BACKGROUND: The objective of the study was to determine sensitivity of Enterococcus faecium strains from rabbit meat to enterocins. RESULTS: Twenty-five decarboxylase-positive strains (from rabbit meat) allotted to the species E. faecium by genotypization and by MALDI TOF MS spectrometry identification (evaluation score value range 2.104-2.359; in the range for highly probable species identification-score value 2.300-3.000 and secure probable species identification/probable species identification-2.000-2.299) were studied. Seventeen strains were gelatinase positive. Although they did not produce histamine (HIS), spermidine, and spermine, they produce at least one among seven tested biogenic amines (BAs) in small amounts (2-10 mg/L) or up to very high amounts (>1000 mg/L). Putrescine was produced by two strains. These decarboxylase-positive strains were sensitive to enterocins (Ents). All strains were sensitive to Ent 2019 and Ent 55 (inhibitory activity from 200 to 819 200 AU/mL). Twenty-two strains were inhibited by Ent A(P) and Ent 4231; 20 strains were sensitive to Ent M. CONCLUSION: Our results have spread the basic knowledge related to inhibitory spectrum of enterocins showing sensitivity of decarboxylase-positive strains to enterocins. Protective possibilities of enterocins in meat processing were also indicated.

• Klíčová slova
• Decarboxylase, Enterocococci, enterocins, gelatinase, inhibition effect, rabbit meat,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Fifty-five strains of enterococci isolated from the piglet intestine were characterized in vitro for probiotic activity. Identification of the isolates revealed Enterococcus faecium as the predominant species (84 %). Forty strains (73 %) were found to produce bacteriocin-like substances (only into solid media) with activity almost only toward Gram-positive genera. Thirty-eight % of strains were resistant to tetracycline, 27 % to chloramphenicol, 18 % to erythromycin and 16 % to vancomycin. In addition to control of strain safety, 6 % of isolates were beta-hemolytic and 16 % produced gelatinase. Seven strains selected for further probiotic assays exhibited sufficient survival rate at pH 3.0 after 3 h, in the presence of 1 % ox-bile and lysozyme after 1 d (over 107 CFU/mL in all tests). The adhesion of tested strains to porcine and human intestinal mucus was found in a similar range (1.4-14.0 % and 1.4-17.6 %, respectively). In accordance with current research effort to use and/or to combine various health promoting substances, the sensitivity of all isolates toward plant extracts and toward bacteriocins produced by animal and environmental strains was determined. All enterococci were sensitive toward oregano and sage extracts and toward one (E. faecium EF55--chicken isolate, activity of 25 600 AU/mL) of ten bacteriocin substances. It means that a similar anti-enterococcal potential of some bacteriocin substances may be observed as for certain plant extracts.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antibióza MeSH
• bakteriální adheze MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• dobromysl (rod) chemie   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   fyziologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální trakt mikrobiologie   MeSH
• kyseliny toxicita   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• mikrobiální viabilita MeSH
• muciny metabolismus   MeSH
• muramidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• prasata mikrobiologie   MeSH
• probiotika farmakologie   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty farmakologie   MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli toxicita   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• kyseliny MeSH
• muciny MeSH
• muramidasa MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty MeSH
• žlučové kyseliny a soli MeSH

Three hundred and ten enterococcal isolates (178 Enterococcus faecium, 68 E. durans, 49 E. faecalis, 8 E. italicus, 3 E. gallinarum, 3 E. casseliflavus, and 1 E. hirae) from Slovak Bryndza cheese were evaluated for susceptibility to nine antimicrobial agents (vancomycin, teicoplanin, ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, rifampicin, nitrofurantoin, and ciprofloxacin). All enterococcal isolates from Bryndza cheese were susceptible to ampicillin, streptomycin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and teicoplanin as determined by the disk diffusion method. Vancomycin resistance genes vanA and vanB were not detected. Resistance rates of enterococcal isolates to rifampicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin were 24, 26, 2, and 1 %, respectively. Thirty-six % of E. faecium isolates and 22 % of the E. faecalis isolates were resistant to erythromycin. Resistance to rifampicin was similar in E. faecium (31 %) and E. faecalis (29 %). Both E. faecium and E. faecalis strains showed the same resistance to ciprofloxacin (2 %). E. durans isolates showed low levels of resistance to rifampicin, erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and nitrofurantoin (1-4 %). Forty-eight (30 %) of the E. faecium isolates, two (3 %) of the E. durans isolates, and six (12 %) of the E. faecalis isolates exhibited multidrug resistance. The highest frequency of resistant enterococci was observed in Bryndza produced in winter season.

