INTRODUCTION: Despite being implicated in a wide spectrum of community- and healthcare-acquired infections, anaerobes have not yet been incorporated into systematic surveillance programs in Europe. METHODS: We conducted a multicentre retrospective observational study analysing all anaerobic strains isolated from blood cultures in 44 European Hospital Centres over a 4-y period (2020-2023). Diagnostic approach, epidemiology, and antimicrobial susceptibility according to EUCAST v. 15.0 were investigated. RESULTS: Our study included 14,527 anaerobes, most of which were Gram-positive (45%) or Gram-negative (40%) bacilli. MALDI-TOF coupled to mass spectrometry was the most widely used tool for species identification (98%). Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed in the vast majority of centres, using mostly gradient diffusion strip (77%) and disk diffusion (45%) methods according to EUCAST guidelines. The most prevalent species were Cutibacterium acnes (18.7%), Bacteroides fragilis (16.3%), Clostridium perfringens (5.3%), Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron (4.2%), Fusobacterium nucleatum (3.5%), and Parvimonas micra (3.4%). C. acnes showed high resistance to benzylpenicillin (18%), clindamycin (39%), and imipenem (19% and 13% by MIC methods and disk diffusion, respectively). B. fragilis showed high resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate (24%), piperacillin/tazobactam (22% and 14% by MIC methods and disk diffusion, respectively), clindamycin (22% by both MIC methods and disk diffusion), meropenem (13%), and metronidazole (10%, only by disk diffusion). A similar resistance pattern was observed in B. thetaiotaomicron, Bacteroides ovatus, and Parabacteroides distasonis. C. perfringens showed high resistance to clindamycin (69% and 45% by MIC methods and disk diffusion, respectively), while benzylpenicillin and metronidazole maintained over 90% activity. F. nucleatum showed high resistance to benzylpenicillin (11%), while Fusobacterium necrophorum showed alarming rates of resistance to clindamycin (12%), meropenem (16%) and metronidazole (11%). CONCLUSIONS: This study presented an up-to-date analysis of the diagnostics and epidemiology of anaerobic bacteria in Europe, providing insights for future comparative analyses and the development of antimicrobial diagnostic and management strategies, as well as the optimization of current antibiotic treatments.

• Klíčová slova
• Anaerobes, Antimicrobial resistance, Bacteroides, Blood culture, Clostridium, Sepsis,
• MeSH
• anaerobní bakterie * účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   klasifikace   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce * epidemiologie   diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• retrospektivní studie MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• multicentrická studie MeSH
• pozorovací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Evropa epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH

"The piscine respiratory system is represented by gills. Gill diseases are extremely common and may be caused by a large variety of etiologic agents. The gills are in direct contact with water and reflect its quality, for example, pollution, and they also must face the presence of biotic agents, such as viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. Evolution has established many defense mechanisms to combat these agents. Failure of these mechanisms is life-threatening for the fish, due to impaired respiration. Gills are relatively easily accessible for clinical examination and sampling, which facilitates intravital diagnosis."

• Klíčová slova
• Branchitis, Gill illness, Ichthyopathology, Parasites,
• MeSH
• bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   patologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• parazitární nemoci u zvířat parazitologie   patologie   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• virové nemoci patologie   veterinární   virologie   MeSH
• žábry mikrobiologie   parazitologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The main aims of the research were to produce efficient nanofibrous filters with long-term antibacterial properties and to confirm the functionality of samples under real filtration conditions. A polyurethane solution was modified by micro- or nanoparticles of copper oxide in order to juxtapose the aggregation tendency of particles depending on their size. Modified solutions were electrospun by the Nanospider technique. The roller spinning electrode with a needle surface and static wire electrode were used for the production of functionalized nanofibers. The antibacterial properties of the modified nanofibrous layers were studied under simulated conditions of water and air filtration. Particular attention was paid to the fixation mechanism of modifiers in the structure of filters. It was determined that the rotating electrode with the needle surface is more efficient for the spinning of composite solutions due to the continuous mixing and the avoidance of particle precipitation at the bottom of the bath with modified polyurethane. Moreover, it was possible to state that microparticles of copper oxide are more appropriate antimicrobial additives due to their weaker aggregation tendency but stronger fixation in the fibrous structure than nanoparticles. From the results, it is possible to conclude that nanofibers with well-studied durable antibacterial properties may be recommended as excellent materials for water and air filtration applications.

