The fate of tumours induced by PR-RSV-C was investigated in highly inbred chicken lines congenic at the B complex, the major histocompatibility complex of the chicken. The results demonstrated that Rous sarcoma regression in congenic CB and CC lines was controlled by a gene within the B region of the chromosome. Another congenic pair of the WA and WB lines also differed in the ability to regress RSV-induced tumours and a gene within the B complex also appeared to have a significant role in the regression of Rous sarcomas.

• MeSH
• histokompatibilní antigeny analýza   genetika   MeSH
• kur domácí genetika   MeSH
• ptačí sarkom genetika   imunologie   patofyziologie   MeSH
• spontánní regrese nádoru * MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• histokompatibilní antigeny MeSH

Field crops represent one of the highest contributions to dietary metal exposure. The aim of this study was to develop specific regression models for the uptake of metals into various field crops and to compare the usability of other available models. We analysed samples of potato, hop, maize, barley, wheat, rape seed, and grass from 66 agricultural sites. The influence of measured soil concentrations and soil factors (pH, organic carbon, content of silt and clay) on the plant concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb and Zn was evaluated. Bioconcentration factors (BCF) and plant-specific metal models (PSMM) developed from multivariate regressions were calculated. The explained variability of the models was from 19 to 64% and correlations between measured and predicted concentrations were between 0.43 and 0.90. The developed hop and rapeseed models are new in this field. Available models from literature showed inaccurate results, except for Cd; the modelling efficiency was mostly around zero. The use of interaction terms between parameters can significantly improve plant-specific models.

• Klíčová slova
• Field crops, Heavy metals, Linear regression, Plant uptake, Prediction models,
• MeSH
• Brassica rapa chemie   MeSH
• kontaminace potravin MeSH
• kukuřice setá chemie   MeSH
• látky znečišťující půdu analýza   MeSH
• monitorování životního prostředí metody   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• multivariační analýza MeSH
• pšenice chemie   MeSH
• půda chemie   MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• teoretické modely * MeSH
• těžké kovy analýza   MeSH
• zemědělské plodiny chemie   MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Názvy látek
• látky znečišťující půdu MeSH
• půda MeSH
• těžké kovy MeSH

Survival analysis is commonly conducted in medical and public health research to assess the association of an exposure or intervention with a hard end outcome such as mortality. The Cox (proportional hazards) regression model is probably the most popular statistical tool used in this context. However, when the exposure includes compositional covariables (that is, variables representing a relative makeup such as a nutritional or physical activity behaviour composition), some basic assumptions of the Cox regression model and associated significance tests are violated. Compositional variables involve an intrinsic interplay between one another which precludes results and conclusions based on considering them in isolation as is ordinarily done. In this work, we introduce a formulation of the Cox regression model in terms of log-ratio coordinates which suitably deals with the constraints of compositional covariates, facilitates the use of common statistical inference methods, and allows for scientifically meaningful interpretations. We illustrate its practical application to a public health problem: the estimation of the mortality hazard associated with the composition of daily activity behaviour (physical activity, sitting time and sleep) using data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

• Klíčová slova
• Cox regression, NHANES, Survival analysis, accelerometry, compositional data, physical activity, sedentary behaviour, time use,
• MeSH
• cvičení * MeSH
• proporcionální rizikové modely MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• výživa - přehledy MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The aims of this study were to create a regression model of the relationship between load and muscle power output and to determine an optimal load for maximum power output during a countermovement squat and a bench press. 55 males and 48 females performed power testing at 0, 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 100% of their individual one-repetition maximum (1-RM) in the countermovement squat and bench press exercises. Values for the maximum dynamic strength and load for each lift were used to develop a regression model in which the ratio of power was predicted from the ratio of the load for each type of lift. By optimizing the regression model, we predicted the optimal load for maximum muscle power. For the bench press and the countermovement squat, the mean optimal loads for maximum muscle output ranged from 50 to 70% of maximum dynamic strength. Optimal load in the acceleration phase of the upward movement of the two exercises appeared to be more important than over the full range of the movement. This model allows for specific determination of the optimal load for a pre-determined power output.

