INTRODUCTION: The immune systems of both the mother and the newborn face significant challenges during birth. Proper immune regulation after birth is essential for the survival of neonates. Numerous studies have demonstrated that the neonatal immune system is relatively immature, particularly in its adaptive arm, placing the primary responsibility for immune surveillance on innate immunity. METHODS: Given the significant role of neutrophils in protecting the neonate after birth, we conducted a study investigating the properties of neutrophils in newborn cord blood using various methodological approaches. RESULTS: Our findings demonstrate the presence of immature low-density neutrophils in the cord blood, which are likely responsible for the observed elevated expression of genes coding for proteins essential to antimicrobial response, including myeloperoxidase, neutrophils elastase, and defensins. DISCUSSION: We propose that these cells function normally and support the protection of newborns early after birth. Furthermore, our results suggest that the mode of delivery might significantly influence the programming of neutrophil function. The presented findings emphasize the importance of distinct neutrophil subpopulations in neonatal immunity and their potential impact on early postnatal health.
- MeSH
- antiinfekční látky * metabolismus MeSH
- fetální krev MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neutrofily * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- přirozená imunita MeSH
- proteiny metabolismus MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- komentáře MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural MeSH
Escherichia coli A0 34/86 (EcO83) is a probiotic strain used in newborns to prevent nosocomial infections and diarrhoea. This bacterium stimulates both pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine production and its intranasal administration reduces allergic airway inflammation in mice. Despite its benefits, there are concerns about the use of live probiotic bacteria due to potential systemic infections and gene transfer. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) derived from EcO83 (EcO83-EVs) might offer a safer alternative to live bacteria. This study characterizes EcO83-EVs and investigates their interaction with host cells, highlighting their potential as postbiotic therapeutics. EcO83-EVs were isolated, purified, and characterised following the Minimal Information of Studies of Extracellular Vesicles (MISEV) guidelines. Ex vivo studies conducted in human nasal epithelial cells showed that EcO83-EVs increased the expression of proteins linked to oxidative stress and inflammation, indicating an effective interaction between EVs and the host cells. Further in vivo studies in mice demonstrated that EcO83-EVs interact with nasal-associated lymphoid tissue, are internalised by airway macrophages, and stimulate neutrophil recruitment in the lung. Mechanistically, EcO83-EVs activate the NF-κΒ signalling pathway, resulting in the nitric oxide production. EcO83-EVs demonstrate significant potential as a postbiotic alternative to live bacteria, offering a safer option for therapeutic applications. Further research is required to explore their clinical use, particularly in mucosal vaccination and targeted immunotherapy strategies.
- MeSH
- aplikace intranazální * MeSH
- epitelové buňky metabolismus MeSH
- Escherichia coli * metabolismus MeSH
- extracelulární vezikuly * metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- lymfoidní tkáň metabolismus MeSH
- makrofágy metabolismus MeSH
- myši MeSH
- NF-kappa B metabolismus MeSH
- oxidační stres MeSH
- plíce mikrobiologie metabolismus MeSH
- probiotika * aplikace a dávkování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- MeSH
- antropologie metody MeSH
- genom lidský genetika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neandertálci genetika MeSH
- populační genetika MeSH
- starobylá DNA * analýza izolace a purifikace MeSH
- tok genů genetika MeSH
- vývoj člověka MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- přehledy MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
Od začátku 21. století se v mikrobiologii a souvisejících biomedicínských a ekologických oborech jako klíčový etabluje nový dílčí obor – mikrobiomová věda. Ta za použití vysoce pokročilých molekulárně genetických a bioinformatických metod zkoumá komplexní mikrobiální komunity. Tato určitým prostředím formovaná společenstva, označovaná jako mikrobiální konsorcia či mikrobiomy, mají svébytné zákonitosti, lišící se od těch platných pro izolované mikroby a umožňující funkčně významnou specializaci. Syntéza metodicky i oborově multidisciplinárních dat mikrobiomové vědě umožňuje výjimečně efektivně směřovat k holistickému obrazu mikrobiomové tematiky, na druhé straně však obor zatěžuje terminologickou nejednoznačností klíčových pojmů, jež je tak zapotřebí jasně kodifikovat v souladu s mezinárodními trendy v používání odborného názvosloví. Za tímto účelem předkládáme v našem článku oficiální stanovisko České mikrobiomové společnosti ČLS JEP o používání vhodných českých pojmů v odborné i popularizační komunikaci.
