Vysokoškolská učebnice a cvičení, která se zaměřují na laboratorní a klinickou chemii.

• MeSH
• biochemie MeSH
• klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH

• Konspekt
• Biochemie. Molekulární biologie. Biofyzika
• Učební osnovy. Vyučovací předměty. Učebnice
• NLK Obory
• biochemie
• NLK Publikační typ
• učebnice vysokých škol
• laboratorní cvičení

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Using histological techniques and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions of histological serial sections, we studied the development of the olfactory and vomeronasal organs in the discoglossid frog Discoglossus pictus. The olfactory epithelium in larval D. pictus represents one continuous unit of tissue not divided into two separate portions. However, a small pouch of olfactory epithelium (the "ventromedial diverticulum") is embedded into the roof of the buccal cavity, anteromedial to the internal naris. The lateral appendix is present in D. pictus through the entire larval period and disappears during the onset of metamorphosis. The disappearance of the lateral appendix at this time suggests that it is a typical larval organ related to aquatic life. The vomeronasal organ develops during hindlimb development, which is comparatively late for anurans. The development of the vomeronasal organ in D. pictus follows the same general developmental pattern recognized for neobatrachians. As with most anurans, the vomeronasal glands appear later than the vomeronasal organ. After metamorphosis, the olfactory organ of adult D. pictus is composed of a series of three interconnected chambers: the cavum principale, cavum medium, and cavum inferius. We suggest that the ventromedial diverticulum at the anterior border of the internal naris of larval D. pictus might be homologous with the ventral olfactory epithelium of bufonids and with the similar diverticulum of Alytes.

• MeSH
• biologická proměna MeSH
• čichová sliznice anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• larva anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nosní dutina růst a vývoj   MeSH
• vomeronazální orgán anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• žáby anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a Ser/Thr protein kinase conserved in all eukaryotes that plays a key role in cell growth and is a central effector of several pathways regulating essential cell functions. Hyperactivation of the mTORdependent signalling pathway occurs in many human diseases and may be a selective target for their therapy. However, the dual nature of mTOR, existing in two multiprotein complexes mTORC1 and mTORC2 driven by different feedback loops, decreases the therapeutic effects of rapamycin, the specific mTOR inhibitor. In the present study we demonstrate that the mTORC1 signalling pathway is highly activated in human melanoma cells and that up-regulation of this pathway along with the growth and malignity of these cells could be suppressed by disruption of the Src activity. SU6656, the selective inhibitor of the Src kinase activity, decreased up-regulation of the mTORC1 signalling and moreover, unlike rapamycin, it did not induce the activation of Akt/PKB and its downstream targets in HBL melanoma cells. The Src protein was found to be associated with raptor in the mTORC1 complex immunoprecipitated from these cells, suggesting that the Src activity might be a new attractive target for monotherapeutic inhibition of the up-regulated mTORC1 signalling pathway.

• MeSH
• adaptorové proteiny signální transdukční metabolismus   MeSH
• aktivace enzymů účinky léků   MeSH
• fosforylace účinky léků   MeSH
• indoly farmakologie   MeSH
• inhibitory proteinkinas farmakologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• melanom enzymologie   patologie   MeSH
• multiproteinové komplexy antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• nádorové buněčné linie MeSH
• nádorové proteiny metabolismus   MeSH
• proliferace buněk účinky léků   MeSH
• protoonkogenní proteiny c-akt metabolismus   MeSH
• signální transdukce účinky léků   MeSH
• sirolimus farmakologie   MeSH
• skupina kinas odvozených od src-genu antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• sulfonamidy farmakologie   MeSH
• testy nádorových kmenových buněk MeSH
• TOR serin-threoninkinasy antagonisté a inhibitory   metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

We describe a relatively simple method for the determination of glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG) in human whole blood. We have used an HPLC with coulometric electrochemical detection for the simultaneous measurement of GSH and GSSG. Diluted and filtered trichloroacetic acid extracts were injected directly into the HPLC system and were eluted isocratically on a Polaris 5u C18-A, 250 × 4.6 mm analytical column. Glutathione in samples extracted with trichloroacetic acid and diluted with 1.0 mM hydrochloric acid was stable at 4 °C for at least 8 h. The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory: the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 10%. Quantitative recoveries from spiked whole blood samples were at intervals 91.6–97.6% for GSH and 85.0–104.4% for GSSG. The linear range is 5.0–2000.0 µmol/l, with a detection limit of 2.1 µmol/l (signal-to-noise ratio = 3) for GSH and 2.0–250.0 µmol/l, with a detection limit of 0.9 µmol/l for GSSG.

• MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky MeSH
• fluorescenční polarizační imunologické testy MeSH
• fluorometrie MeSH
• glutathiondisulfid analýza   MeSH
• krev MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Je zde popsána metoda pro specifické stanovení kyseliny močové v lidském séru. Byla testována účinnost různých deproteinačních činidel. Výsledky získané proměřením 300 vzorků sér pomocí vysoce účinné kapalinové chromatografie byly porovnány s výsledky získanými rutinní enzymatickou metodou. Vzorky sér byly deproteinovány pomocí kyseliny chloristé a supernatanty byly analyzovány vysoce účinnou kapalinovou chromatografií na reverzní fázi. Pro separaci byla užita kolona MAG 1, 4,6 x 150 mm, Biospher PSI 200, 5 µm. Mobilní fází byla směs 5% metanolu v 25 mmol/l dihydrogenfosforečnanu sodného (v/v), pH 4,75. Analytické parametry metody jsou vyhovující: variační koeficienty přesnosti v sérii a mezi sériemi se pohybovaly pod 5 %. Výtěžnost, určená metodou standardních přídavků, se pohybovala v rozmezí 90,0–103,4 %. Mez stavitelnosti byla 10,0 µmol/l (3,3 pmol/nástřik). Výsledky získané chromatografickou metodou dobře korelovaly s výsledky získanými rutinní enzymatickou metodou, avšak chromatografická metoda poskytovala vyšší hodnoty, a to v závislosti na dané skupině pacientů. Zde prezentovaná metoda je vhodná pro analýzu těch vzorků, u nichž klasická enzymatická metoda poskytuje nespolehlivé výsledky.

A sensitive method for the specific determination of uric acid in human serum is described. The effectiveness of various protein precipitants was tested. Results from measurements by high-performance liquid chromatography on 300 serum samples were compared with an enzymatic method. Serum samples were deproteinized with perchloric acid and analyzed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. For the separation, a reverse phase column MAG 1, 4.6 x 150 mm, Biospher PSI 200 C18, 5 µm, was used. The mobile phase consisted of 5% methanol in 25- mmol/L sodium dihydrogenphosphate (v/v), pH 4.75. The analytical performance of this method is satisfactory: the intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation were below 5%. Quantitative recoveries of spiked serum samples were between 90.0 – 103.4%. The limit of quantification was 10.0 µmol/L (3.3 pmol/inject). Results obtained by chromatographic method correlated well with an enzymatic method, but gave at average higher values depending on a group of patients. Presented method is useful for the analysis of samples where the classical enzymatic method do not give reliable results.

• Klíčová slova
• porovnání metod,
• MeSH
• elektrochemické techniky metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• financování organizované MeSH
• kyselina močová analýza   krev   MeSH
• reprodukovatelnost výsledků MeSH
• spektrofotometrie ultrafialová metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH
• urikasa diagnostické užití   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   přístrojové vybavení   MeSH

We use histological techniques and computer-aided three-dimensional reconstructions made from serial histological sections to describe the ontogeny of the ethmoidal endocranium of discoglossid frog Discoglossus pictus. We identify a pattern of development for the suprarostral cartilage that differs from previous findings and probably represents the ancestral anuran pattern. The nasal cartilages, including the inferior prenasal cartilage, are de novo adult structures. The only larva-derived structures of the adult nasal capsules are the posterior aspects of the solum nasi and septum nasi. We also identify patterns of development for the ethmoid plate and postnasal wall that occur during early in ontogenesis. These patterns are associated with development events during metamorphic climax. The pattern of timing of chondrification of the anterior nasal cartilages more closely coincides with that of the neobatrachian species than that recorded for the pelobatid frog Spea. In addition, this study supports a sister taxon relationship between Discoglossus and Alytes.

• MeSH
• čichová kost anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• larva MeSH
• nos anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• nosní chrupavky anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• žáby anatomie a histologie   růst a vývoj   MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

The interrelationships between plasma beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, and the level of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress were investigated in patients with advanced coronary artery disease (CAD). Plasma beta-carotene, alpha-tocopherol, malondialdehyde, free radicals, interleukin-6, high sensitive C-reactive protein levels, and other risk factors of CAD were determined in a group of patients with advanced CAD [significant stenosis according to coronarographic examination (n=91) and a control group of examined patients with coronary arteries with no stenosis (n=49)]. Between-group differences in continuous variables were analyzed with the Hotelling T2-test (software NCSS2000), analyses of correlation matrix with the software STATISTICA. Advanced CAD coincided with significantly lower plasma concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and beta-carotene as well as with elevated levels of all inflammatory markers, but only with mild increase of oxidative stress. Beta-carotene significantly inversely correlated with interleukin-6. This inverse correlation could suggest potential protective effect of beta-carotene on atherosclerosis due to the inhibition of inflammatory processes.

• MeSH
• alfa-tokoferol krev   MeSH
• beta-karoten krev   MeSH
• C-reaktivní protein metabolismus   MeSH
• cholesterol krev   MeSH
• interleukin-6 krev   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• malondialdehyd krev   MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen krev   MeSH
• oxidační stres fyziologie   MeSH
• průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• senioři MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH