This study was aimed at comparing the force-velocity relationship during cycling and arm cranking in males and females. Thirty-two male and twenty-two female healthy volunteers performed a force-velocity test on a cycle ergometer and a cranking ergometer in a randomly selected order. The theoretical values of the maximum force at zero speed (F0) and the maximum velocity at zero braking force (v0) for the lower and upper limbs were determined, and the maximum anaerobic power (Pmax) was calculated from the individual force-velocity relationship. The Pmax and F0 of the upper limbs related to the lower limbs correspond to 78.2 ± 14.3% and 80.1 ± 17.3% in men and 65.5 ± 12.5% and 74.5 ± 6.5% in women, respectively. The theoretical maximum velocity v0 of the upper limbs to the lower limbs attained 129.1 ± 29.0% in men and 127.4 ± 26.4% in women. The results of the study can serve as reference data for the force-velocity characteristics of the upper and lower limbs of male and female athletes. The results can be used both in training and rehabilitation programs, where the starting point is the objectification of possible strength deficits in various areas of the force-velocity characteristic spectrum of the muscles of the upper and lower limbs.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
BACKGROUND: The assumption of this work is the achievement of objective results of the movement structure, which forms the basis for in-depth analysis and, consequently, for determining the upper limb movements that are most affected by stroke compared to healthy people. METHODS: An analysis of relevant and systematically identified features of upper limb movement in post-stroke adults is presented based on scalable hypothesis tests. The basic features were calculated using movements defined by the x, y, and z coordinates (i.e., 3D trajectory time series) and compared to the results of post-stroke patients with healthy controls of similar age. RESULTS: After automatic feature selection, out of the 1004 common features of upper limb movement, the most differentiated were the upper arm movements in reaching kinematics. In terms of movement type, movements in the frontal plane (shoulder abduction and adduction) were the most sensitive to changes. The largest number of discriminating features was determined on the basis of acceleration time series. CONCLUSIONS: In the 3D assessment of functional activities of the upper limb, the upper arm turned out to be the most differentiated body segment, especially during abduction and adduction movements. The results indicate a special need to pay attention to abduction and adduction movements to improve the activities of daily living of the upper limbs after a stroke.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the relative load of the midfoot and the metatarsals of both feet when schoolchildren walked with backpacks of different loads. METHODS: A group of 12 healthy girls (9.9 ± 0.8 years; 33.8 ± 6.7 kg, 1.40 ± 0.10 m) walked barefoot to assess plantar pressures during gait without load (L0%) and with a loaded backpack equal to 10% (L10%) and 20% (L20%) of their body weight. A Footscan® system (RSscan International, Belgium) was used to determine the contact area and relative pressure impulse in the midfoot and metatarsals on the dominant (DL) and non-dominant legs (NL). RESULTS: The effect of load was significant for the contact area of the midfoot for both NL (p = 0.013) and DL (p = 0.001). In the metatarsals, there was significantly greater relative impulse during L10% compared to L0% in the first (p = 0.041) and second (p = 0.050) metatarsals of the DL. Comparing the NL and DL showed significantly greater relative impulse on the DL in the fourth metatarsal during L10% (p = 0.023), greater contact area in the fifth metatarsal during L0% (p = 0.050), and greater impulse in the midfoot during L20% (p = 0.028) on the NL. CONCLUSIONS: The school backpack load influences relative plantar pressure distribution, especially in the midfoot. Further, our findings suggest greater propulsion of the DL and supporting function of the NL.
Background: Physical inactivity and resultant lower energy expenditure contribute unequivocally to cardiovascular diseases, such as coronary artery disease and stroke, which are considered major causes of disability and mortality worldwide. Aim: The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of physical activity (PA) and exercise on different aspects of health - genetics, endothelium function, blood pressure, lipid concentrations, glucose intolerance, thrombosis, and self - satisfaction. Materials and. Methods: In this article, we conducted a narrative review of the influence PA and exercise have on the cardiovascular system, risk factors of cardiovascular diseases, searching the online databases; Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, and, subsequently, discuss possible mechanisms of this action. Results and Discussion: Based on our narrative review of literature, discussed the effects of PA on telomere length, nitric oxide synthesis, thrombosis risk, blood pressure, serum glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides levels, and indicated possible mechanisms by which physical training may lead to improvement in chronic cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion: PA is effective for the improvement of exercise tolerance, lipid concentrations, blood pressure, it may also reduce the serum glucose level and risk of thrombosis, thus should be advocated concomitant to, or in some cases instead of, traditional drug-therapy.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
Although age is a dominant risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD), epidemiological studies have shown that physical activity may significantly decrease age-related risks for AD, and indeed mitigate the impact in existing diagnosis. The aim of this study was to perform a narrative review on the preventative, and mitigating, effects of physical activity on AD onset, including genetic factors, mechanism of action and physical activity typology. In this article, we conducted a narrative review of the influence physical activity and exercise have on AD, utilising key terms related to AD, physical activity, mechanism and prevention, searching the online databases; Web of Science, PubMed and Google Scholar, and, subsequently, discuss possible mechanisms of this action. On the basis of this review, it is evident that physical activity and exercise may be incorporated in AD, notwithstanding, a greater number of high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed, moreover, physical activity typology must be acutely considered, primarily due to a dearth of research on the efficacy of physical activity types other than aerobic.
