Since January 2018, insects have been recognised as novel foods in the EU, but their nutritional value varies, and factors affecting their nutritional composition have been debated. We investigated the effect of sex on the nutritional value and chemical composition of the house cricket (Acheta domestica L.). Both sexes were rich in protein and lipids. The proximate composition was partly influenced by sex; females contained a significantly higher amount of lipids (18.3-21.7 vs 12.9-16.1 g/100 g dry matter, p = 0.0001) and fewer proteins than males (61.2-64.9 vs 66.3-69.6 g/100 g dry matter, p = 0.0001). Males contained more chitin (p = 0.0015) and nitrogen chains (p = 0.0003) than females. Only the ash (p = 0.4314) and nitrogen-free extract (p = 0.4871) were uninfluenced by sex. Furthermore, nutrient quality expressed as essential amino acid (72.3-77.1), thrombogenicity (1.22-1.45), and atherogenicity indices (0.53-0.58) did not differ between sexes (p > 0.05).

• Klíčová slova
• Amino acids, Fatty acids, Insects, Lipid, Novel food, Nutritional value, Protein,
• MeSH
• Gryllidae chemie   MeSH
• hmyzí proteiny analýza   MeSH
• lipidy analýza   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota * MeSH
• sexuální faktory MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• hmyzí proteiny MeSH
• lipidy MeSH

The content of major- and trace elements in wild-growing mushrooms has been subject to numerous studies, but the data on long-term trends in this regard are scarce. The aim of research was to determine the content of 34 elements in four edible mushroom species Boletus edulis, Imleria badia, Leccinum scabrum and Macrolepiota procera, and associated soil collected from Polish forests between 1974 and 2019. As initially hypothesized, the element concentration in the studied soil revealed an increasing trend and was positively correlated with their levels found in fruit bodies. Bioconcentrafion Factor values exceeding 1 were documented for all mushroom species for K, P, Ag, Cd, Cu, Hg, and Zn. When compared to the Adequate Intakes, all the mushroom species were found to be a good dietary source of K, P, and Zn (range of 6260-8690, 6260-8690 and 97-135 mg kg-1 dry weight (dw), respectively), and B. edulis and I. badia a moderate source of Fe (mean 71.5 and 76.5 mg kg-1 dw, respectively), B. edulis of Mn and Mo (mean 20.0 and 0.42 mg kg-1 dw, respectively), while L. scabrum and M. procera a source of Cu. Consumption of the studied mushrooms would not lead to significant exposure to Al, As, Cr, or Ni. Considering that wild mushrooms will continue to be collected in Poland, one should bear in mind that they are a limited source of minerals in the human diet while their frequent, regular consumption, associated with exposure to selected toxic elements, should not be recommended.

• Klíčová slova
• Edible mushrooms, Health risk, Major elements, Nutritional value, Trace elements,
• MeSH
• Agaricales * MeSH
• Basidiomycota MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Polsko MeSH

Fruit bodies of about 200 mushroom species are consumed throughout the world, preferably as a delicacy. Knowledge of their chemical composition, nutritional value and health-promoting effects has expanded dynamically during the last few years. Dry matter (DM) is low: commonly about 100 g kg⁻¹ . The usual contents of protein, lipids and ash are 200-250, 20-30 and 80-120 g kg⁻¹ DM, respectively. Various carbohydrates form the remaining DM. Nevertheless, great variations occur both among and within species. Energy is low, usually 350-400 kcal kg⁻¹ of fresh fruit bodies. The nutritional contribution of mushroom protein derived from earlier data seems to be overestimated. Fat content is low with markedly prevailing in linoleic acid and oleic acid, while the proportion of n-3 fatty acids is nutritionally marginal. The main carbohydrates are chitin, glycogen, trehalose and mannitol. Information on fibre content and composition is limited. Health-promoting β-glucans are an auspicious group of polysaccharides. High potassium content is characteristic of mushrooms. Several species can accumulate very high levels of both detrimental trace elements, particularly cadmium and mercury, and radiocaesium isotopes if growing on heavily polluted substrates. Mushrooms seem to be a considerable source of ergosterol, provitamin D₂, and phenolids with antioxidative properties. Hundreds of flavour constituents have been identified, particularly with eight-carbon aliphatic chains. Data on changes of mushroom components under various preservation conditions and culinary treatments have been fragmentary. Even more limited is knowledge of nutrient bioavailability.

• MeSH
• Agaricales chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• analýza potravin * MeSH
• chuť MeSH
• čití, cítění MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• odoranty MeSH
• pigmentace MeSH
• plodnice hub chemie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

The present study dealt with the influence of temperature and feed on the nutritional value of Tenebrio molitor, especially on the content of crude protein, amino acids, fat, and fatty acid profile. Tenebrio molitor larvae were kept in 15, 20, and 25°C and fed with wheat bran, lentil flour, and mixture. The parameters were analyzed by international standard methods. Generally, with an increase of the lentils in the feed, the crude protein content increased. The changes in the temperature and the feed were most pronounced on the essential amino acids Val, Arg, and Leu. The highest average fat content was determined at 20°C in insects fed with wheat bran. The lowest fat content was determined at 15°C in bran-fed insects. The dependency of fat content on the temperature in feeding with lentil flour and a mixture of wheat bran and lentil flour was statistically insignificant (P > 0.05, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney post hoc tests). The highest content of polyene fatty acids was achieved at a rearing temperature of 15°C and the bran diet. It was concluded that a higher proportion of protein diet could increase the content of crude protein in the insects. An increase in the temperature generally leads only to a slight increase in the content of nitrogenous substances. The influence of feed on this nutritional parameter is therefore much more significant than the effect of the rearing temperature. In general, it can be stated that the feed and the temperature also significantly affect the fat content.

• Klíčová slova
• lentil flour, mealworm, nutritional value, temperature, wheat bran,
• MeSH
• brouci MeSH
• dieta MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• Tenebrio růst a vývoj   MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Microgreens are rich functional crops with valuable nutritional elements that have health benefits when used as food supplements. Growth characterization, nutritional composition profile of 21 varieties representing five species of the Brassica genus as microgreens were assessed under light-emitting diodes (LEDs) conditions. Microgreens were grown under four different LEDs ratios (%); red:blue 80:20 and 20:80 (R80 :B20 and R20 :B80 ), or red:green:blue 70:10:20 and 20:10:70 (R70 :G10 :B20 and R20 :G10 :B70 ). Results indicated that supplemental lighting with green LEDs (R70 :G10 :B20 ) enhanced vegetative growth and morphology, while blue LEDs (R20 :B80 ) increased the mineral and vitamin contents. Interestingly, by linking the nutritional content with the growth yield to define the optimal LEDs setup, we found that the best lighting to promote the microgreen growth was the green LEDs combination (R70 :G10 :B20 ). Remarkably, under the green LEDs combination (R70 :G10 :B20 ) conditions, the microgreens of Kohlrabi purple, Cabbage red, Broccoli, Kale Tucsan, Komatsuna red, Tatsoi and Cabbage green, which can benefit human health in conditions with limited food, had the highest growth and nutritional content.

• MeSH
• Brassica * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• listy rostlin MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• osvětlení MeSH
• světlo MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Inland recreational fishing is primarily considered a leisure-driven activity in freshwaters, yet its harvest can contribute to food systems. Here we estimate that the harvest from inland recreational fishing equates to just over one-tenth of all reported inland fisheries catch globally. The estimated total consumptive use value of inland recreational fish destined for human consumption may reach US$9.95 billion annually. We identify Austria, Canada, Germany and Slovakia as countries above the third quantile for nutrition, economic value and climate vulnerability. These results have important implications for populations dependent on inland recreational fishing for food. Our findings can inform climate adaptation planning for inland recreational fisheries, particularly those not currently managed as food fisheries.

• MeSH
• klimatické změny * ekonomika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nutriční hodnota * MeSH
• rekreace * MeSH
• rybářství * ekonomika   MeSH
• ryby MeSH
• sladká voda MeSH
• zachování přírodních zdrojů ekonomika   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Kanada MeSH
• Německo MeSH
• Rakousko MeSH
• Slovenská republika MeSH

