AIMS: As the most abundant cell population in the blood, erythrocytes represent an attractive source of nutrients and a protective niche to a number of pathogens. Previously, we observed the attachment of the myxozoan parasite Sphaerospora molnari to erythrocytes of its host, common carp (Cyprinus carpio), raising a number of questions about the nature of this interaction. METHODS AND RESULTS: We elucidated the impact of S molnari on the number of erythrocytes in healthy and immunocompromised fish, over a period of 6 weeks. While we observed only a mild decrease in RBC numbers in healthy individuals, we witnessed gradual and finally severe haemolytic anaemia in immunosuppressed fish. Accompanying this overt loss was increased erythropoiesis as represented by an increase of erythroblasts in the blood. In vitro, we demonstrated the uptake of host proteins from CFSE-labelled erythrocytes, ultimately inducing death of host RBCs, likely for nutrient gain of the parasite. Nevertheless, the results do not exclude a possible role of erythrocyte-derived proteins in immune evasion. CONCLUSION: Overall, the obtained data provide first evidence for the previously unknown appetite of myxozoan parasites for host erythrocytes and create an important framework for future investigations into the molecular mechanisms underlining this interaction.

• Klíčová slova
• Myxozoa, common carp, erythrocytes, flow cytometry, haemolytic anaemia, hematophagy,
• MeSH
• erytrocyty parazitologie   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• fylogeneze MeSH
• hemolytické anemie parazitologie   MeSH
• kapři parazitologie   MeSH
• Myxozoa fyziologie   MeSH
• nemoci ryb parazitologie   MeSH
• stravovací zvyklosti fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the erythropoietin level and hematological variables in wrestlers after intermittent hypoxic exposure (IHE). Twelve wrestlers were assigned into two groups: hypoxia (sports training combined with IHE, n=6) and control (sports training, n=6). An IHE was performed for 10 days, with one day off after 6 days, once a day for about an hour. The concentrations of hydrogen peroxide ( H(2)O(2) ), nitric oxide (NO), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and erythropoietin (EPO), as well as total creatine kinase activity (CK) were measured. Also, the hematological markers (Hb - hemoglobin, Ht - hematocrit, RBC - red blood cell, WBC - white blood cell, Ret - reticulocytes) were analyzed. The 6-day IHE caused an increase in the levels of H(2)O(2), NO and VEGF. Similarly, the EPO level and WBC count reached the highest value after 6 days of IHE. The total Ret number increase constantly during 10 days of IHE. The hypoxia group showed a higher CK activity compared to the control. In conclusion, 10-day IHE in combination with wrestling training elevates levels of H(2)O(2), NO and VEGF, and improves the oxygen transport capacity by the release of EPO and Ret in circulation.

• MeSH
• cvičení fyziologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• erythropoetin krev   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• hypoxie krev   MeSH
• krevní obraz metody   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• náhodné rozdělení MeSH
• sportovci * MeSH
• spotřeba kyslíku fyziologie   MeSH
• zápas řeckořímský fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• erythropoetin MeSH

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Erythropoiesis is closely related to iron metabolism in a balanced homeostasis. Analyses of diverse erythroid and iron metabolism disorders have shown that disrupted erythropoiesis negatively affects iron homeostasis and vice versa. The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between erythropoietic activity and iron homeostasis in pediatric patients with erythrocyte membrane defects and thalassemia traits. METHODS: Selected markers of erythropoietic activity (erythropoietin, soluble transferrin receptor - sTfR and growth differentiation factor 15) and iron status parameters (serum iron, ferritin and hepcidin) were evaluated in pediatric patients with erythrocyte membrane defects and thalassemia traits. RESULTS: The patients with erythrocyte membrane defects and thalassemia traits had altered iron homeostasis due to disturbed erythropoiesis. In comparison with healthy controls, they had a normal to low hepcidin/ferritin ratio and concomitantly elevated sTfR. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that pediatric patients with erythrocyte membrane defects and thalassemia traits are more susceptible to iron overload than the general population and that the (hepcidin/ferritin)/sTfR ratio can be used to monitor any worsening of the disease.

• Klíčová slova
• erythrocyte membrane defects, erythropoietic activity, hepcidin, thalassemia trait,
• MeSH
• analýza rozptylu MeSH
• dědičná eliptocytóza krev   MeSH
• dědičná sférocytóza krev   MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• erytrocytární membrána metabolismus   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• hemostáza fyziologie   MeSH
• hepcidiny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• talasemie metabolismus   MeSH
• železo metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• předškolní dítě MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hepcidiny MeSH
• železo MeSH