Since the beginning of the 21st century, a new discipline, microbiome science, has emerged as a key part of microbiology and related biomedical and ecological sciences. Microbiome science uses highly advanced molecular genetic and bioinformatic methods to study complex microbial communities. Unlike isolated microbes, microbial communities shaped by the environment, referred to as microbial consortia or microbiomes, follow their own laws that allow for significant functional specialization. The synthesis of multimethodology and multidisciplinary data enables microbiome science to move towards a holistic picture of the microbiome in an exceptionally effective way, but on the other hand, it burdens the field with terminological ambiguity of the key terms, which consequently need to be clearly codified in accordance with the international trends in the use of technical nomenclature. To this end, we present in our article the official position of the Czech Microbiome Society of the J. E. Purkyně Czech Medical Society on the use of appropriate Czech terms in both professional and general communication.
- MeSH
- genomika MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * genetika MeSH
- organoidy MeSH
- střevní mikroflóra MeSH
- terminologie jako téma MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: COVID-19 pandemic has led to a loss of human life in millions and devastating socio-economic consequences worldwide. So far, vaccination is the most effective long-term strategy to control and prevent severe COVID-19 disease. The aim of the current study was to evaluate the humoral immune responses raised against the BNT162b2 vaccine in hospital healthcare workers. METHODS: Total number of 173 healthcare workers enrolled in the study. Their blood samples were collected in three different time intervals after the second SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and evaluated by the ELISA method to detect anti-spike protein IgM and IgG antibodies. The baseline characteristics of all participants were collected using questionnaires and were evaluated for finding any significant data. RESULTS: Our results demonstrated that the levels of antibodies were higher in the young group (21-30 years old) and also among male participants. Moreover, the highest levels of antibodies were detected from the group that received the third shot vaccination. CONCLUSIONS: Our results indicate that age, gender and third-dose vaccination can affect the levels of humoral immune responses against the BNT162b2 vaccine in healthcare workers.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Toxocara canis, a gastrointestinal parasite of canids, is also highly prevalent in many paratenic hosts, such as mice and humans. As with many other helminths, the infection is associated with immunomodulatory effects, which could affect other inflammatory conditions including autoimmune and allergic diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of T. canis infection on the course of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), an animal model of multiple sclerosis. Mice infected with 2 doses of 100 T. canis L3 larvae 5 weeks prior to EAE induction (the Tc+EAE group) showed higher EAE clinical scores and greater weight loss compared to the non-infected group with induced EAE (the EAE group). Elevated concentrations of all measured serum cytokines (IL-1α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-17A, IFN-γ and TNF-α) were observed in the Tc+EAE group compared to the EAE group. In the CNS, the similar number of regulatory T cells (Tregs; CD4+FoxP3+Helios+) but their decreased proportion from total CD4+ cells was found in the Tc+EAE group compared to the EAE group. This could indicate that the group Tc+EAE harboured significantly more CD4+ T cells of non-Treg phenotype within the affected CNS. Altogether, our results demonstrate that infection of mice with T. canis worsens the course of subsequently induced EAE. Further studies are, therefore, urgently needed to reveal the underlying pathological mechanisms and to investigate possible risks for the human population, in which exposure to T. canis is frequent.
- MeSH
- CD4-pozitivní T-lymfocyty patologie MeSH
- cytokiny MeSH
- encefalomyelitida autoimunitní experimentální * patologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- myši inbrední C57BL MeSH
- myši MeSH
- roztroušená skleróza * patologie MeSH
- Toxocara canis * MeSH
- toxokaróza * komplikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- myši MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Early postnatal events are important for the development of the neonatal immune system. Harboring the pioneering microorganisms forming the microbiota of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract is important for priming the immune system, as well as inducing appropriate tolerance to the relatively innocuous environmental antigens and compounds of normal healthy microbiota. Early postnatal supplementation of suitable, safe probiotics could accelerate this process. In the current study, the immunomodulatory capacity of the probiotic strain of Escherichia coli O83:K24:H31 (EcO83) was characterized in vitro and in vivo. We compared the capacity of EcO83 with and without hemolytic activity on selected immune characteristics in vitro as determined by flow cytometry and quantitative real-time PCR. Both strains with and without hemolytic activity exerted comparable capacity on the maturation of dendritic cells while preserving the induction of interleukin 10 (Il10) expression in dendritic cells and T cells cocultured with EcO83 primed dendritic cells. Early postnatal supplementation with EcO83 led to massive but transient colonization of the neonatal gastrointestinal tract, as detected by in vivo bioimaging. Early postnatal EcO83 administration promoted gut barrier function by increasing the expression of claudin and occludin and the expression of Il10. Early postnatal EcO83 application promotes maturation of the neonatal immune system and promotes immunoregulatory and gut barrier functions.
- MeSH
- dendritické buňky MeSH
- Escherichia coli MeSH
- interleukin-10 MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mikrobiota * MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- probiotika * farmakologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- novorozenec MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Publikační typ
- abstrakt z konference MeSH