• MeSH
• antiinfekční látky farmakologie   MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   účinky léků   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• léková rezistence MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie * MeSH
• roční období MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Slovenská republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antiinfekční látky MeSH

Using an overlay test the production of bacteriocin-like activity and resistance was found in 6 of the total of 7 isolates (5 enterococcal and 2 streptococcal). The majority of strains were sensitive to all bacteriocin producers tested. After acetone precipitation, bacteriocin precipitates were tested for thermal stability. They exhibited high stability at 37 degrees C and some of them were active even after a treatment at 95 degrees C.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   farmakologie   MeSH
• chemická precipitace MeSH
• endopeptidasa K metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Streptococcus účinky léků   růst a vývoj   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• endopeptidasa K MeSH

Nondenaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of diversity among bacteriocins produced by strains of Bacillus sphaericus. Bacteriocin bands of six strains (pathogenic and non pathogenic) were found to be located just below the stacking gel. However, in two other strains (1 pathogenic and 1 collection strain) more than one protein band with bacteriocin activity were seen in the middle of resolving gel. In bacteriocin-treated cultures, electron-microscopy studies revealed the growth of lysedswollen ghost cells, and loss of viability among sensitive strains.

• MeSH
• Bacillus účinky léků   metabolismus   patogenita   MeSH
• bakteriociny chemie   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• Culicidae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• elektroforéza v polyakrylamidovém gelu MeSH
• elektronová mikroskopie MeSH
• larva mikrobiologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH

The genetic basis of the fungicidal activity of strains of Lactobacillus brevis and L. fermentum isolated from indigenous fermented foods was determined. A 5.5-kb plasmid was isolated from L. brevis while L. Fermentum was found to harbor no plasmid. Plasmid curing indicated no correlation between the plasmid and the fungicidal activity of the Lactobacillus species. The fungicidal activity of the isolated organisms can be supposed to be mediated by the chromosome. No antibiotic resistance genetic markers were detected on the plasmid and hence it was classified as cryptic.

• MeSH
• antibakteriální látky farmakologie   MeSH
• antifungální látky metabolismus   MeSH
• bakteriální chromozomy * MeSH
• bakteriální léková rezistence MeSH
• Fabaceae mikrobiologie   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• Lactobacillus klasifikace   účinky léků   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• mikrobiální testy citlivosti MeSH
• plazmidy genetika   MeSH
• potravinářská mikrobiologie MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• antifungální látky MeSH

A strain of Enterococcus faecium isolated from Bulgarian yellow cheese "kashkaval" produced a bacteriocin-like substance named enterococcin A 2000. The antibacterial substance had a low molar mass (< 2 kDa), was relatively stable toward heat but was sensitive to selected proteolytic enzymes. It was active against Gram-positive bacteria including enterococci, such as Listeria, Bacillus and Streptococcus, and also against Gram-negative E. coli. Production of enterococcin A 2000 has a maximum near the end of the exponential phase of producer growth. The peptide was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, butanol extraction, followed by cation-exchange chromatography and reversed-phase chromatography. A partial sequence of purified enterococcin A 2000 indicated that this substance does not belong to the class IIa of bacteriocins presenting the consensus anti-Listeria motif YGNGV.

• MeSH
• aminokyseliny analýza   MeSH
• antibakteriální látky chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• bakteriální RNA genetika   MeSH
• bakteriociny chemie   genetika   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• DNA bakterií genetika   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium chemie   genetika   MeSH
• Escherichia coli účinky léků   MeSH
• Listeria účinky léků   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S genetika   MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 23S genetika   MeSH
• sekvence aminokyselin MeSH
• sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
• sýr mikrobiologie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aminokyseliny MeSH
• antibakteriální látky MeSH
• bakteriální RNA MeSH
• bakteriociny MeSH
• DNA bakterií MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 16S MeSH
• RNA ribozomální 23S MeSH

The production of a novel broad-spectrum antimicrobial peptide enterococcin A 2000, active against Gram-positive and Gram-negative microorganisms including Listeria subsp. and Escherichia coli, by Enterococcus faecium strain A 2000 isolated from the surface of traditional Bulgarian yellow cheese "kash-kaval" is considerably influenced by complex nitrogen sources in the production medium. Medium components, especially peptone and yeast extract, and their concentration contributed to the increase in bacteriocin production during the stationary phase (16-46 h) of cultivation even in the absence of one of the components present in the basal cultivation MRS medium.

• MeSH
• bakteriociny biosyntéza   metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• dusík metabolismus   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium metabolismus   MeSH
• Escherichia coli metabolismus   MeSH
• kvasinky metabolismus   MeSH
• Listeria metabolismus   MeSH
• peptony metabolismus   MeSH
• sýr MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriociny MeSH
• dusík MeSH
• peptony MeSH

Two DNA-based techniques were used for species identification of enterococci. PvuII digestion of the genus-specific PCR product yielded four different restriction profiles among 20 enterococcal species; one of them was species-specific for E. faecium. In the second case, 32 reference strains belonging to 20 enterococcal species were divided to 12 groups by amplification of internal transcribed spacer of rRNA operon. Interspecies and some intraspecies profile variability was determined. Both methods gave similar results.

• MeSH
• druhová specificita MeSH
• Enterococcus klasifikace   genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• intergenová DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• polymerázová řetězová reakce metody   MeSH
• protozoální DNA chemie   genetika   MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu II metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• CAGCTG-specific type II deoxyribonucleases MeSH Prohlížeč
• intergenová DNA MeSH
• protozoální DNA MeSH
• restrikční endonukleasy typu II MeSH

The efficacy of combination therapy with methotrexate (MTX) and probiotic bacteria Enterococcus faecium enriched with organic selenium (EFSe) in rats with adjuvant arthritis was determined. Rats with adjuvant arthritis were given MTX (0.3 mg/kg 2-times weekly, orally); lyophilized E. faecium enriched with Se (15 mg/kg, 5 d per week, orally); and a combination of MTX plus EFSe for a period of 50 d from the immunization. Levels of serum albumin, serum nitrite/nitrate concentrations, changes in hind paw swelling, arthrogram score, bone erosions, whole body bone mineral density (BMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) were assayed in the rats as variables of inflammation and destructive arthritis-associated changes. Treatment with MTX and with the combination MTX + EFSe significantly inhibited markers of both inflammation and arthritis. Significant differences in favor of combination therapy with MTX + EFSe as compared to MTX alone were seen in serum albumin concentration, hind paw swelling and arthrogram score. Reductions in radiographic scores were also more pronounced in the combination therapy group. Combination therapy, but not MTX alone, inhibited the reduction of BMD and BMC; treatment with lyophilized EFSe alone had no significant effect on adjuvant arthritis in rats. The potent therapeutic effect of low dosage MTX therapy in combination with lyophilized EFSe on adjuvant arthritis in rats was shown.

• MeSH
• antirevmatika aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• artritida experimentální terapie   MeSH
• dusičnany krev   MeSH
• dusitany krev   MeSH
• Enterococcus faecium * MeSH
• kombinovaná farmakoterapie MeSH
• kostní denzita MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• methotrexát aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• noha (od hlezna dolů) patologie   MeSH
• potkani inbrední LEW MeSH
• probiotika aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• revmatoidní artritida terapie   MeSH
• selen aplikace a dávkování   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antirevmatika MeSH
• dusičnany MeSH
• dusitany MeSH
• methotrexát MeSH
• selen MeSH