• MeSH
• biologické modely * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fyzická vytrvalost fyziologie   MeSH
• kosterní svaly fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• počítačová simulace MeSH
• přenos energie fyziologie   MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• statistické modely MeSH
• svalová kontrakce fyziologie   MeSH
• zatížení muskuloskeletálního systému fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Haematological parameters, plasma iron concentration, and bodyweight were monitored in Melanoma-bearing Libechov Minipigs (MeLiM) from 5 to 18 weeks old. Animals with melanoma progression (P group) and spontaneous regression (SR group) were compared. The P group showed the lowest median values of red blood cell counts (RBC), haematocrit (HCT), haemoglobin concentration (HGB), and bodyweight, whereas the control white (tumour-free) pigs (C group) revealed the highest mean values of these parameters. The mean values of pigs with SR fell between the P and C groups. In addition, a stable concentration of plasma iron was found in the C group, while iron deficiency that increases with age was observed in the MeLiM groups. These results indicate that MeLiM are affected by cancer-related microcytic hypochromic anaemia. The lowest values of HGB, RBC, and HCT, together with the highest number of platelets (PLT) in the P group correspond to melanoma progression. Higher values of these parameters and lower PLT in the MeLiM pigs with SR reflected health improvement due to the destruction of melanoma cells during spontaneous regression. Monitoring of these haematological parameters can help distinguish MeLiM piglets with progression and spontaneous regression of melanoma in the early stages of postnatal development. The findings of this study correspond to findings in human patients in which cancer-related anaemia, thrombocytosis, and iron deficiency are often diagnosed.

• Klíčová slova
• Cancer progression and spontaneous regression, Haematological parameters, Pig melanoma, Plasma iron,
• MeSH
• hematologické testy veterinární   MeSH
• melanom krev   patofyziologie   veterinární   MeSH
• miniaturní prasata MeSH
• nádory kůže krev   patofyziologie   veterinární   MeSH
• nemoci prasat krev   patofyziologie   MeSH
• prasata MeSH
• progrese nemoci MeSH
• spontánní regrese nádoru MeSH
• tělesná hmotnost MeSH
• železo aplikace a dávkování   krev   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Názvy látek
• železo MeSH

This research proposes an assessment and decision support model to use when a driver should be examined about their propensity for traffic accidents, based on an estimation of the driver's psychological traits. The proposed model was tested on a sample of 305 drivers. Each participant completed four psychological tests: the Barratt Impulsiveness Scale (BIS-11), the Aggressive Driving Behaviour Questionnaire (ADBQ), the Manchester Driver Attitude Questionnaire (DAQ) and the Questionnaire for Self-assessment of Driving Ability. In addition, participants completed an extensive demographic and driving survey. Various fuzzy inference systems were tested and each was defined using the well-known Wang-Mendel method for rule-base definition based on empirical data. For this purpose, a programming code was designed and utilized. Based on the obtained results, it was determined which combination of the considered psychological tests provides the best prediction of a driver's propensity for traffic accidents. The best of the considered fuzzy inference systems might be used as a decision support tool in various situations, such as in recruitment procedures for professional drivers. The validity of the proposed fuzzy approach was confirmed as its implementation provided better results than from statistics, in this case multiple regression analysis.

• Klíčová slova
• Traffic accidents, driving behaviour, fuzzy rules based on data, fuzzy systems, multiple regression, road safety,
• MeSH
• agrese MeSH
• bezpečnost MeSH
• dopravní nehody * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• fuzzy logika MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychologické modely * MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• řízení motorových vozidel psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

Using a porcine model, we describe Melanoma-Associated CD4+CD8hi T-lymphocytes (MATL) in peripheral blood that increase during melanoma regression. These MATL possess the CD4+CD8hi phenotype and they have their direct counterparts in Tumor Infiltrating Lymphocytes (TIL) isolated from melanoma loci. Both MATL and CD4+CD8hi TIL have a similar expression of selected markers indicating that they represent effector/memory αβ T-cell subset. Moreover, although TIL also contain CD4-CD8+ T-cells, only CD4+CD8hi TIL expand during melanoma regression. Importantly, TIL isolated from different pigs and different melanoma loci among the same pig have similar composition of CD4/CD8 subsets, indicating that the composition of the MATL and TIL compartment is identical. Analysis of sorted cells from regressing pigs revealed a unique MATL subpopulation with mono-specific T-cell receptor that was further analyzed by sequencing. These results indicate that pigs regressing melanomas possess a characteristic population of recirculating T-cells playing a role in tumor control and regression.

• Klíčová slova
• Cell surface molecules, Lymphocyte subpopulations, Melanoma, Porcine immune system, Tumor regression, αβ T-cells,
• MeSH
• antigeny CD4 metabolismus   MeSH
• antigeny CD8 metabolismus   MeSH
• cytotoxicita imunologická MeSH
• experimentální nádory imunologie   MeSH
• imunofenotypizace MeSH
• kultivované buňky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom imunologie   MeSH
• modely nemocí na zvířatech MeSH
• prasata imunologie   MeSH
• receptory antigenů T-buněk alfa-beta metabolismus   MeSH
• spontánní regrese nádoru MeSH
• T-lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• tumor infiltrující lymfocyty imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• antigeny CD4 MeSH
• antigeny CD8 MeSH
• receptory antigenů T-buněk alfa-beta MeSH

Malignant melanoma (MM) is the most aggressive and uneasily treatable form of skin cancer. Up to 90% of deaths because of skin tumours are estimated to be caused by this malignancy. Spontaneous regression is described as a partial or complete disappearance of cancer. It can be defined if the clinical and histological diagnosis of malignancy is verified and any therapeutic intervention potentially inducing mechanisms leading to regression has not been applied. Regression occurs more frequently in melanoma than in other types of tumours; it is reported to be six times higher than in other malignancies. Up to 50% of primary MM is reported to undergo spontaneous regression. However, spontaneous regression of the metastatic form of tumour is a rare phenomenon observed in only 0.23% of cases. The most frequently mentioned factors leading to spontaneous regression of MM are operative trauma, infection, vaccination (BCG and rabies vaccines) and immunological factors. Other well-documented circumstances associated with regression of metastatic MM include blood transfusion and various endocrine factors.

• MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom imunologie   MeSH
• melanomové antigeny imunologie   MeSH
• nádory kůže imunologie   MeSH
• spontánní regrese nádoru imunologie   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• přehledy MeSH
• Názvy látek
• melanomové antigeny MeSH

Rhesus factor polymorphism has been an evolutionary enigma since its discovery in 1939. Carriers of the rarer allele should be eliminated by selection against Rhesus positive children born to Rhesus negative mothers. Here I used an ecologic regression study to test the hypothesis that Rhesus factor polymorphism is stabilized by heterozygote advantage. The study was performed in 65 countries for which the frequencies of RhD phenotypes and specific disease burden data were available. I performed multiple multivariate covariance analysis with five potential confounding variables: GDP, latitude (distance from the equator), humidity, medical care expenditure per capita and frequencies of smokers. The results showed that the burden associated with many diseases correlated with the frequencies of particular Rhesus genotypes in a country and that the direction of the relation was nearly always the opposite for the frequency of Rhesus negative homozygotes and that of Rhesus positive heterozygotes. On the population level, a Rhesus-negativity-associated burden could be compensated for by the heterozygote advantage, but for Rhesus negative subjects this burden represents a serious problem.

• MeSH
• dítě MeSH
• frekvence genu MeSH
• genetická predispozice k nemoci MeSH
• genotyp MeSH
• heterozygot MeSH
• homozygot MeSH
• krevní skupiny - systém Rh-Hr genetika   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• míra přežití MeSH
• polymorfismus genetický * MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• Check Tag
• dítě MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Názvy látek
• krevní skupiny - systém Rh-Hr MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• REGRESSION *,
• MeSH
• emoce * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• regrese (psychologie) * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH