BACKGROUND: Hope plays a pivotal role in enhancing the quality of life and coping strategies of individuals living with advanced diseases. The nature of the relationship between hope and prognostic awareness is unclear. AIM: To explore the experiences and meanings of hope and their association with prognostic awareness among people with advanced incurable diseases. DESIGN: Qualitative phenomenological study using reflexive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews. SETTING/PARTICIPANTS: Interviews with 24 participants aged 30-99 years with advanced incurable disease were conducted in hospices and hospitals in the Czech Republic. RESULTS: We generated four distinct approaches to hope and prognostic awareness: Technical, Spiritual, Minimalist and Pragmatic. Each approach exhibited unique cognitive, emotional and behavioural dimensions of hope and prognostic awareness. The Technical and Minimalist approaches showed fluctuating hope influenced by medical updates, while the Spiritual and Pragmatic approaches demonstrated stable hope resilient to prognostic information. CONCLUSIONS: Recognizing these diverse hope approaches can guide tailored interventions in palliative care. Healthcare providers should adapt their communication strategies based on people's predominant hope orientations to support effective coping and enhance end-of-life care outcomes. This study sheds light on how different individuals navigate hope amidst terminal illnesses, providing insights into the nuanced psychological and emotional dynamics that influence their coping mechanisms.

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická * MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• kvalita života psychologie   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• naděje * MeSH
• paliativní péče * psychologie   MeSH
• péče o umírající * psychologie   MeSH
• prognóza MeSH
• rozhovory jako téma MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• umírající * psychologie   MeSH
• uvědomování si * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři nad 80 let MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

ABSTRACTBackground: European health care workers recently experienced serious challenges to their mental health. Following the extremely stressful experience of the COVID-19 pandemic, the war in Ukraine caused a humanitarian influx of refugees in need of social and healthcare. We aimed to explore: (1) how working with refugees has affected the mental well-being of health care workers in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) the nature of health care workers' emotional strain related to the refugee situation and the war in Ukraine.Methods: We used a combination of quantitative regression analyses and qualitative content analysis to assess data collected by an online questionnaire in 2022. The study included 1121 health care workers from the Czech arm of the international HEROES Study.Results: Quantitative findings did not indicate that working with Ukrainian refugees was reliably associated with a greater occurrence of symptoms of depression, anxiety, distress, or burnout. Qualitative analysis revealed five categories of emotional strain: impacts on working conditions, emotional reactions to refugees and the war, comparisons with the COVID-19 pandemic, and coping strategies.Conclusions: This study highlights the resilience of health care workers but also points to the need for ongoing support to address the complex emotional challenges they face during health crises.

• MeSH
• adaptace psychologická MeSH
• COVID-19 * psychologie   MeSH
• deprese psychologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• pandemie MeSH
• profesionální vyhoření psychologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychický stres psychologie   MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• uprchlíci * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• úzkost psychologie   MeSH
• zdravotnický personál * psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH
• Ukrajina MeSH

Health care workers have been exposed to COVID-19 more than people in other professions, which may have led to stigmatization, discrimination, and violence toward them, possibly impacting their mental health. We investigated (1) factors associated with stigma, discrimination, and violence, (2) the association of stigma, discrimination, and violence with mental health, (3) everyday experiences of stigmatization, discrimination, and violence. We chose a combination of a quantitative approach and qualitative content analysis to analyze data collected at three time points: in 2020, 2021 and 2022. A higher age was associated with lower odds of experiencing stigma, discrimination, and violence, whereas female gender was related to more negative experiences. The intensity of exposure to COVID-19 was associated with greater experience with stigmatization, discrimination, and violence across all three years (for example in 2022: odds ratio, 95% confidence interval: 1.74, 1.18-2.55 for mild exposure; 2.82, 1.95-4.09 for moderate exposure; and 5.74, 3.55-9.26 for severe exposure, when compared to no exposure). Stigma, discrimination, and violence were most strongly associated with psychological distress in 2020 (odds ratio = 2.97, 95% confidence interval 2.27-3.88) and with depressive symptoms in 2021 (odds ratio = 2.78, 95% confidence interval 2.12-3.64). Attention should be given to the destigmatization of contagious diseases and the prevention of discrimination, violence, and mental health problems, both within workplaces and among the public.

• MeSH
• COVID-19 * psychologie   epidemiologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní zdraví * MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• násilí psychologie   MeSH
• pandemie * MeSH
• SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
• sociální diskriminace psychologie   MeSH
• společenské stigma * MeSH
• zdravotnický personál * psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The definitions of the roles of peer support workers (PSWs) are unclear, creating one of the main challenges to PSWs' successful involvement in mental health care. In this empirical qualitative study conducted in the Czech Republic, four common roles of PSWs (N=15) were identified: friend, professional, staff member, and expert-by-experience. Conflicts were observed between the roles of friend and professional and between staff member and expert-by-experience. These conflicts may have a detrimental effect on the PSWs' well-being. The authors therefore call on organizations to prioritize regular supervision, team education, clear definition of the PSW position within an organization, and the destigmatization of people with mental illness in mental health services.

• MeSH
• duševní poruchy * terapie   psychologie   MeSH
• kvalitativní výzkum MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• poradenství MeSH
• služby péče o duševní zdraví * MeSH
• vyrovnaná skupina MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

This study aimed to examine attitudes towards people with mental illness and psychiatry and interest in career choice in psychiatry among medical students from three medical schools in Czechia and Slovakia. A total of 495 medical students participated in a cross-sectional study. Participants completed (1) the Medical students' version of mental illness: clinicians' attitudes (MICA-2) scale, (2) the Reported and intended behaviour scale (RIBS), (3) the Attractiveness of working on a psychiatry-related position scale (P-ATTRACT), and (4) the Status of psychiatry scale (P-STATUS). Descriptive statistics, group comparisons and regression models were calculated. From 23 to 30% of students considered a specialization in psychiatry. However, only about 1% of them had a strong interest in psychiatry as a future career, moreover, students of higher years of study found psychiatry less attractive compared to those who are in the beginning of the study. The consideration of specialization in psychiatry was found to be statistically significantly associated with less stigmatizing attitudes and lower social distance towards people with mental illness. There were statistically significant differences in stigmatizing attitudes among medical schools, with a medical school emphasizing the education in psychiatry the most showing more positive attitudes. It is necessary to increase the interest in psychiatry and minimize stigma among medical students. Psychiatry curriculum in Central and Eastern European region should include more psychiatry-related courses, training in community and out-patient facilities, peer-lectors, and offer counselling after exposure to emotionally challenging clinical situations.

• MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychiatrie výchova   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• studenti lékařství psychologie   statistika a číselné údaje   MeSH
• volba povolání * MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• východní Evropa MeSH

Zapojování uživatelů péče do poskytování služeb, plánování péče a reforem je důležitou součástí rozhodování o péči o duševní zdraví a jejích změnách. Cílem této studie je zmapovat názory na současný systém péče o duševní zdraví v ČR a představy lidí s duševním onemocněním o jeho možných změnách. Studie je založena na principech smíšené metodologie a výzkumu vedeného uživateli (tzv. user-led research), který byl iniciovaný uživatelskou organizací v rámci reformy péče o duševní zdraví. Dotazníkového šetření se zúčastnilo 100 respondentů, uživatelů péče, kteří byli vybráni účelovým výběrem. Ačkoli se nejedná o reprezentativní výzkum, a výsledky tudíž nejsou zobecnitelné pro celou populaci uživatelů péče, studie přináší důležité poznatky týkající se možných změn v oblasti ambulantní psychiatrie, primární péče u praktických lékařů a prioritních oblastí reformy psychiatrické péče z pohledu uživatelů. Více než polovina respondentů vyjádřila spokojenost s psychiatrickou péčí, akutní péče by podle respondentů měla být poskytována i nadále v psychiatrických nemocnicích a odděleních všeobecných nemocnic. V oblasti ambulantní psychiatrické péče by se měla změnit zejména dostupnost a kapacita služeb, přístup psychiatra a spektrum nabízených služeb. Reforma by se podle respondentů měla zaměřit na kvalitu služeb, rozšíření komunitní péče, integraci lidí s duševní nemocí do společnosti a prevenci a osvětu.