Significant relationships between ion transport and membrane lipid composition (cholesterol, total phospholipids and sphingomyelins) were found in erythrocytes of salt hypertensive Dahl rats. In these animals mean cellular hemoglobin content correlated negatively with Na(+)-K(+) pump activity and Na(+) leak but positively with Na(+)-K(+) cotransport activity. Immature erythrocytes exhibit lower mean cellular hemoglobin content (MCHC) than mature ones. The aim of the present study was to find a relationship between erythrocyte maturity, membrane lipid composition and ion transport activity in Wistar rats aged three months which were subjected to repeated hemorrhage (blood loss 2 ml/day for 6 days) to enrich circulating erythrocytes with immature forms. Immature and mature erythrocyte fractions in control and hemorrhaged rats were separated by repeated centrifugation. Hemorrhaged rats had increased number of reticulocytes but reduced hematocrit and MCHC compared to control rats. Immature erythrocytes of hemorrhaged rats differed from mature ones of control animals by elevated Na(+)-K(+) pump activity, reduced Na(+)-K(+) cotransport activity and increased Rb(+) leak. These ion transport changes in immature erythrocytes were accompanied by higher concentration of total phospholipids in their cell membranes. Membrane phospholipid content correlated positively with Na(+)-K(+) pump activity and cation leaks but negatively with Na(+)-K(+) cotransport activity. Moreover, they were also negatively related with MCHC which correlated negatively with Na(+)-K(+) pump activity and Rb(+) leak but positively with Na(+)-K(+) cotransport activity. Thus certain abnormalities of erythrocyte ion transport and membrane lipid composition detected in hypertensive animals might be caused by higher incidence of immature cells.

• MeSH
• buněčná membrána chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• erytrocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• iontový transport fyziologie   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• membránové lipidy chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• počet erytrocytů metody   MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• membránové lipidy MeSH
• sodíko-draslíková ATPasa MeSH

UNLABELLED: Backgroud. Anemia is one of the laboratory and clinical findings of chronic kidney diseases (CKD). The presence of anemia in patients with CKD has a wide range of clinically important consequences. Some of the symptoms that were previously attributed to reduced renal function are, in fact, a consequence of anemia. Anemia contributes to increased cardiac output, the development of left ventricular hypertrophy, angina, and congestive heart failure. According to current knowledge, anemia also contributes to the progression of CKD and is one of the factors that contribute to the high morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic renal failure and their reduced survival. METHODS: MEDLINE search was performed to collect both original and review articles addressing anemia in CKD, pathophysiology of renal anemia, erythropoiesis, erythropoietin, iron metabolism, inflammation, malnutrition, drugs, renal replacement therapy and anemia management CONCLUSION: The present review summarized current knowledge in the field of the pathophysiology of renel anemia. Understanding the pathophysiology of anemia in CKD is crucial for the optimal treatment of anemia according to recent clinical practice guidelines and recommendation, and correct recognition of causes of resistence to treatment of erythropoietin stimulating agents (ESA).

• Klíčová slova
• anemia, chronic kidney diseases, erythropoiesis, erythropoietin, irone metabolism,
• MeSH
• anemie etiologie   MeSH
• chronická renální insuficience komplikace   MeSH
• deficit železa MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• erythropoetin biosyntéza   nedostatek   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• hemoglobiny nedostatek   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poruchy metabolismu železa komplikace   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• erythropoetin MeSH
• hemoglobiny MeSH

Influence of the regulatory system mediated by adenosine A(3) receptors on the functioning of erythropoiesis and thrombopoiesis was studied by means of evaluation of the numbers and attributes of peripheral blood erythrocytes and platelets, as well as of erythroid bone marrow progenitor cells in adenosine A(3) receptor knock-out (Adora3(tm1Jbsn)/Adora3(tm1Jbsn), A(3)AR((-/-))) mice and their wild-type C57BL/6 counterparts, both males and females. Minor but statistically significant disturbances in the properties of erythrocytes, namely in the parameters of mean erythrocyte volume and mean erythrocyte hemoglobin were observed in A(3)AR((-/-)) mice. In addition, adenosine A(3) receptor knock-out mice were found to exhibit an expressive, statistically significant decrease of their blood platelet count, amounting to 17 % and 21 % in males and females, respectively. This decrease in platelet levels was accompanied by a significant 17 % decline in the plateletcrit in both sexes. The obtained data can help to define therapeutic applications based on the principle of adenosine receptor signaling.

• MeSH
• erytrocyty cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• mezenchymální kmenové buňky cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• receptor adenosinový A3 genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce fyziologie   MeSH
• trombocyty cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• trombopoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• myši MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• receptor adenosinový A3 MeSH

Iron is a trace element that is vital for life. It is a component of innumerable hemoproteins and many essential non-heme iron proteins that are involved in oxygen binding and metabolism and electron transfer. Nevertheless, iron can also be toxic to cells as it catalyses the production of oxygen radicals. Iron uptake, transport, storage and utilization are therefore strictly regulated to meet the body's iron needs and to avoid its potential toxicity. Any imbalance in iron homeostasis may lead to the development of pathological conditions associated with either iron overload or iron deficiency. In this paper, we review the current understanding of iron biology with a focus on erythroid iron demand. In addition, we will discuss molecular pathophysiology with implications for novel therapies of selected hereditary defects of iron homeostasis.

• MeSH
• biologický transport MeSH
• deficit železa MeSH
• dietní železo farmakokinetika   MeSH
• duodenum fyziologie   MeSH
• enterocyty metabolismus   MeSH
• erytroidní buňky metabolismus   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• hemoproteiny fyziologie   MeSH
• hepcidiny MeSH
• homeostáza genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• intestinální absorpce MeSH
• kationické antimikrobiální peptidy fyziologie   MeSH
• kyslík krev   metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrofágy metabolismus   MeSH
• myši knockoutované MeSH
• myši MeSH
• nehemové proteiny obsahující železo fyziologie   MeSH
• přetížení železem metabolismus   MeSH
• proteiny vázající železo fyziologie   MeSH
• vrozené poruchy metabolismu kovů genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• železo metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• dietní železo MeSH
• hemoproteiny MeSH
• hepcidiny MeSH
• kationické antimikrobiální peptidy MeSH
• kyslík MeSH
• nehemové proteiny obsahující železo MeSH
• proteiny vázající železo MeSH
• železo MeSH

Human early erythroid precursors classified according to the nuclear size were studied to provide information on nucleoli in these cells using simple cytochemical procedures for demonstration of RNA and proteins of silver-stained nucleolar organizers. K2 cells with nuclear diameter larger than 13 microm and K1 cells with nuclear diameter larger than 9 microm corresponding to proerythroblasts and macroblasts (large basophilic erythroblasts) mostly possessed large irregularly shaped nucleoli with multiple fibrillar centres representing "active nucleoli". K1/2 cells with nuclear diameter smaller than 9 microm corresponding to small basophilic erythroblasts were usually characterized by the presence of micronucleoli representing "inactive nucleolar types". On the other hand, a few K1/2 cells contained large nucleoli with multiple fibrillar centres similar to those present in K2 cells and thus appeared as "microproerythroblasts". The nucleolar asynchrony expressed by the presence of large irregularly shaped nucleoli with multiple nucleoli (active nucleoli) and ring-shaped nucleoli (resting nucleoli) in one and the same nucleus of K2 or K1 cells was not exceptional and might reflect a larger resistance of these cells to negative factors influencing the erythropoiesis. The intranucleolar translocation of silver-stained nucleolus organized regions was noted in K2 cells and might indicate the premature aging of these cells without further differentiation. More studies, however, are required in this direction.

• MeSH
• barvení stříbrem MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné jadérko fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• buněčné jádro fyziologie   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• buněčný rodokmen fyziologie   MeSH
• erytroblasty klasifikace   cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• erytrocyty cytologie   fyziologie   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• jaderné proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• transport proteinů fyziologie   MeSH
• tvar buňky fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• jaderné proteiny MeSH

A considerable progress has been made in the last three years in the uncovering of the molecular basis of Diamond-Blackfan anaemia (DBA). Two genetic loci on 19q13.2 and 8p23 chromosomes have been associated with the DBA phenotype, and the ribosomal protein S19 (RP S19) located at 19q has been found mutated in 25% of DBA patients. In this review we will outline possible mechanisms of how mutations in RP S19 might lead to the DBA phenotype, we will discuss candidate genes on 8p23 chromosome, and finally, a complex molecular model of DBA development will be proposed.

• MeSH
• Diamondova-Blackfanova anemie genetika   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lidské chromozomy, pár 8 genetika   MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• proteosyntéza MeSH
• ribozomální proteiny genetika   fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• ribosomal protein S19 MeSH Prohlížeč
• ribozomální proteiny MeSH

The primitive erythroid line cells of chick embryos were studied during embryonic days 2-14 by means of a cytochemical method to investigate the appearance and frequency of the main nucleolar types. The populations of erythroblasts and erythrocytes were classified according to the presence of functionally dominant nucleoli in their nuclei. In the course of primitive erythroid cell differentiation and maturation, compact nucleoli and nucleoli with nucleolonemas (both supposed to be RNA biosynthetically active) were gradually replaced by ring-shaped nucleoli and finally by micronucleoli reflecting the reversible and irreversible inhibition of RNA synthesis, respectively. The occurrence of the main nucleolar types and their values in primitive erythroid cells of the developing chick depend not only on the maturation stage of the blood cells, but also on the developmental stage of the chick embryo. In comparison with the definitive erythroid line of the post-hatching chick and hen, the cells of the chick embryonic primitive erythroid line possess relatively high values of "active" nucleolar types. These are still present in advanced maturation stages, and occur also as definitive erythroid lines of lower vertebrates.

• MeSH
• buněčná diferenciace fyziologie   MeSH
• buněčné jadérko metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• buněčné linie MeSH
• erytroidní prekurzorové buňky cytologie   metabolismus   ultrastruktura   MeSH
• erytropoéza fyziologie   MeSH
• kuřecí embryo MeSH
• RNA metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• kuřecí embryo MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• RNA MeSH