Drinking alkaline water after intense anaerobic exercise may enhance both cognitive and physical performance. This study aimed to investigate the effect of high mineral alkaline water consumed over three consecutive days on reaction time after anaerobic exercise in twelve healthy young males (aged 21.1 ± 1.3 years) with a valid sports medical examination. Participants were excluded when they took any medications or performance-enhancing supplements for the period of at least four weeks before the study commenced. Participants were randomly divided into two groups in this double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover pilot study. They ingested either alkaline water (AW) or regular table water ( RTW) for three consecutive days before anaerobic exercise. The anaerobic exercise consisted of two 2-min high-intensity step-tests with a passive rest interval of 3 minutes between the two bouts of exercise. Performance in the step-test (W), reaction time for visual and auditory signals, the rate of perceived exertion (RPE), urine specific gravity, and lactate concentration were analysed. No effect of AW was found on reaction time and the other variables except anaerobic performance. An-aerobic performance was significantly higher after ingestion of AW in both step-tests (p < 0.05). The ingestion of AW for three consecutive days before anaerobic exercise seems to positively affect anaerobic performance.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVES: To investigate associations between demographic and lifestyle factors and memory performance in European people aged ≥60 years. METHODS: Data from 23,641 people with a mean age of 70.2 (95 % CI 70.1-70.3) were analyzed and drawn from the fourth wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Generalized linear models were carried out to estimate the associations for both men and women. Memory performance was tested using two word-list learning tests with immediate and delayed recall in SHARE. RESULTS: age, severe limitations in physical activities, and any past alcohol problem were all negatively associated with memory performance. Contrarily, education level, higher nonalcoholic fluid intake, and engagement in sports activities more than once a week and in activities requiring a moderate level of energy were all positively associated with memory performance. Smoking showed a significant negative association only in the immediate recall test for both men and women together, whilst long-term illness showed association only in the delayed recall. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with memory performance in women, but in men, it depended on the drinking frequency. CONCLUSIONS: Demographic and lifestyle factors are associated with memory performance in the older population.
- MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- pití alkoholu epidemiologie patofyziologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rozpomínání fyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- životní styl * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
The nutrition of soccer players is an important topic and its knowledge may help to increase the quality of this popular game and prevent possible health problems and injuries in players. This meta-analysis aims to estimate the current dietary trends of three basic macronutrients in junior and senior soccer players during the first two decades of the 21st century. We analyzed data from 647 junior players (mean age 10.0-19.3) from 27 groups, and 277 senior (mean age 20.7-27.1) players from 8 groups from altogether 21 papers in this meta-analysis. Weighted averages were calculated for each macronutrients. Protein intake is higher than recommended in both juniors, 1.9 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.8-2.0 g/kg/day, and seniors 1.8 95% CI 1.6-2.0 g/kg/day. However, carbohydrate intake is still below the recommended values in both groups (5.7 95% CI 5.5-5.9 g/kg/day in junior and 4.7 95% CI 4.3-5.0 g/kg/day in senior players). The proportion of fat as total energy intake is in concordance with the recommendations (31.5 95% CI 32.0-35.9% in junior and 33.1 95% CI 29.9-36.2% in senior players). In particular, due to possible health complications, the small carbohydrate intake should be alarming for coaches, nutritional experts, and parents.
- MeSH
- dieta * MeSH
- dietní proteiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dietní sacharidy aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dietní tuky aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- energetický příjem MeSH
- fotbal * MeSH
- fyziologie sportovní výživy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- nutriční nároky * MeSH
- sportovci MeSH
- stravovací zvyklosti * MeSH
- výživová politika MeSH
- živiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
Počet lidí žijících s demencí se v důsledku stárnutí populace velmi rychle zvyšuje. V České republice žije v současné době cca 160 tisíc lidí s demencí, zhruba tři čtvrtiny z tohoto počtu v domácím prostředí. Počet pacientů s demencí, kteří žijí v ústavních zařízeních sociálních služeb, se také významně zvyšuje. Přes tuto skutečnost a navzdory rostoucímu množství literatury o demenci publikované v posledních několika letech je dosud relativně málo známo o zdravotním stavu a stavu poskytování péče lidem s demencí v těchto zařízeních. V Evropě existuje málo studií, které poskytují kvalitní data pro plánování péče v institucionální dlouhodobé péči. Informace o prevalenci demence v rakouských i českých sociálních zařízeních jsou sporadické. Ve studii DEMDATA byly shromážděny údaje o zdravotním stavu a péči o lidi žijící s demencí v institucích typu domov důchodců a domov pro seniory v České republice (a obdobné šetření probíhalo v Rakousku). Jedním ze zkoumaných aspektů byla také farmakoterapie, V současné době analyzujeme a zpracováváme informace ze studie DEMDATA. V tomto článku se zaměřujeme na antipsychotika.
The number of patients with dementia is rising quickly, due to the ageing population. There is currently cca 160 thousand people with dementia, three quarters of them living at their homes. The numbers of patients living in residential care social services facilities is also rising significantly. In spite of this and even though the volume of literature about dementia published in the recent years is increasing, there is still relatively little awareness of the health conditions and care conditions in patients at such facilities. There are few studies in Europe which provide quality data for planning care at long-term care facilities. Information about prevalence of dementia in Austrian and Czech is sporadic. The DEMDATA study gathers data on the health conditions and healthcare conditions in dementia patients living in retirement homes and nursing homes in the Czech Republic (and analogous studies were done in Austria). One of the aspects studied was pharmacotherapy. We are currently analysing and processing information from the DEMDATA study. In this article we focus on antipsychotics.
- Klíčová slova
- domov se zvláštním režimem, studie DEMDATA,
- MeSH
- antipsychotika škodlivé účinky MeSH
- behaviorální symptomy farmakoterapie MeSH
- demence farmakoterapie MeSH
- dlouhodobá péče MeSH
- domovy pro seniory MeSH
- kognitivní poruchy farmakoterapie MeSH
- lékařské předpisy statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- multicentrické studie jako téma MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Muscle weakness and associated diseases are likely to place a considerable economic burden on government health care expenditure. Therefore, our aim for this study was to estimate the direct and indirect costs associated with muscle weakness in the Czech Republic. We applied a cost-of-illness approach using data from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Six hundred and eighty-nine participants aged 70 years and over and without any long-term illnesses were included in our study. A generalized linear model with gamma distribution was used, and odds ratio (OR) was calculated in order to explore the effect of muscle weakness on direct and indirect costs. For both genders, muscle weakness had a statistically significant impact on direct costs (OR =2.11), but did not have a statistically significant impact on indirect costs (OR =1.08) or on total cost (OR =1.51). Muscle weakness had the greatest statistically significant impact on direct costs in females (OR =2.75). In conclusion, our study has shown that muscle weakness may lead to increased direct costs, and consequently place a burden on health care expenditure. Therefore, the results of this study could lead to greater interest in the prevention of muscle weakness among older people in the Czech Republic.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- odds ratio MeSH
- osobní újma zaviněná nemocí MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- svalová slabost ekonomika epidemiologie MeSH
- výdaje na zdravotnictví statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- zdravotnické přehledy MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika epidemiologie MeSH
- Evropa MeSH
Identifying children at risk of developing childhood sarcopenic obesity often requires specialized equipment and costly testing procedures, so cheaper and quicker methods would be advantageous, especially in field-based settings. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships between the muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) and relative handgrip strength, and to determine the ability of handgrip strength relative to body mass index (grip-to-BMI) to identify children who are at risk of developing sarcopenic obesity. Grip-to-BMI was measured in 730 Czech children (4 to 14 yrs). Bioelectrical impedance was used to estimate body fat mass and skeletal muscle mass, from which the MFR was calculated. The area under the curve (AUC) was 0.791 (95% CI 0.692-0.890, p ˂ 0.001) in girls 4-9; 0.789 (95% CI 0.688-0.890, p ˂ 0.001) in girls 10-14 years old; 0.719 (95% CI 0.607-0.831, p = 0.001) in boys 4-9; and 0.896 (95% CI 0.823-0.969, p ˂ 0.001) in boys 10-14 years old. Calculated using the grip-to-BMI ratio, the OR (95% CI) for girls to be at risk of sarcopenic obesity identified by MFR was 9.918 (4.243-23.186, p ˂ 0.001) and was 11.515 (4.280-30.982, p ˂ 0.001) for boys. The grip-to-BMI ratio can be used to predict the presence of sarcopenic obesity in children, which can play a role in pediatric health interventions.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- elektrická impedance MeSH
- hodnocení rizik MeSH
- index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
- kosterní svaly MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- obezita diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- plocha pod křivkou MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ROC křivka MeSH
- sarkopenie diagnóza patofyziologie MeSH
- sexuální faktory MeSH
- síla ruky * MeSH
- složení těla MeSH
- tuková tkáň MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladiství MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- předškolní dítě MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Physical activity (PA) has been identified as beneficial for many diseases and health disorders, including sarcopenia. The positive influence of PA interventions on sarcopenia has been described previously on many occasions. Current reviews on the topic include studies with varied PA interventions for sarcopenia; nevertheless, no systematic review exploring the effects of PA in general on sarcopenia has been published. The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between PA and sarcopenia in older people on the basis of cross-sectional and cohort studies. We searched PubMed, Scopus, EBSCOhost, and ScienceDirect for articles addressing the relationship between PA and sarcopenia. Twenty-five articles were ultimately included in the qualitative and quantitative syntheses. A statistically significant association between PA and sarcopenia was documented in most of the studies, as well as the protective role of PA against sarcopenia development. Furthermore, the meta-analysis indicated that PA reduces the odds of acquiring sarcopenia in later life (odds ratio [OR] =0.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.37-0.55). The results of this systematic review and meta-analysis confirm the beneficial influence of PA in general for the prevention of sarcopenia.
- MeSH
- cvičení fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sarkopenie patofyziologie MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
OBJECTIVE: To use the item response theory (IRT) methods to examine the degree to which the four selected tools reflect sarcopenia and to arrange them according to their ability to estimate sarcopenia severity. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study aimed at verifying the possibilities of using diagnostic tools for sarcopenia. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS: The study included residents living in an assisted living unit at the Senior Centre in Blansko (South Moravia, Czech Republic) (n=77). Sarcopenia was estimated according to the proposals of the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People (EWGSOP) using calf circumference, the EWGSOP algorithm, hand grip strength, and the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). RESULTS: The results from the IRT model showed that these four methods indicate strong unidimensionality so that they measure the same latent variable. The methods ranked according to the discrimination level ranging from high to low discrimination where the calf circumference was the most discriminatory (Hi = 0.86) and the SPPB together with hand grip strength were the least discriminatory (both Hi = 0.44). CONCLUSION: We are recommending to identify mild sarcopenia by SPPB or hand grip strength, moderate sarcopenia by the EWGSOP algorithm and severe sarcopenia by the calf circumference.
- MeSH
- algoritmy MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- sarkopenie diagnóza MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- síla ruky MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: Sarcopenia, a loss of muscle strength and mass, has serious implications for older adults. Some risk factors for sarcopenia are well established. The role of other factors such as alcohol consumption is less certain. The main aim of this study was to explore the relationship between sarcopenia and alcohol consumption in people over 65 years old. METHODS: Four electronic databases were searched to identify potentially relevant papers. Demographics and information on sarcopenia and alcohol consumption were extracted from relevant papers. The relationship between sarcopenia and alcohol consumption was described using odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS: Of 214 papers identified as potentially relevant, 13 were ultimately included in the meta-analyses. The papers provided data from 13,155 participants. The OR (95 % CI) for sarcopenia among alcohol drinkers was 0.67 (0.54-0.83) for males, 0.89 (0.73-1.08) for females, and 0.77 (0.67-0.88) for the overall population. CONCLUSIONS: The results of this meta-analysis do not support alcohol consumption as a risk factor for sarcopenia.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- longitudinální studie MeSH
- pití alkoholu škodlivé účinky epidemiologie MeSH
- průřezové studie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- sarkopenie diagnóza epidemiologie MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- svalová síla fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři nad 80 let MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- metaanalýza MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Hand grip strength is one of the most important markers in muscle strength assessment for many reasons. However, its maximal value in kilograms is highly dependent on body size, which may misrepresent results, especially among children. Therefore, correction by body mass index (BMI) can be used as a suitable approach for its objectification. The aims of this study were to create reference values for the grip to BMI ratio and for hand grip strength for children in the Czech Republic. 554 children of both genders, aged from 4 to 14 years, were included in the current study. Reference values were approximated by Tukey’s Hinges percentiles calculation method. The percentile charts were created using the Lambda-Mu-Sigma (LMS) method.
