(1) Background: This study evaluated the effects of a plant bioactive (Phyto Ax’Cell, Phytosynthese, Mozac, France) on the inflammatory status and health of dairy cows during calving. (2) Methods: 46 Holstein crossbred cows were randomized into a control group (CON, n = 23) and the Phyto Ax’Cell group (PAC, n = 23). PAC received Phyto Ax’Cell at 25 g/cow/day, from 15 days prepartum to 7 days postpartum. Blood analyses were performed weekly from D-7 to D14 to evaluate the energy metabolism and inflammatory status; rectal temperature was measured daily within 14 days from calving day (D0). (3) Results: PAC showed lower serum haptoglobin at D7 (0.55 vs. 0.79 mg/mL; p < 0.05) and D14 (0.44 vs. 0.66 mg/mL; p < 0.05). CON had a higher number of circulating white blood cells and granulocytes on D7 (p < 0.05). Fewer cows from PAC showed hyperthermia (≥39 °C) during the first 2 weeks postpartum (−7%, p < 0.05). Energy metabolism, which was represented by the NEFA/cholesterol ratio, improved (0.21 vs. 0.36 at D0, p < 0.1; 0.19 and 0.15 vs. 0.36 and 0.32, respectively, at D+7 and D+14, p < 0.05) under the plant bioactive supplementation. (4) Conclusions: The results suggest that the anti-inflammatory plant bioactive compound with Brazilian green propolis administered during calving had a beneficial effect on the energy and inflammatory status of dairy cows.

• Klíčová slova
• energy status, inflammation, periparturient cows, plant bioactive compounds,
• MeSH
• dieta veterinární   MeSH
• fytonutrienty farmakologie   MeSH
• haptoglobiny metabolismus   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné neesterifikované metabolismus   MeSH
• laktace MeSH
• mléko * metabolismus   MeSH
• potravní doplňky MeSH
• propolis * farmakologie   MeSH
• skot MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• skot MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie veterinární MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• haptoglobiny MeSH
• kyseliny mastné neesterifikované MeSH
• propolis * MeSH

Cyanobacterial blooms have increased in frequency, distribution, and intensity due to climate change and anthropogenic nutrient input. The release of bioactive compounds accumulated in these blooms can affect the health of humans and the environment. The co-occurrence of bioactive metabolites is well-documented in bloom samples from marine and freshwater ecosystems, with fewer reports from unialgal isolates. Cyanobacteria also are important terrestrial ecosystem components, especially in drylands, but reports on bioactive molecules from terrestrial cyanobacteria are sparse. This study determined bioactive metabolite profiles for 71 genera of cyanobacteria from seven orders isolated from freshwater (12 genera), marine (15 genera), and terrestrial (44 genera) habitats originally. Cultures were harvested for bioactive metabolites when entering the late-exponential phase for all 157 strains, and 33 were sampled at both early and late exponential phases. Bioactive metabolites were analyzed using an ultra high performance/pressure liquid chromatography in-line with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer. Overall, 12 bioactive classes of the 28 identified were ubiquitous in all samples. On average, each freshwater genus produced ∼12 bioactive classes, whereas each marine genus contained > 4 bioactive classes, and each terrestrial genus contained ∼6 bioactive classes. While 10 of 12 freshwater genera produced at least 10 bioactive classes, only a single genus each from marine and terrestrial habitats had the same number of bioactive classed accumulated. Aeruginosin was found in 58 of 71 total genera, carmabin in 51 of 71 genera, and anabaenopeptin in 48 of 71 genera. Chemotaxonomic use of these secondary metabolites may help resolve higher-level genetic classification(s). An additional growth curve experiment showed that bioactive metabolites were produced at both early and late exponential growth phases. The bioactive metabolite accumulation pattern between early and late exponential phases differed by bioactive classes, genera, and habitats. This survey of 55 bioactive classes in cyanobacteria isolated from freshwater, marine, and terrestrial habitats (71 genera) provides as one of the first systematic bioactive metabolite profiles for cyanobacteria, which should be useful in environmental and drinking water management. Further, it offers novel insights about the toxin potential of selected terrestrial cyanobacteria.

• Klíčová slova
• Bioactive metabolites, Cyanotoxin, Harmful algal isolates, Microcystins, Systematic survey, UPLC-TOF-MS,
• MeSH
• ekosystém * MeSH
• sinice * metabolismus   MeSH
• sladká voda mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Phytocannabinoids occurring in Cannabis Sativa L. are unique secondary metabolites possessing interesting pharmacological activities. In this study, the dynamics of thermally induced (60 and 120 °C) phytocannabinoid reactions in four cannabis varieties were investigated. Using UHPLC-HRMS/MS, 40 phytocannabinoids were involved in target analysis, and an additional 281 compounds with cannabinoid-like structures and 258 non-cannabinoid bioactive compounds were subjected to suspect screening. As expected, the key reaction was the decarboxylation of acidic phytocannabinoids. Nevertheless, the rate constants differed among cannabis varieties, documenting the matrix-dependence of this process. Besides neutral counterparts of acidic species, ́neẃ bioactive compounds such as hydroxyquinones were found in heated samples. In addition, changes in other bioactive compounds with both cannabinoid-like and non-cannabinoid structures were documented during cannabis heating at 120 °C. The data document the complexity of heat-induced processes and provide a further understanding of changes in bioactivities occurring under such conditions.

• Klíčová slova
• Bioactive compounds, Cannabinoid hydroxyquinones, Cannabis, Decarboxylation, Hemp, Phytocannabinoids, Suspect screening, UHPLC-HRMS/MS,
• MeSH
• Cannabis * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• fytonutrienty * analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• inflorescentia * chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kanabinoidy * analýza   chemie   metabolismus   MeSH
• kapalinová chromatografie-hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• sekundární metabolismus MeSH
• vysoká teplota * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytonutrienty * MeSH
• kanabinoidy * MeSH

Deregulation of the mechanistic target of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway plays an important role in cancer genesis and progression, making it an attractive target for cancer treatment. Disrupting the mTOR pathway contributes to uncontrolled cell growth, increased proliferation, and enhanced cell survival, all of which are hallmarks of cancer. The findings imply that the deregulation of the mTOR pathway in cancer provides a compelling basis for therapeutic treatments. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids and polyphenols have been shown to play a key role in suppressing different kinases implicated in PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling cascades. A thorough study of the molecular connections between bioactive substances, mTOR signaling, and autophagy activation can lead to the creation of personalized treatments that work better and have fewer side effects. Finding out how important it is to target the mTOR pathway and how to use bioactive chemicals from plants to treat cancer are both important discoveries that could lead to more precise medicine and the development of effective cancer drugs. Finally, targeting mTOR pathways using plant-derived chemicals may be a promising therapy strategy for cancer. This review tries to summarize putative plant bioactive chemicals that act on malignancies via mTOR signaling pathways. Furthermore, the paper discusses the role of the mTOR pathway in cancer, specifically its influence on cell growth, proliferation, and survival.

• Klíčová slova
• apoptosis, autophagy, mTOR signaling pathway, oncology, pharmacology, plant bioactive compounds,
• MeSH
• autofagie účinky léků   MeSH
• fytogenní protinádorové látky * farmakologie   MeSH
• fytonutrienty * farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• nádory * farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• signální transdukce * účinky léků   MeSH
• TOR serin-threoninkinasy * metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytogenní protinádorové látky * MeSH
• fytonutrienty * MeSH
• MTOR protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
• TOR serin-threoninkinasy * MeSH

Chyawanprash (CP) is an Ayurvedic health supplement which is made up of a super-concentrated blend of nutrient-rich herbs and minerals. It is meant to restore drained reserves of life force (ojas) and to preserve strength, stamina, and vitality, while stalling the course of aging. Chyawanprash is formulated by processing around 50 medicinal herbs and their extracts, including the prime ingredient, Amla (Indian gooseberry), which is the world's richest source of vitamin C. Chyawanprash preparation involves preparing a decoction of herbs, followed by dried extract preparation, subsequent mixture with honey, and addition of aromatic herb powders (namely clove, cardamom, and cinnamon) as standard. The finished product has a fruit jam-like consistency, and a sweet, sour, and spicy flavor. Scientific exploration of CP is warranted to understand its therapeutic efficacy. Scattered information exploring the therapeutic potential of CP is available, and there is a need to assemble it. Thus, an effort was made to compile the scattered information from ancient Ayurvedic texts and treatises, along with ethnobotanical, ethnopharmacological, and scientifically validated literature, that highlight the role of CP in therapeutics. Citations relevant to the topic were screened.

• Klíčová slova
• Chyawanprash, Indian gooseberry, ayurveda, health supplement, medicinal plants, nutraceutical, traditional medicine,
• MeSH
• funkční potraviny MeSH
• fytonutrienty analýza   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• marketing MeSH
• potravní doplňky * MeSH
• rostlinné přípravky aplikace a dávkování   škodlivé účinky   farmakologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• Chyavanprash MeSH Prohlížeč
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• rostlinné přípravky MeSH

Chili peppers have been under the spotlight of bioactivity research as they feature a diverse and rich phytochemical profile with multiple health promoting effects. These beneficial properties are related to the chemical composition of chili peppers and is of utmost importance to identify varieties with the strongest bioprospecting potential. In this study, 19 chili pepper varieties were investigated originating from Capsicum annuum L. (n = 3), Capsicum baccatum L. (n = 3) and Capsicum chinense Jacq. (n = 13) species. Firstly, a suspect screening based on a spectral library was applied and the bioactive profile of all samples was acquired using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-q-TOF-MS). The ethanolic extracts were richer in bioactive compounds and exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity. Then, 6 different enzyme assays were performed targeting enzymes involved in non-communicable diseases, such as cholinesterases involved in Alzheimer's disease or pancreatic lipase in obesity. The strongest inhibitory effect was noticed for 6 Capsicum chinense Jacq. varieties (half maximal inhibitory concentration ranging between 0.56 and 9.2 mg/mL), namely Moruga, Naga chocolate, Bhut jolokia, Carolina reaper, Trinidad scorpion moruga and Naga morich. By using the enzyme inhibitory profile, it was feasible to discriminate these 6 varieties from the rest tested based on a principal component analysis (PCA) model. Moderate and strong correlations were also noticed between the relative content of the identified compounds and the enzyme inhibition. Naringenin, a flavanone, and vanillic acid, a phenolic acid, strongly correlated towards human acetylcholinesterase and alpha glucosidase inhibition, respectively. Overall, the presented results underscore the high potential of Capsicum chinense Jacq. species to be used as sources of bioactive natural compounds for nutraceutical applications.

• Klíčová slova
• Capsaicinoids, Enzyme assay, Phenolic compounds, Spectrophotometric detection, Ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry,
• MeSH
• antioxidancia analýza   farmakologie   MeSH
• Capsicum * chemie   klasifikace   MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory farmakologie   analýza   MeSH
• fytonutrienty * analýza   MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů * farmakologie   analýza   MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * chemie   farmakologie   analýza   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Itálie MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antioxidancia MeSH
• cholinesterasové inhibitory MeSH
• fytonutrienty * MeSH
• inhibitory enzymů * MeSH
• rostlinné extrakty * MeSH

Chronic inflammation with a wide spectrum of connected diseases (e [...].

• MeSH
• fytonutrienty farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• objevování léků MeSH
• regulace genové exprese účinky léků   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• tradiční čínská medicína MeSH
• zánět farmakoterapie   metabolismus   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• úvodní články MeSH
• úvodníky MeSH
• Názvy látek
• fytonutrienty MeSH

Ziziphora species represent the prototypical example of the Lamiaceae family. The phytochemicals present in Ziziphora include monoterpenic essential oils, triterpenes and phenolic substances belonging to the flavonoids. In Kazakh traditional medicine, Ziziphora species possess several medicinal uses. In particular, Z. bungeana Lam. and Z. clinopodioides Lam. are used for the treatment of illnesses related to the cardiovascular system or to combat different infections. Unfortunately, the majority of the information about the complex Ziziphora species is only available in Russian and Chinese language, therefore, we decided gather all available information on Kazakhstan Ziziphora, namely its content compounds, medicinal uses and published patents, to draw the attention of scientists to this very interesting plant with high medicinal potential.

• Klíčová slova
• Ziziphora, antibacterial, cardiovascular, essential oil, flavonoid, triterpene,
• MeSH
• biologické přípravky chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• fytonutrienty chemie   izolace a purifikace   farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• oleje prchavé chemie   farmakologie   MeSH
• Rhizophoraceae chemie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• biologické přípravky MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• fytonutrienty MeSH
• oleje prchavé MeSH

Human immunity involves both innate and adaptive defence mechanisms, with inflammation playing a central role in responding to cellular injury, pathogenic infections, and allergic stimuli. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are closely associated with the onset and progression of inflammation. While moderate ROS levels function as crucial signalling molecules, excessive ROS can damage cellular components. This study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant potential of plant-derived bioactive compounds including chlorogenic acid, oleuropein, tomatine, and tyrosol using human monocytic cell models (U-937 and THP-1). Differentiation of U-937 and THP-1 cells was induced prior to treatment with the selected bioactive compounds. Cell morphology and integrity were examined utilizing confocal microscopy. Gene expression stability was evaluated using reference genes β-actin and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH). Protein expression levels of key inflammatory markers were determined by Western blot analysis. In addition, molecular docking studies were conducted to assess the binding affinity of the compounds to human target proteins [Interleukin-4 (IL-4), 5-Lipoxygenase (LOX-5), Myeloperoxidase (MPO), and Tumor necrosis factor-alpha ( TNF-α)]. No cytotoxic effects were observed in treated cells, and GAPDH was confirmed as a stable reference gene under all experimental conditions. In U-937 cells, treatment with the bioactive compounds led to increased expression of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-4 and decreased expression of MPO. Notably, exposure to chlorogenic acid and tyrosol reduced MPO activity. Oleuropein and tyrosol demonstrated a strong suppressive effect on the expression of LOX-5, an enzyme responsible for leukotriene production. All tested bioactive compounds significantly reduced the phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induced increase in LOX-5 activity. Molecular docking supported the potential of these compounds to interact with key inflammatory proteins, contributing to reduced oxidative stress. The plant-derived compounds, particularly oleuropein and tyrosol from olives, exhibit promising anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects by modulating ROS-associated signalling pathways and downregulating inflammatory markers. These findings support the therapeutic potential of agricultural waste-derived bioactive in inflammation management and oxidative stress regulation.

• Klíčová slova
• Antioxidants, Bioactive compound, Free radicals, Inflammation, Interleukin-4, LOX-5, Macrophages, Monocytes, Reactive oxygen species,
• MeSH
• antiflogistika * farmakologie   chemie   MeSH
• antioxidancia farmakologie   MeSH
• arachidonát-5-lipoxygenasa metabolismus   MeSH
• fenethylalkohol analogy a deriváty   farmakologie   MeSH
• iridoidní glukosidy farmakologie   MeSH
• iridoidy farmakologie   MeSH
• kyselina chlorogenová farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• makrofágy * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• monocyty * účinky léků   metabolismus   MeSH
• oxidační stres * účinky léků   MeSH
• peroxidasa metabolismus   MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku metabolismus   MeSH
• simulace molekulového dockingu MeSH
• THP-1 buňky MeSH
• TNF-alfa metabolismus   MeSH
• U937 buňky MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• 4-hydroxyphenylethanol MeSH Prohlížeč
• antiflogistika * MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• arachidonát-5-lipoxygenasa MeSH
• fenethylalkohol MeSH
• iridoidní glukosidy MeSH
• iridoidy MeSH
• kyselina chlorogenová MeSH
• oleuropein MeSH Prohlížeč
• peroxidasa MeSH
• reaktivní formy kyslíku MeSH
• TNF-alfa MeSH

Berries, especially members of several families, such as Rosaceae (strawberry, raspberry, blackberry), and Ericaceae (blueberry, cranberry), belong to the best dietary sources of bioactive compounds (BAC). They have delicious taste and flavor, have economic importance, and because of the antioxidant properties of BAC, they are of great interest also for nutritionists and food technologists due to the opportunity to use BAC as functional foods ingredients. The bioactive compounds in berries contain mainly phenolic compounds (phenolic acids, flavonoids, such as anthocyanins and flavonols, and tannins) and ascorbic acid. These compounds, either individually or combined, are responsible for various health benefits of berries, such as prevention of inflammation disorders, cardiovascular diseases, or protective effects to lower the risk of various cancers. In this review bioactive compounds of commonly consumed berries are described, as well as the factors influencing their antioxidant capacity and their health benefits.

• Klíčová slova
• anthocyanins, antioxidant activity, berry, bioactive compounds, health benefits, phenolic compounds,
• MeSH
• anthokyaniny chemie   MeSH
• antioxidancia chemie   MeSH
• brusnice s jedlými plody chemie   MeSH
• Ericaceae chemie   MeSH
• fenoly chemie   MeSH
• flavonoidy chemie   MeSH
• jahodník chemie   MeSH
• kyselina askorbová chemie   MeSH
• ovoce MeSH
• Rosaceae chemie   MeSH
• Rubus chemie   MeSH
• Vaccinium macrocarpon chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• anthokyaniny MeSH
• antioxidancia MeSH
• fenoly MeSH
• flavonoidy MeSH
• kyselina askorbová MeSH