Involving service users in the provision, planning, and reform of care is an important part of the decision-making process regarding mental health care and its changes. The goal of this study was to map service user opinions on the current mental health care system and ideas sur- rounding possible changes in the Czech Republic. The study was conducted through a mixed-methodological approach integrating user-led research principles. It was initiated by a Czech user organization as a part of their mental health care reform activities. 100 respondents and service users were involved, all chosen by purpose sampling. Although this is not a representative sample and its outcomes cannot be general- ized for the whole population of service users, the study brings important findings regarding possible changes within the field of out-patient psychiatry, primary care and priorities within mental health care reform as seen by users. More than one half of respondents were satisfied with psychiatric care. Acute care should be provided by psychiatric hospitals. Outpatient care changes are needed in the following areas: accessibility and quality of care, attitude of psychiatrists, and the spectrum of care offered to patients. Psychiatric care reform should focus on the quality of services, extension of community care, integration of persons with mental health problems, and prevention and education.

• MeSH
• duševně nemocní psychologie   MeSH
• komunitní participační výzkum metody   organizace a řízení   pracovní síly   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• odhad potřeb MeSH
• psychiatrie MeSH
• reforma zdravotní péče * klasifikace   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• výzkum zdravotnických služeb metody   pracovní síly   MeSH
• zdravotnické služby - potřeby a požadavky normy   organizace a řízení   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

BACKGROUND: Medical school curriculum contributes to future doctors' attitude formation towards people with mental illness. AIM: The purpose of this study was to compare stigmatizing attitudes between medical students and faculty, analyse stigmatizing attitudes among students from different years of study and identify factors predicting stigma. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with the use of scales measuring attitudes and social distance was designed. Online questionnaires were distributed to all students and teachers at a medical faculty in the Czech Republic. RESULTS: The response rate was 32.1% ( n = 308) among students and 26.7% ( n = 149) among teachers. Teachers had a greater prevalence of stigmatizing attitudes than students. Increased tolerant attitudes in students were detected after the fourth year, that is, following introduction to psychiatry. Preferred specialization in psychiatry and attending two psychiatry courses predicted more tolerant attitudes. Among both students and teachers, men possessed more stigmatizing attitudes towards people with mental illness. Age was an important predictor of stigmatizing attitudes among teachers. CONCLUSION: Educators should pay closer attention to the role of medical psychology and communication training implementation, which may be beneficial to improving skills and increasing medical students' self-esteem and feeling of competence throughout their psychiatry rotation.

• MeSH
• akademický sbor lékařské fakulty psychologie   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• duševní poruchy psychologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu * MeSH
• průřezové studie MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• psychiatrie výchova   MeSH
• psychologický odstup MeSH
• regresní analýza MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• společenské stigma * MeSH
• studenti lékařství psychologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

Video is considered to be an effective, easy to use tool employed in anti-stigma interventions among young people. Mass media has been shown to be effective for reducing stigma; however, there is insufficient evidence to determine the destigmatization effects of videos specifically. This article systematically reviews the effectiveness of video intervention in reducing stigma among young people between 13 and 25 years. We searched 13 electronic databases including randomized controlled trials, cluster randomized controlled trials, and controlled before and after studies. Of the 1426 abstracts identified, 23 studies (reported in 22 papers) met the inclusion criteria. Video interventions led to improvements in stigmatising attitudes. Video was found to be more effective than other interventions, such as classical face-to-face educational sessions or simulation of hallucinations. According to results of two studies, social contact delivered via video achieved similar destigmatization effect to that delivered via a live intervention. Although the quality of studies as well as the form of video interventions varied, the findings suggest that video is a promising destigmatization tool among young people; however, more studies in this area are needed. There was a lack of evidence for interventions outside of school environments, in low- and middle-income countries, and studies, which looked at long-term outcomes or measured impact on actual behaviour and implicit attitudes. The review generates recommendations for video interventions targeted at young people.

• MeSH
• audiovizuální záznam * MeSH
• duševní poruchy psychologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• machiavellismus * MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• postoj MeSH
• psychosociální podpůrné systémy MeSH
• společenské stigma * MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• přehledy MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Klíčová slova
• sebestigma, sebestigmatizace, destigmatizace,
• MeSH
• duševně nemocní * psychologie   MeSH
• hromadné sdělovací prostředky MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• podpora zdraví MeSH
• policie MeSH
• postoj zdravotnického personálu MeSH
• předsudek MeSH
• psychologický odstup MeSH
• sebepojetí MeSH
• společenské stigma * MeSH
• stereotypizace * MeSH
• veřejné mínění MeSH
• zdravotnická komunikace MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH