Amifostine protects normal cells from DNA damage induction by ionizing radiation or chemotherapeutics, whereas cancer cells typically remain uninfluenced. While confirming this phenomenon, we have revealed by comet assay and currently the most sensitive method of DNA double strand break (DSB) quantification (based on γH2AX/53BP1 high-resolution immunofluorescence microscopy) that amifostine treatment supports DSB repair in γ-irradiated normal NHDF fibroblasts but alters it in MCF7 carcinoma cells. These effects follow from the significantly lower activity of alkaline phosphatase measured in MCF7 cells and their supernatants as compared with NHDF fibroblasts. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry confirmed that the amifostine conversion to WR-1065 was significantly more intensive in normal NHDF cells than in tumor MCF cells. In conclusion, due to common differences between normal and cancer cells in their abilities to convert amifostine to its active metabolite WR-1065, amifostine may not only protect in multiple ways normal cells from radiation-induced DNA damage but also make cancer cells suffer from DSB repair alteration.

Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology Institute of Biophysics v v i Czech Academy of Sciences Královopolská 135 CZ 612 65 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Medical Technology St Elisabeth University of Health and Social Sciences Palackého 1 SK 810 00 Bratislava Slovak Republic

Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses Masaryk University Kamenice 126 3 CZ 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Experimental Botany v v i Czech Academy of Sciences Na Karlovce 1 CZ 160 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic

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