Rumen bacterium Pseudobutyrivibrio ruminis strain k3 utilized over 90% sucrose added to the growth medium as a sole carbon source. Zymographic studies of the bacterial cell extract revealed the presence of a single enzyme involved in sucrose digestion. Thin layer chromatography showed fructose and glucose-1-phosphate (Glc1P) as end products of the digestion of sucrose by identified enzyme. The activity of the enzyme depended on the presence of inorganic phosphate and was the highest at the concentration of phosphate 56 mmol/L. The enzyme was identified as the sucrose phosphorylase (EC 2.4.1.7) of molar mass approximately 54 kDa and maximum activity at pH 6.0 and 45 degrees C. The calculated Michaelis constant (Km) for Glc1P formation and release of fructose by partially purified enzyme were 4.4 and 8.56 mmol/L while the maximum velocities of the reaction (Vlim) were 1.19 and 0.64 micromol/L per mg protein per min, respectively.

• MeSH
• bachor mikrobiologie   MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny chemie   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• chromatografie na tenké vrstvě MeSH
• fosfáty metabolismus   MeSH
• fruktosa metabolismus   MeSH
• glukosafosfáty metabolismus   MeSH
• glukosyltransferasy chemie   izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• grampozitivní bakterie izolace a purifikace   metabolismus   MeSH
• kinetika MeSH
• koncentrace vodíkových iontů MeSH
• kultivační média chemie   MeSH
• molekulová hmotnost MeSH
• sacharosa metabolismus   MeSH
• stabilita enzymů MeSH
• teplota MeSH
• uhlík metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• fosfáty MeSH
• fruktosa MeSH
• glucose-1-phosphate MeSH Prohlížeč
• glukosafosfáty MeSH
• glukosyltransferasy MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• sacharosa MeSH
• sucrose phosphorylase MeSH Prohlížeč
• uhlík MeSH

During yeast dough fermentation, such as the high-sucrose bread-making process, the yeast cells are subjected to considerable osmotic stress, resulting in poor outcomes. Invertase is important for catalyzing the irreversible hydrolysis of sucrose to free glucose and fructose, and decreasing the catalytic activity of the invertase may reduce the glucose osmotic stress on the yeast. In this study, we performed structural design and site-directed mutagenesis (SDM) on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae invertase (ScInV) in an Escherichia coli expression system to study the catalytic activity of ScInV mutants in vitro. In addition, we generated the same mutation sites in the yeast endogenous genome and tested their invertase activity in yeast and dough fermentation ability. Our results indicated that appropriately reduced invertase activity of yeast ScInV can enhance dough fermentation activity under high-sucrose conditions by 52%. Our systems have greatly accelerated the engineering of yeast endogenous enzymes both in vitro and in yeast, and shed light on future metabolic engineering of yeast.

• Klíčová slova
• Fermentation ability, Invertase activity, Protein engineering, Site-directed mutagenesis,
• MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• glukosa metabolismus   MeSH
• invertasa * genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• proteinové inženýrství MeSH
• Saccharomyces cerevisiae * metabolismus   MeSH
• sacharosa metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glukosa MeSH
• invertasa * MeSH
• sacharosa MeSH

Early life exposure to certain environmental stimuli is related to the development of alternative phenotypes in mammals. A number of these phenotypes are related to an increased risk of disease later in life, creating a massive healthcare burden. With recent focus on the determination of underlying causes of common metabolic disorders, parental nutrition is of great interest, mainly due to a global shift towards a Western-type diet. Recent studies focusing on the increase of food or macronutrient intake don't always consider the source of these nutrients as an important factor. In our study, we concentrate on the effects of high-sucrose diet, which provides carbohydrates in form of sucrose as opposed to starch in standard diet, fed in pregnancy and lactation in two subsequent generations of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and congenic SHR-Zbtb16 rats. Maternal sucrose intake increased fasting glycaemia in SHR female offspring in adulthood and increased their chow consumption in gravidity. High-sucrose diet fed to the maternal grandmother increased brown fat weight and HDL cholesterol levels in adult male offspring of both strains, i.e., the grandsons. Fasting glycaemia was however decreased only in SHR offspring. In conclusion, we show the second-generation effects of maternal exposition to a high-sucrose diet, some modulated to a certain extent by variation in the Zbtb16 gene.

• Klíčová slova
• DOHAD, HDL cholesterol, brown fat, high sucrose diet, rat model,
• MeSH
• dieta * MeSH
• energetický metabolismus * MeSH
• fyziologie výživy v mateřství * MeSH
• glukózový toleranční test MeSH
• konzumní sacharóza metabolismus   MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• lipidy krev   MeSH
• metabolické nemoci etiologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• metabolismus lipidů MeSH
• náchylnost k nemoci MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• tělesné váhy a míry MeSH
• zpožděný efekt prenatální expozice * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• konzumní sacharóza MeSH
• krevní glukóza MeSH
• lipidy MeSH

Shoot branching is an important aspect of plant architecture because it substantially affects plant biology and agricultural performance. Sugars play an important role in the induction of shoot branching in several species, including potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). However, the mechanism by which sugars affect shoot branching remains mostly unknown. In the present study, we addressed this question using sugar-mediated induction of bud outgrowth in potato stems under etiolated conditions. Our results indicate that sucrose feeding to detached stems promotes the accumulation of cytokinin (CK), as well as the expression of vacuolar invertase (VInv), an enzyme that contributes to sugar sink strength. These effects of sucrose were suppressed by CK synthesis and perception inhibitors, while CK supplied to detached stems induced bud outgrowth and VInv activity in the absence of sucrose. CK-induced bud outgrowth was suppressed in vinv mutants, which we generated by genome editing. Altogether, our results identify a branching-promoting module, and suggest that sugar-induced lateral bud outgrowth is in part promoted by the induction of CK-mediated VInv activity.

• MeSH
• cytokininy metabolismus   MeSH
• genetická variace MeSH
• geneticky modifikované rostliny růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• mutace MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin metabolismus   MeSH
• sacharosa metabolismus   MeSH
• Solanum tuberosum růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• výhonky rostlin růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny růst a vývoj   metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S. MeSH
• srovnávací studie MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Izrael MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cytokininy MeSH
• regulátory růstu rostlin MeSH
• sacharosa MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• PROSTATE/metabolism *, SUCROSE *,
• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• prostata metabolismus   MeSH
• sacharosa * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• sacharosa * MeSH

The aim of the current study was to clarify the effect of high sucrose diet (HSD) on bile formation (BF) in rats with hereditary hypertriglyceridemia (HHTg). Potentially positive effects were studied for boldine, a natural choleretic agent. Administration of HSD to HHTg rats led to increased triglyceride deposition in the liver. HSD reduced BF as a consequence of decreased biliary secretion of bile acids (BA) and glutathione. Responsible mechanism was down-regulation of hepatic transporters for BA and glutathione, Bsep and Mrp2, respectively. Moreover, gene expressions of transporters for other constituents of bile, namely Abcg5/8 for cholesterol, Abcb4 for phospholipids, and Oatp1a4 for xenobiotics, were also reduced by HSD. Boldine partially attenuated cholestatic effect of HSD by promotion of biliary secretion of BA through up-regulation of Bsep and Ntcp, and by increase in biliary secretion of glutathione as a consequence of its increased hepatic disposition. This study demonstrates mechanisms of impaired BF during nonalcoholic fatty liver disease induced by HSD. Altered function of responsible transporters suggests also potential for changes in kinetics of drugs, which may complicate pharmacotherapy in subjects with high intake of sucrose, and with fatty liver disease. Sucrose induced alterations in BF may be alleviated by administration of boldine.

• MeSH
• aporfiny terapeutické užití   MeSH
• cholestáza farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• hypertriglyceridemie farmakoterapie   genetika   patologie   MeSH
• konzumní sacharóza škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• nealkoholová steatóza jater farmakoterapie   patologie   MeSH
• potkani transgenní MeSH
• potkani Wistar MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• aporfiny MeSH
• boldine MeSH Prohlížeč
• konzumní sacharóza MeSH

Sucrose and molasses are attractive raw materials for industrial fermentation. Although Corynebacterium glutamicum shows sucrose-utilizing activity, sucrose or molasses is only a fraction of carbon source used in the fermentation medium in most works. An engineered C. glutamicum strain was constructed for producing L-ornithine with sucrose or molasses as a sole carbon source by transferring Mannheimia succiniciproducens β-fructofuranosidase gene (sacC). The engineered strain, C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42 (pEC-sacC), produced 22.0 g/L of L-ornithine with sucrose as the sole carbon source, which is on par with that obtained by the parent strain C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42 with glucose as the sole carbon. The resulting strain C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42 (pEC-sacC) produced 27.0 g/L of L-ornithine with molasses as the sole carbon source, which is higher than that obtained by the parent strain C. glutamicum ΔAPE6937R42 with glucose as the sole carbon. This strategy can be applied for developing sucrose- or molasses-utilizing industrial strains.