• Klíčová slova
• antibacterial properties, copper oxide, electrospinning, filtration, microparticles, nanofibers, nanoparticles, polyurethane,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• měď chemie   MeSH
• membrány umělé MeSH
• nanočástice chemie   MeSH
• nanovlákna chemie   MeSH
• polyurethany chemie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• cuprous oxide MeSH Prohlížeč
• měď MeSH
• membrány umělé MeSH
• polyurethany MeSH

Electrospun polyamide (PA) nanofibers have great potential for medical applications (in dermatology as antimicrobial compound carriers or surgical sutures). However, little is known about microbial colonization on these materials. Suitable methods need to be chosen and optimized for the analysis of biofilms formed on nanofibers and the influence of their morphology on biofilm formation. We analyzed 11 PA nanomaterials, both nonfunctionalized and functionalized with AgNO3, and tested the formation of a biofilm by clinically relevant bacteria (Escherichia coli CCM 4517, Staphylococcus aureus CCM 3953, and Staphylococcus epidermidis CCM 4418). By four different methods, it was confirmed that all of these bacteria attached to the PAs and formed biofilms; however, it was found that the selected method can influence the outcomes. For studying biofilms formed by the selected bacteria, scanning electron microscopy, resazurin staining, and colony-forming unit enumeration provided appropriate and comparable results. The values obtained by crystal violet (CV) staining were misleading due to the binding of the CV dye to the PA structure. In addition, the effect of nanofiber morphology parameters (fiber diameter and air permeability) and AgNO3 functionalization significantly influenced biofilm maturation. Furthermore, the correlations between air permeability and surface density and fiber diameter were revealed. Based on the statistical analysis, fiber diameter was confirmed as a crucial factor influencing biofilm formation (p ≤ 0.01). The functionalization of PAs with AgNO3 (from 0.1 wt %) effectively suppressed biofilm formation. The PA functionalized with a concentration of 0.1 wt % AgNO3 influenced the biofilm equally as nonfunctionalized PA 8% 2 g/m2. Therefore, biofilm formation could be affected by the above-mentioned morphology parameters, and ultimately, the risk of infections from contaminated medical devices could be reduced.

• Klíčová slova
• CFU enumeration, biofilm, crystal violet, nanofiber morphology, polyamide electrospun nanofibers, resazurin,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• antiinfekční látky lokální chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální adheze účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• biofilmy účinky léků   MeSH
• dusičnan stříbrný chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nanovlákna chemie   mikrobiologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• nylony chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus epidermidis účinky léků   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antiinfekční látky lokální MeSH
• dusičnan stříbrný MeSH
• nylony MeSH

Serious burn trauma is associated with changes of the immune system, and immunosuppression induced by burn trauma can lead to reactivation of latent infections. Herpetic viruses are known for their lifelong persistence after primary infection and ability to reactivate. Their reactivation in the setting of burn trauma or primary infection can cause serious complications for a weakened burn patient. Presented is a case of a toddler who sustained second-degree scald burns over 20% of his body surface area. The injury was complicated by a multi-resistant bacterial infection in addition to reactivation of a latent HHV-6 infection concurrently with a primary HSV-1 infection. Described further are basic diagnostics, local and systemic treatment strategies, and other complications due to disseminated herpetic infections. To date, HHV-6 reactivation has not been described in conjunction with burn injury.

• Klíčová slova
• HHV-6, HSV-1, Pediatric burn trauma, herpes virus infection,
• MeSH
• aktivace viru fyziologie   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce etiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• herpetické infekce etiologie   virologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidský herpesvirus 1 izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• lidský herpesvirus 6 izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• mnohočetná bakteriální léková rezistence fyziologie   MeSH
• popálení komplikace   patofyziologie   MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Rapid identification of pathogen and its resistance to antimicrobial drugs, and subsequent appropriate antimicrobial treatment are essential for correct patient outcomes. Conventional detection methods of bacterial resistance, such as disc diffusion, broth microdilution and automated instruments, are constantly widely used and primarily standardized. Nevertheless, the results cannot be obtained earlier than 48 h after receiving a sample, which may lead to prolonged use or overuse of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Hence, there is a drive to develop and introduce novel, faster, standardized, sensitive and specific methods with reliable results into routine microbiological laboratory practice. Recently developed matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has been introduced in recent years into laboratory practice, and methods based on microfluidics and microdroplets might be introduced in the near future. This review is focused on the methods and instruments in use both currently and in the foreseeable future, applicable to determine antimicrobial efficacy in clinical microbiology laboratories.

• Klíčová slova
• MALDI-TOF MS, antibiotic susceptibility test, antimicrobial susceptibility testing, dilution method, microcalorimetry, microdroplet, microfluidic,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria účinky léků   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky přístrojové vybavení   trendy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH

Overpopulation of domestic pigeons is considered to be one of the major problems of urban centers, as these birds are responsible for the dissemination of relevant pathogens to animal and human health. The aim of this study was to detect potentially pathogenic Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. in domestic pigeons captured in areas near silos used for grain and feed storage, analyzing the antimicrobial sensitivity and the presence of virulence-associated genes. We evaluated 41 pigeons. From each bird, cecal contents and a pool of viscera (heart, spleen, and liver) were collected. Fifty strains of E. coli and three strains of S. Typhimurium were isolated. The antimicrobial susceptibility assay showed that 2% of the isolates of E. coli were resistant to chloramphenicol and the combination of sulfamethoxazole + trimethoprim and 4% to tetracycline, doxycycline, and sulfonamide. The three S. Typhimurium strains were sensitive to all antimicrobials tested. The pathogenicity profile demonstrated that no E. coli isolates showed a STEC compatible profile. Regarding the APEC pathotype, all genes were observed in 8% of E. coli, 6% had only the iss gene and 4% presented ompT, hlyF, and iutA genes. invA, hilA, avrA, and lpfA genes were detected in 100% of Salmonella isolates. The sitC and pefA genes were only present in one strain and the remaining genes were detected in two. In conclusion, it was found that pigeons living in the vicinity of silos are carriers of important pathogens, and control measures should be taken to minimize animal and human health risks.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   veterinární   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence účinky léků   genetika   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   MeSH
• Columbidae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hospodářská zvířata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• nemoci drůbeže epidemiologie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Salmonella účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   patogenita   MeSH
• virulence genetika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Brazílie epidemiologie   MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH

Essential oils obtained via the hydrodistillation of two Asian herbs (Houttuynia cordata and Persicaria odorata) were analyzed by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Additionally, both the liquid and vapor phase of essential oil were tested on antimicrobial activity using the broth microdilution volatilization method. Antimicrobial activity was tested on Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria-Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Seratia marcescense and Bacillus subtilis. Hydrodistillation produced a yield of 0.34% (Houttuynia cordata) and 0.40% (Persicaria odorata). 41 compounds were identified in both essential oils. Essential oils contained monoterpenes and their oxidized forms, sesquiterpenes and their oxidized forms, oxidized diterpenes, derivates of phenylpropene and other groups, such as, for example, aldehydes, alcohols or fatty acids. Both essential oils were antimicrobial active in both vapor and liquid phases at least in case of one bacterium. They expressed various antimicrobial activity in the range of 128-1024 μg∙mL-1, 512-1024 μg∙mL-1 in broth and 1024 μg∙mL-1, 512-1024 μg∙mL-1 in agar, respectively. Research showed new interesting information about P. odorata and H. cordata essential oils and demonstrated that both essential oils could be possibly used in the field of natural medicine or natural food preservation.

• Klíčová slova
• Houttuynia cordata, Persicaria odorata, antimicrobial activity, distillation, essential oil, gas chromatography., vapor phase, volatile compounds,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce farmakoterapie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• extrakce kapalina-kapalina MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie účinky léků   MeSH
• Houttuynia chemie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• oleje prchavé chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• plynová chromatografie s hmotnostně spektrometrickou detekcí MeSH
• Polygonaceae chemie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Staphylococcus aureus účinky léků   patogenita   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• oleje prchavé MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH

In the last two decades, microbiology laboratories have radically changed by the introduction of novel technologies, like Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) and Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS). Nevertheless, emergence of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms represents a global threat of current medicine, being responsible for increasing mortality and health-care direct and indirect costs. In addition, the identification of antibiotic-resistant microorganisms, like OXA-48 carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae, has been changeling for clinical microbiology laboratories. Even the cost of NGS technology and MALDI-TOF MS equipment is relatively high, both technologies are increasingly used in diagnostic and research protocols. Therefore, the aim of this review is to present applications of these technologies used in clinical microbiology, especially in detection of antibiotic resistance and its surveillance, and to propose a combinatory approach of MALDI-TOF MS and NGS for the investigation of microbial associated infections.

• Klíčová slova
• MLST, NGS, beta-lactamase, carbapenemase, susceptibility testing,
• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Bacteria klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce diagnóza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence * MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• laboratoře nemocniční MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vysoce účinné nukleotidové sekvenování metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH

Bacterial proteins exhibiting two or more unrelated functions, referred to as moonlighting proteins, are suggested to contribute to full virulence manifestation in pathogens. An expanding number of published studies have revealed the glycolytic enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) to be a multitasking protein with virulence impact in a number of pathogenic bacteria. This protein can be detected on the bacterial surface or outside the bacterial cell, where it interacts with host proteins. In this way, GAPDH is able to modulate various pathogenic processes. Moreover, it has been shown to be involved in non-enzymatic processes inside the bacterial cell. In this mini review, we summarize main findings concerning the multiple localization and protein interactions of GAPDH derived from bacterial pathogens of humans. We also briefly discuss problems associated with using GAPDH as a vaccine antigen and endeavor to inspire further research to fill gaps in the existing knowledge.

• Klíčová slova
• glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, localization, moonlighting proteins, pathogenic bacteria, protein-protein interaction (PPI),
• MeSH
• Bacteria enzymologie   patogenita   MeSH
• bakteriální infekce mikrobiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny imunologie   MeSH
• glyceraldehyd-3-fosfátdehydrogenasy imunologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• vazba proteinů MeSH
• virulence MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• bakteriální vakcíny MeSH
• glyceraldehyd-3-fosfátdehydrogenasy MeSH
• proteiny MeSH