Úmrtí císaře Montezumy zřejmě na následky kraniocerebrálního poranění nepochybně předznamenalo konec aztécké říše. Ovšem vlastní pád aztécké říše zásadnějším způsobem ovlivnilo jiné kraniocerebrální poranění a především jeho úspěšná léčba - otevřená, zřejmě kontaminovaná impresivní fraktura kalvy španělského konquistadora Hernanda Cortése, o které překvapivě existují pouze omezené literární prameny. Po úspěšné operační léčbě se Hernando Cortés znovu ujal velení armády, se kterou dobyl aztécké hlavní město, a ukončil tak existenci aztécké říše. Jeho další výboje pak dostaly do španělského područí nejen velkou část Střední Ameriky s jejím bohatstvím, což ovlivnilo španělskou i světovou historii.
The death of Emperor Montezuma, apparently from craniocerebral injury, undoubtedly marked the end of the Aztec Empire. However, another craniocerebral injury affected the Aztec empire's downfall in a more fundamental way, and, above all, its successful treatment - the open, apparently contaminated, impresive calvarial fracture of Spanish conquistador Hernando Cortés, of which, surprisingly, there are only limited literary sources. After successful surgical treatment, Hernando Cortés resumed command of the army with which he captured the Aztec capital, ending the existence of the Aztec Empire. His other conquests then brought not only much of Central America with its riches into Spanish thrall, affecting not only Spanish but also world history.
- Klíčová slova
- Montezuma, hernando Cortés,
- MeSH
- dějiny 16. století MeSH
- kraniocerebrální traumata * chirurgie dějiny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neurochirurgické výkony dějiny metody MeSH
- trepanace dějiny MeSH
- vpáčené fraktury lebky chirurgie dějiny MeSH
- Check Tag
- dějiny 16. století MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- historické články MeSH
- MeSH
- botulotoxiny aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- svalová spasticita * farmakoterapie terapie MeSH
- vzdělávání odborné * metody organizace a řízení MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- rozhovory MeSH
PURPOSE: Despite the best efforts of neurologists, the results of pharmacotherapy in the late stages of Parkinson's disease are often disappointing and accompanied by debilitating side effects. Under these circumstances, deep brain stimulation is a viable treatment option. The aim of the meticulous pre-surgical planning is not only precise electrode implantation, but also the avoidance of intraoperative vascular conflicts potentially causing intracerebral bleeding. MATERIAL AND METHODS: In this report, we present a patient with early-onset Parkinson's disease whose cerebral vascular anatomy precluded standard bilateral subthalamic nucleus electrode implantation. Initially, right subthalamic stimulation alone provided a very mild clinical benefit that was not reflected in the patient's quality of life. In this patient, an unusual configuration of intracerebral electrodes with right subthalamic and left pallidal stimulation electrodes was applied 15 months after the initial subthalamic electrode implantation. RESULTS: The procedure has had a highly beneficial long-term effect without any significant complications. The greatest improvement was noted using the setting 1.8 V, 130 Hz, 90 μs at the right side (STN) and 3.7 V, 130 Hz, 120 μs at the left side (GPi). This allowed the patient to return to his daily life activities. CONCLUSIONS: The reported case provides a new perspective of treatment possibilities in complex functional neurosurgical cases requiring exceptional individualisation of the treatment approach.
- MeSH
- elektrody MeSH
- hluboká mozková stimulace * metody MeSH
- kvalita života MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * terapie komplikace MeSH
- výsledek terapie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- kazuistiky MeSH
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an established method in the treatment of not only Parkinson's disease motor complications but also dystonia and tremor, and there are data supporting the efficacy of DBS in epilepsy and some psychiatric problems. The alleviation of the neurologic problems may enable females of childbearing age to consider pregnancy because of being able to take care of their child. The aim of the study is to provide a review of the data available on the effect of DBS on the course of pregnancy and delivery in patients suffering from diseases amenable for DBS treatment (Parkinson's disease, dystonia, obsessive compulsive disorder, Tourette's syndrome, epilepsy). Although data available in the literature on pregnancy and childbirth in patients with an implanted active DBS system are limited to small case series and case reports, the number of younger patients implanted with DBS systems will potentially require more attention beyond specialized DBS centers. In emergency deliveries, general obstetricians and neurosurgeons should be provided with a protocol to prevent injuries to the implanted system with potentially devastating consequences for the patient.
- MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dystonie * terapie MeSH
- epilepsie * terapie MeSH
- hluboká mozková stimulace * metody MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * terapie MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- těhotenství MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Po více než 50 let od zahájení klinického použití levodopy nebyl k dispozici minimálně invazivní způsob podání, který by umožnil udržení stabilní hladiny v těle pacienta. To se nyní změnilo díky fosforylované levodopě, tzv. foslevodopě, kterou lze kvůli zvýšené rozpustnosti ve vodě podávat podkožně pomocí připojené pumpy. Díky subkutánnímu podání se očekává značné rozšíření tohoto léčebného postupu do klinické praxe. Autoři v článku shrnují aspekty vývoje uvedeného léku a shrnují dostupné praktické klinické informace.
More than 50 years since the first clinical use of levodopa there has been no mini-invasive way of administration which would maintain a stable level of levodopa in patients ́s body. This has now changed with phosphorylated levodopa, co called phospholevodopa which is soluble in water and therefore can be injected subcutaneously using a pumps. Owing to the subcutaneous application this therapeutic method is expected to spread into clinical practice. The authors summarise the aspects of the development and clinical information of the drug.
BACKGROUND: Bilateral deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the globus pallidus internus (GPi) is an effective treatment for refractory dystonia. Neuroradiological target and stimulation electrode trajectory planning with intraoperative microelectrode recordings (MER) and stimulation are used. With improving neuroradiological techniques, the need for MER is in dispute mainly because of the suspected risk of hemorrhage and the impact on clinical post DBS outcome. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the study is to compare the preplanned GPi electrode trajectories with final trajectories selected for electrode implantation after electrophysiological monitoring and to discuss the factors potentially responsible for differences between preplanned and final trajectories. Finally, the potential association between the final trajectory selected for electrode implantation and clinical outcome will be analyzed. METHODS: Forty patients underwent bilateral GPi DBS (right-sided implants first) for refractory dystonia. The relationship between preplanned and final trajectories (MicroDrive system) was correlated with patient (gender, age, dystonia type and duration) and surgery characteristics (anesthesia type, postoperative pneumocephalus) and clinical outcome measured using CGI (Clinical Global Impression parameter). The correlation between the preplanned and final trajectories together with CGI was compared between patients 1-20 and 21-40 for the learning curve effect. RESULTS: The trajectory selected for definitive electrode implantation matched the preplanned trajectory in 72.5% and 70% on the right and left side respectively; 55% had bilateral definitive electrodes implanted along the preplanned trajectories. Statistical analysis did not confirm any of the studied factors as predictor of the difference between the preplanned and final trajectories. Also no association between CGI and final trajectory selected for electrode implantation in the right/left hemisphere has been proven. The percentages of final electrodes implanted along the preplanned trajectory (the correlation between anatomical planning and intraoperative electrophysiology results) did not differ between patients 1-20 and 21-40. Similarly, there were no statistically significant differences in CGI (clinical outcome) between patients 1-20 and 21-40. CONCLUSION: The final trajectory selected after electrophysiological study differed from the preplanned trajectory in a significant percentage of patients. No predictor of this difference was identified. The anatomo-electrophysiological difference was not predictive of the clinical outcome (as measured using CGI parameter).
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Nefarmakologické terapeutické metody v neuropsychiatrii představují biologické postupy (invazivní a neinvazivní stimulace struktur centrálního nervového systému), psychoterapie a psychoedukace. Spektrum jimi léčených nemocí je poměrně široké a lze očekávat, že s rozvojem poznání v oblasti neurověd a s lepší dostupností těchto metod jejich použití pravděpodobně poroste.
Non-pharmacological methods in neuropsychiatry include biological approaches (invasive and noninvasive stimulation of central nerve system structures), psychotherapy and psychoeducation. Range of diseases treated by non-pharmacological methods is wide and with improvements of accessibility the use of these methods will probably grow.
Nefarmakologické terapeutické metody v neuropsychiatrii představují biologické postupy (invazivní a neinvazivní stimulace struktur centrálního nervového systému), psychoterapie a psychoedukace. Spektrum jimi léčených nemocí je poměrně široké a lze očekávat, že s rozvojem poznání v oblasti neurověd a s lepší dostupností těchto metod jejich použití pravděpodobně poroste.
Non-pharmacological methods in neuropsychiatry include biological approaches (invasive and noninvasive stimulation of central nerve system structures), psychotherapy and psychoeducation. Range of diseases treated by non-pharmacological methods is wide and with improvements of accessibility the use of these methods will probably grow.
- MeSH
- antiparkinsonika aplikace a dávkování farmakologie klasifikace MeSH
- diferenciální diagnóza MeSH
- levodopa aplikace a dávkování farmakologie klasifikace MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- Parkinsonova nemoc * dějiny diagnóza epidemiologie etiologie farmakoterapie terapie MeSH
- rizikové faktory MeSH
- věkové faktory MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