• MeSH
• bakteriální proteiny genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• Corynebacterium glutamicum genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• fermentace MeSH
• melasa analýza   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• ornithin biosyntéza   MeSH
• průmyslová mikrobiologie MeSH
• sacharosa metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• bakteriální proteiny MeSH
• ornithin MeSH
• sacharosa MeSH

Despite the ecological and industrial importance of biomass accumulation in wood, the control of carbon (C) allocation to this tissue and to other tree tissues remain poorly understood. We studied sucrose synthase (SUS) to clarify its role in biomass formation and C metabolism at the whole tree level in hybrid aspen (Populus tremula × tremuloides). To this end, we analysed source leaves, phloem, developing wood, and roots of SUSRNAi trees using a combination of metabolite profiling, 13 CO2 pulse labelling experiments, and long-term field experiments. The glasshouse grown SUSRNAi trees exhibited a mild stem phenotype together with a reduction in wood total C. The 13 CO2 pulse labelling experiments showed an alteration in the C flow in all the analysed tissues, indicating that SUS affects C metabolism at the whole tree level. This was confirmed when the SUSRNAi trees were grown in the field over a 5-yr period; their stem height, diameter and biomass were substantially reduced. These results establish that SUS influences C allocation to developing wood, and that it affects C metabolism at the whole tree level.

• Klíčová slova
• Populus, 13C labelling, aspen, biomass, carbon allocation, sucrose synthase,
• MeSH
• dřevo * MeSH
• glukosyltransferasy MeSH
• Populus * genetika   MeSH
• stromy MeSH
• uhlík MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• glukosyltransferasy MeSH
• sucrose synthase MeSH Prohlížeč
• uhlík MeSH

Production of L-lysine was followed in two lysine-accumulating mutants of Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 13287 in media containing sucrose, ethanol, acetic acid or a mixture of acetic acid and ammonium or sodium acetate. It was found that acetate is the best substitution for sucrose.

• MeSH
• acetáty metabolismus   MeSH
• Corynebacterium metabolismus   MeSH
• ethanol metabolismus   MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lysin biosyntéza   MeSH
• sacharosa metabolismus   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• acetáty MeSH
• ethanol MeSH
• kultivační média MeSH
• lysin MeSH
• sacharosa MeSH

Both prenatal and postnatal excessive consumption of dietary sucrose or fructose was shown to be detrimental to health and contributing to pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome. Our knowledge of genetic determinants of individual sensitivity to sucrose-driven metabolic effects is limited. In this study, we have tested the hypothesis that a variation of metabolic syndrome-related gene, Zbtb16 (Zinc Finger and BTB Domain Containing 16 will affect the reaction to high-sucrose diet (HSD) content in "matched" nutritional exposition settings, i.e. maternal HSD with re-exposition to HSD in adulthood vs. standard diet. We compared metabolic profiles of adult males of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and a single-gene, minimal congenic strain SHR-Zbtb16 fed either standard diet or exposed to HSD prenatally throughout gestation and nursing and again at the age of 6 months for the period of 14 days. HSD exposition led to increased adiposity in both strains and decrease of glucose tolerance and cholesterol (Ch) concentrations in majority of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particle classes and in very large and large high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in SHR-Zbtb16 male offspring. There was a similar pattern of HSD-induced increase of triacylglycerols in chylomicrons and very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) of both strains, though the increase of (triacylglycerol) TAG content was clearly more pronounced in SHR. We observed significant STRAIN*DIET interactions for the smallest LDL particles as their TAG content decreased in SHR-Zbtb16 and did not change in SHR in response to HSD. In summary, we provide evidence of nutrigenetic interaction between Zbtb16 and HSD in context of pathogenesis of metabolic syndrome.

• MeSH
• cholesterol metabolismus   MeSH
• hypertenze genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• konzumní sacharóza metabolismus   MeSH
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• metabolický syndrom etiologie   metabolismus   patologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• nutrigenomika metody   MeSH
• potkani inbrední SHR MeSH
• protein promyelocytické leukemie s motivem zinkového prstu genetika   metabolismus   MeSH
• sladidla metabolismus   MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• triglyceridy metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata kongenní MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• krysa rodu Rattus MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• těhotenství MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• cholesterol MeSH
• konzumní sacharóza MeSH
• protein promyelocytické leukemie s motivem zinkového prstu MeSH
• sladidla MeSH
• triglyceridy MeSH
• ZBTB16 protein, rat MeSH Prohlížeč