The specialization of parasitic plants from the Orobanchaceae family to the heterotrophic lifestyle caused several morphological, physiological and molecular changes. One of the adaptations to the parasitic lifestyle is the production of a large number of the smallest seeds in world flora, also called "dust-seeds". Seeds of 34 holoparasitic species from the Cistanche, Orobanche, Phelipanche, and Phelypaea genera were collected in the Caucasus region (54 samples) and their fatty acid content and compositions analysed. Of these seeds, 28 were investigated for the first time, and 12 are endemic to the Caucasus (one of the most important biodiversity hotspots in the world). The influence of different hosts, populations, habitats, and climatic conditions on the fatty acid content and composition, as well as some connections of taxonomic classification are discussed. The fatty acid content in the species varied between 0.9 and 42.5%, and showed quantitative differences at generic and infrageneric levels, while displaying uniform fatty acid composition. Thirteen fatty acids were identified, of which nine were undescribed for Orobanchaceae. The fatty acid composition of the Orobanchaceae seeds represented a mixture of saturated fatty acids (SFAs) (average 7.8%) and unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs) (average 92.2%). The fatty acid content in the Orobanchaceae seeds was directly unrelated to taxonomy, while the n-6/n-3 fatty acid ratio supported the clear separation of the Orobanche and Phelipanche genera. Orobanchaceae seeds contained mainly linoleic and oleic acids, thus they could be a potential nutritional source of the unsaturated fatty acids. Additionally, the studies confirmed the hypothesis that the degree of seed oil fatty acid unsaturation increased in colder climatic conditions, especially for the Orobanche genus.

• Klíčová slova
• Chemotaxonomy, Climatic conditions, Dust seeds, Fatty acid composition, Host, Nutritional properties, Orobancheae,
• MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH
• Orobanchaceae * MeSH
• Orobanche * MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• mastné kyseliny MeSH
• oleje rostlin MeSH

Effects of protein precipitators, ethanol and ferric chloride, on yield, resolubility, chemical composition and nutritional value of protein concentrates isolated from industrial potato fruit juice (PFJ) were studied. Optimum precipitating concentrations of ethanol and ferric chloride in PFJ were 4 M (23.1% v/v) and 20 mM (2% w/v), resulting in yield of 69% and 86.5% of total protein, respectively. Contents of total glycoalkaloids and potassium in both protein concentrates were significantly lower (P < 0.05) as compared with contents in PFJ dry matter. Both protein concentrates exhibited high nutritional value; values of essential amino acid index (EAAI) were 81.7% and 82.7%, respectively. Fraction of patatin proteins (39-43 kDa) represented with EAAI value of 86.1% the nutritionally improving protein component. Lipid acyl hydrolase activity of patatin family was not negatively affected by cooled ethanol precipitation. It can be thus suggested that biological and enzymatic activities of this protein family are utilizable after this type of precipitation.

• MeSH
• chemická precipitace MeSH
• chloridy MeSH
• esenciální aminokyseliny analýza   MeSH
• ethanol chemie   MeSH
• hlízy rostlin chemie   MeSH
• inhibitory proteas analýza   MeSH
• karboxylesterhydrolasy analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• nápoje analýza   MeSH
• nutriční hodnota * MeSH
• rostlinné proteiny analýza   chemie   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• Solanum tuberosum chemie   MeSH
• železité sloučeniny chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• chloridy MeSH
• esenciální aminokyseliny MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• ferric chloride MeSH Prohlížeč
• inhibitory proteas MeSH
• karboxylesterhydrolasy MeSH
• patatin protein, Solanum tuberosum MeSH Prohlížeč
• rostlinné proteiny MeSH
• železité sloučeniny MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• FISH/nutrition and diet *,
• MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• hodnocení stavu výživy * MeSH
• nutriční hodnota * MeSH
• nutriční stav * MeSH
• ryby * MeSH
• výzkum * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Proximate and fatty acid (FA) composition of seven freshwater fish species from the Czech Republic were examined. Moreover, the index of atherogenicity (IA) and the index of thrombogenicity (IT) were calculated from the obtained data. These two indices along with the total content of the essential n-3 FAs, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) as well as the ratio of n-6/n3 FAs, provide good indicators for the nutritional value of the fish. The species had been selected owing to the limited amount of information about their nutritional composition available. Furthermore, they are not typically subject to aquaculture, being almost exclusively obtained by angling. The protein content was relatively stable in all species (17.1 ± 1.55 to 19.2 ± 2.20 g/100 g). The content of carbohydrates ranged from 0.02 ± 0.1 to 0.99 ± 0.0 g/100 g and ash from 1.08 ± 0.20 to 2.54 ± 1.57 g/100 g. As expected, a high variability was observed in the fat content (0.74 ± 0.04 to 4.04 ± 0.81 g/100 g) and the FA composition, as well as the contents of EPA and DHA. IA and IT were close to the values stated for the Eskimo diet, indicating a high nutritional value with a positive effect for human health.

• Klíčová slova
• Docosahexaenoic acid, Eicosapentenoic acid, Index of atherogenicity, Index of thrombogenicity, Nutritional value,
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH