positivity was lower in GA (3.2 %) than in CD (33.3 %; p < 0.001), but similar to NCGS (2.7 %; N.S.). DQ2 (+) was lower in GA (32.2 %) than in CD (89.6 %; p < 0.001), but similar to NCGS (29.7 %; N.S.). Lymphocytic enteritis (Marsh type 1) was lower in GA (9.6 %) than in CD (66.7 %; p < 0.001), but similar to NCGS (10.8 %; N.S.). The other gluten sensitivity-related characteristics measured were different to CD patients, but very close to NCGS. We conclude that GA patients are better classified within the NCGS group, than within CD.

• MeSH
• ataxie dietoterapie   imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• bezlepková dieta MeSH
• celiakie dietoterapie   genetika   imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• gluteny imunologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční tomografie MeSH
• mozek patologie   MeSH
• odds ratio MeSH
• protilátky imunologie   MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH

Carbon and its analogous nanomaterials are beneficial for toxic gas sensors since they are used to increase the electrochemically active surface region and improve the transmission of electrons. The present article addresses a detailed investigation on the potential of the monolayer PC3 compound as a possible sensor material for environmentally toxic nitrogen-containing gases (NCGs), namely NH3, NO, and NO2. The entire work is carried out under the frameworks of density functional theory, ab-initio molecular dynamics simulations, and non-equilibrium Green's function approaches. The monolayer-gas interactions are studied with the van der Waals dispersion correction. The stability of pristine monolayer PC3 is confirmed through dynamical, mechanical, and thermal analyses. The mobility and relaxation time of 2D PC3 sensor material with NCGs are obtained in the range of 101-104 cm2 V-1 s-1 and 101-103 fs for armchair and zigzag directions, respectively. Out of six possible adsorption sites for toxic gases on the PC3 surface, the most prominent site is identified with the highest adsorption energy for all the NCGs. Considering the most stable configuration site of the NCGs, we have obtained relevant electronic properties by utilizing the band unfolding technique. The considerable adsorption energies are obtained for NO and NO2 compared to NH3. Although physisorption is observed for all the NCGs on the PC3 surface, NO2 is found to convert into NO and O at 5.05 ps (at 300 K) under molecular dynamics simulation. The maximum charge transfer (0.31e) and work function (5.17 eV) are observed for the NO2 gas molecule in the series. Along with the considerable adsorption energies for NO and NO2 gas molecules, their shorter recovery time (0.071 s and 0.037 s, respectively) from the PC3 surface also identifies 2D PC3 as a promising sensor material for those environmentally toxic gases. The experimental viability and actual implications for PC3 monolayer as NCGs sensor material are also confirmed by examining the humidity effect and transport properties with modeled sensor devices. The transport properties (I-V characteristics) reflect the significant sensitivity of PC3 monolayer toward NO and NO2 molecules. These results certainly confirm PC3 monolayer as a promising sensor material for NO and NO2 NCG molecules.

• MeSH
• adsorpce MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• elektrony MeSH
• nanostruktury * MeSH
• plyny * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Spektrum onemocnění, vznikajících v souvislosti s konzumací glutenu (lepku), proteinu obsaženého v obilovinách, je souhrnně označováno termínem gluten-related disorders (GRD). Nejčastějšími klinickými jednotkami z této skupiny onemocnění jsou celiakie a tzv. neceliakální glutenová senzitivita. Obě onemocnění mají vysokou prevalenci v populaci a velmi variabilní klinickou manifestaci včetně projevů neurologických, kam patří i tzv. glutenová neuropatie, vyskytující se až u 50 % pacientů s celiakií. Nejčastěji jde o axonální, senzitivně-motorickou polyneuropatii s chronickým průběhem, neobvyklé nejsou ani asymetrické formy či polyneuropatie tenkých vláken. Diagnostika je vedle klinického obrazu založena na sérologickém průkazu protilátek proti gliadinu (část molekuly glutenu) a v případě celiakie také proti tkáňové transglutamináze či endomysiu, histologických změnách v biopsii střevní sliznice ev. genetickém průkazu asociace s HLA antigeny II. třídy. Konfirmačním testem je také klinický a laboratorní efekt bezlepkové diety, která je klíčovým terapeutickým opatřením v prevenci rozvoje příznaků poruch glutenové tolerance. U pacientů s glutenovou neuropatií vede dieta spíše k zástavě progrese postižení než k regresi stávajícího neurologického deficitu.

Gluten-related disorders (GRD) is a term used to describe a spectrum of diseases related to the ingestion of the food containing gluten, a cereal protein contained in wheat, rye and barley. Celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity are the most prominent clinical units of this group with a high prevalence in general population and variable clinical manifestation in both the cases. Among others, they may present with neurological symptoms, mainly polyneuropathy, which is found in about 50 % of celiac patients. So called gluten neuropathy is usually symmetric chronic, sensory-motor and axonal. Asymetric forms as well as small fiber neuropathy can also be found in GRD patients. Besides medical history and clinical picture, diagnosis of GRD (particularly celiac disease) is confirmed by serological methods (evaluating the presence of antibodies against tissue transglutaminase, endomysium and gliadin, a part of gluten molecule), histology (confirming the inflammatory changes in duodenal mucosa biopsy samples) or evidence of the association with HLA II antigens. Confirmation may also be performed by evaluation of the effect of gluten-free diet, which represents a key therapeutical intervention in the prevention of development the clinical symptoms related to GRD. In gluten neuropathy, the diet leads to clinical stabilisation and prevention of the disease progession likely than to a clinical regression of the symptoms and signs.

• Klíčová slova
• gluten-related disorders, neceliakální glutenová senzitivita (NCGS),
• MeSH
• alergie na pšenici diagnóza   MeSH
• ataxie etiologie   MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci diagnóza   dietoterapie   etiologie   MeSH
• bezlepková dieta MeSH
• celiakie * diagnóza   dietoterapie   etiologie   komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• endoskopie trávicího systému MeSH
• gliadin imunologie   MeSH
• gluteny * imunologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• HLA-DQ antigeny MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci periferního nervového systému * diagnóza   etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• nemoci střev diagnóza   dietoterapie   etiologie   MeSH
• polyneuropatie diagnóza   etiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• protilátky MeSH
• sérologické testy MeSH
• syndrom MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

Celiac disease (CD) is a disorder that affects both children and adults. Over the few last decades, several new atypical cases have been identified through improved diagnostic tools. On the other hand, the onset of CD at a later age, including atypical CD forms whose clinical picture overlaps with other autoimmune diseases, shows that currently there are several unknown gene mutations, which could be responsible for the disease development. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is entity included by the ingestion of gluten leading to intestinal, or extraintestinal symptoms that improve once the gluten is removed from the nutrition. In this article relationships between genetically modified rodent animals with previously unknown multiple organ changes and CD, respectively NCGS are reviewed. Relationships between the small bowel histological changes and other organs pathology are discussed. Results of research document that changes have similar genetic background and can develop to serious autoimmune systematic diseases, including small bowel inflammation resembling atypical CD or NCGS. These may have extra-intestinal symptomatology but without a clear explanation of causes and differences in their manifestations. Research on animal models helps to discover links between several disorders associated with gastrointestinal damage. New methods based on individual gene mutations can help in atypical adult CD and NCGS recognitions in the future.

• MeSH
• celiakie * genetika   MeSH
• gluteny MeSH
• hlodavci * MeSH
• modely u zvířat MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The market need for good quality gluten-free (GF) bakery products is in focus, due the increasing number of people with Celiac Disease (CD), Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS) and the growing popularity of following GF diet as a trend. However scientific knowledge of the technically challenging GF bread making is growing, data regarding consumer market needs, opinions, trends and issues are insufficient. The present study was aimed to evaluate the consumer’s acceptance of available GF breads and their satisfaction. The data of the study reveal that approximately half of the people following GF diet have other different food related health problems parallel with CD or NCGS. The present study shows, that 70.8% of the asked consumers are dissatisfied with GF breads due their texture and taste, and for home baking consumers usually mix 2-3 or even more different GF flours, as they are displeased with the quality of the available mixes on their own. Overall, the most relevant problem for the consumers is the particularly higher price of the GF flours and breads.

• MeSH
• bezlepková dieta * ekonomika   MeSH
• celiakie dietoterapie   ekonomika   komplikace   MeSH
• chléb ekonomika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• chování spotřebitelů * ekonomika   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• kvalita jídla MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• marketing MeSH
• mouka ekonomika   MeSH
• potravinová alergie epidemiologie   komplikace   MeSH
• přijímání potravy MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• vaření statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Maďarsko MeSH

Wheat consumption is increasing worldwide and also increasing is the frequency of celiac disease (CeD), a pathological response to wheat protein (gluten) in genetically susceptible individuals. Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) is another, less studied wheat-induced pathology. The treatment for both is a gluten-free diet (GFD). More individuals choose the diet than predicted by the epidemiological 1-2% prevalence. A preliminary survey by questionnaire asked members and attendees of the local gluten information group (GIG) meetings and functions about their diagnostic experiences and symptom levels in order understand the increased demand for gluten-free foods. Same-aged and -sex friends participated as a comparative “control”. Mixed methods were used including content analyses of prose narratives and independent and paired t tests of symptom levels measured with Likert scales. This convenience sample, surveyed in 2011-2012, is mostly female (54 F, 5 M) with an average age of 54.6 ± 2.0 years. Most participants consulted medical professionals with mean time to diagnosis of 7 years determined mostly from “classic” presenting symptoms. Negative biopsies or blood tests and atypical symptoms that overlap other conditions delayed diagnosis. There were 43 and 16 participants with CeD and NCGS, respectively differing little in symptom levels. Self-diagnosis and use of naturopaths account for some of the “excess” individuals. General practitioners should be encouraged to get additional nutrition training and to discuss with patients dietary choices that support wellness and minimize the risk for pathological immune responses. Patients with CeD particularly need support and follow-up in the transition to a GFD.

• Klíčová slova
• neceliakální glutenová senzitivita, atypické symptomy,
• MeSH
• alergie na pšenici MeSH
• autoimunitní tyreoiditida MeSH
• bezlepková dieta MeSH
• celiakie diagnóza   dietoterapie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• chronická nemoc MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• imunitní systém patofyziologie   MeSH
• jídelníček metody   normy   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• opožděná diagnóza MeSH
• pilotní projekty MeSH
• příznaky a symptomy MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky klasifikace   využití   MeSH
• únava MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• vzdělávání pacientů jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH

Neceliakální glutenová senzitivita byla recentně uznána odbornou veřejností jako součást spektra chorob vyvolaných lepkem. Je definována jako onemocnění projevující se gastrointestinálními nebo extraintestinálními sym­ptomy, jež vyvolává konzumace stravy obsahující lepek u jedinců, kteří netrpí celiakií ani alergií na pšenici. V současnosti pro tuto jednotku není dostupný žádný specifický sérologický marker, a tak bývá diagnóza neceliakální glutenové senzitivity stanovena per exclusionem: vyžaduje vyloučení celiakie sérologickým a histologickým vyšetřením, vyloučení alergie na pšenici, zlepšení či vymizení symptomů po bezlepkové dietě a definitivní potvrzení expozičním testem. Článek popisuje současné znalosti o patofyziologii neceliakální glutenové senzitivity, rozebírá klinický a epidemiologický obraz, diagnózu a léčbu této nové klinické jednotky.

Non-celiac gluten sensitivity has recently been recognized by the scientific community as a part of gluten-related disorders, and is defined as a condition with gastrointestinal and/or extra-intestinal symptoms triggered by gluten ingestion in the absence of celiac disease and wheat allergy. Currently, there is no specific serological marker and non-celiac gluten sensitivity remains a diagnosis of exclusion: testing for celiac disease and wheat allergy must be negative, symptoms must improve with a gluten-free diet, and diagnosis must be confirmed by the gluten challenge. In this article, we discuss current knowledge of pathophysiology, clinical and epidemilogical spectrum, diagnosis, and treatment of NCGS.

• Klíčová slova
• FODMAPs, nemoci vyvolané lepkem, glutenový expoziční test,
• MeSH
• alergie na pšenici diagnóza   MeSH
• autoimunitní nemoci etiologie   imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• bezlepková dieta MeSH
• celiakie diagnóza   MeSH
• diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
• gliadin imunologie   MeSH
• gluteny * imunologie   škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nemoci střev * etiologie   imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• přirozená imunita MeSH
• protilátky MeSH
• syndrom dráždivého tračníku * diagnóza   MeSH
• syndrom MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Research has described the perceived social restrictions that people who suffer from celiac disease can experience, but never investigated their actual amount of social contacts as compared to a healthy population. Therefore, we focus on the question whether people who suffer from celiac disease or non-celiac gluten sensitivity have less informal social capital (e.g. contacts with friends and family) than a healthy population and, if so, which health related factors can explain these differences in social capital. With the aid of the Dutch Celiac Association, we recently gathered high quality data. Results show that people who are diagnosed with celiac disease or NCGS indeed have less informal social capital than a healthy control group. This can be explained partly because the former more often suffer from depression, poor subjective health and another chronic condition. Moreover, it appears that demographic factors, such as gender, age, having children and marital status, reduce the initial relationship completely. These demographic factors thus play a more important role. As yet, these findings may help healthcare professionals to interpret social consequences of celiac disease and non-celiac gluten sensitivity in a broader sense.

• MeSH
• bezlepková dieta psychologie   MeSH
• celiakie * psychologie   MeSH
• deprese MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• interpersonální vztahy * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lineární modely MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• přátelé psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• sociální izolace * psychologie   MeSH
• sociální opora MeSH
• socioekonomické faktory MeSH
• studie případů a kontrol MeSH
• zdravotní stav MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Nizozemsko MeSH