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
AIMS: The main purpose of this study was to determine the changes in kinematic parameters of ischemic stroke affected upper limbs, during simple functional activity, to determine the most relevant changes. METHODS: The OptiTrack system was used for motion capture. To determine upper extremity function in Activities of Daily Living (ADL) tasks. During particular phases, the following matrices were chosen: mean and peak speed, normalized movement unit, normalized jerk and phase movement time. The chosen matrices represent the speed and smoothness profile of end-point data. The the arm-trunk compensation was also taken into consideration. Twenty stroke patients, in early (G1 from 1 to 3 months after stroke) and chronic stage (G2 from 6 months to 1 year), were studied. The large and small cylinder forward and back transporting phases were evaluated. RESULTS: The most significant differences between groups G1 and G2 were in mean and peak speed of the forward transport of the large and small cylinders for the paretic limb. Significant differences were also found for the smoothness (measured by movement unit, mean and peak speed and jerk) where the G2 group had a rougher motion. There were also differences in arm-trunk compensation in the frontal plane. CONCLUSION: The variables used in the study showed applicability in assessing kinematic parameters in both the early and chronic period after stroke.
- MeSH
- biomechanika MeSH
- cévní mozková příhoda patologie MeSH
- horní končetina inervace patofyziologie MeSH
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- rehabilitace po cévní mozkové příhodě * MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- snímání pohybu * MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé středního věku MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- senioři MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Klíčová slova
- zdravotní tělesná výchova, vadné držení těla,
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nemoci páteře rehabilitace MeSH
- postura těla MeSH
- průzkumy a dotazníky MeSH
- školy MeSH
- tělesná výchova * MeSH
- učitelé MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
Cílem studie bylo ověřit vliv statického a dynamického způsobu protahování hamstringů u probandů studující tělesnou výchovu a sport na PF UJEP. Flexibilita byla diagnostikována prostřednictvím modifikované Lassegueovy zkoušky (SLR). V předkládané studii byl sledován rozdíl mezi dosaženými úhly zadní strany stehna u dominantní dolní končetiny před aplikací a po aplikaci statických a dynamických protahovacích cvičení pomocí SLR provedené švihem nebo tahem. Pro sběr dat bylo využito videozá- znamu (2D), který byl zpracován softwarem Dartfish Team Pro Data. Pomocí tohoto programu byly hodnoty úhlu převedeny na vzdálenost v centimetrech a vyhodnoceny. Výsledky prokázaly, že nebyly zjištěny statisticky významné rozdíly v hodnotách ROM při působení statického a dynamického způsobu protahování. Signifikantní rozdíly se však projevily mezi výchozím a výsledným úhlem dominantní dolní končetiny při působení dynamického strečinku, kde byl u SLR pohyb proveden švihem.
The aim of the study was to assess the effect of static and dynamic way of stretching the hamstrings in probands studying physical education and sport at UJEP. Flexibility was diagnosed through a modified Lassegueovy test (SLR). In the present study, we evaluated the differences between the angles of the back of the thigh in the dominant lower limb before and after the application of static and dynamic stretching exercises performed using SLR push or pull. For data collection were used video (2D), which was developed software Dartfish Team Pro Data. With this program were converted to values of the angle distance in centimeters and evaluated. The results showed that there were no significant differences in ROM when exposed to static and dynamic stretching method. Significant differences, however, showed between the initial and final angle dominant lower limb when exposed to dynamic stretching, where the movement was executed swing.
- MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- plnění a analýza úkolů MeSH
- rozsah kloubních pohybů * fyziologie MeSH
- strečink * MeSH
- zadní stehenní svaly fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- mladý dospělý MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- srovnávací studie MeSH
The presented study is focused at identifying the genetic predispositions for anaerobic performance in a group of elite fencers of the Czech Republic. Based on theoretical findings and previous studies, we assume that the identification of genetic coding can help revealing sport talents or recommend to a person interested in sport a suitable branch considering his qualifications. The study concentrates on the comparison of speed-strenght abilities determined by Wingate test performed in the Biomedical laboratory of FTVS at Charles University in Prague and specific speed tests for fencing with R577X polymorphism of ACTN3 gene in elite fencers of the Czech Republic. By the analysis of buccal smear, we found that 80% of our sample of fencers contains in their genotype at least one R allele of the ACTN3 gene of the R577X polymorphism and 27% of the whole are homozygotes with RR genotype.
- MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- ergometrie statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- genetické testování statistika a číselné údaje MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- kosterní svaly fyziologie MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- polymorfismus genetický * genetika MeSH
- sportovci MeSH
- sportovní výkon * fyziologie MeSH
- tělesná výkonnost fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- hodnotící studie MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
Studie je zaměřena na kinematickou analýzu pohybové struktury výpadu v šermu u výkonnostně odlišných skupin šermířů. První skupinu (n=7) tvořili elitní šermíři ČR, kteří jsou v šermu aktivní v průměru 12 let (±3,4). Ve druhé skupině (n=7) jsou šermíři, kteří jsou v šermu aktivní maximálně 2 roky. Subjekty v naší studii prováděly výpad na vizuální podnět červené LED diody, která je součástí zařízení Fitrosword. Ukončení výpadu bylo vymezeno zasažením zásahového terče. Cílem studie bylo identifikovat a charakterizovat pohybovou strukturu výpadu. Pro vyhodnocování videozáznamu byl použit software Dartfish 6 TeamPro Data. Šetřením jsme zjistili rozdíly ve struktuře jednotlivých fází výpadu mezi sledovanými skupinami šermířů. Byl zjištěn rozdíl v reakční době při výpadu, rychlostí extenze v loketním kloubu a v rozsahu realizovaného pohybu. Výsledky naší studie mohou posloužit trenérům šermu, kteří je při optimálním pedagogickém a metodickém působení mohou úspěšně aplikovat v tréninkovém procesu. Mohou pomoci při zvyšování výkonnosti mladých a začínajících šermířů, kteří uplatní pohybovou strukturu výpadu elitních šermířů.
This study is focused on kinematic analysis in fencing lunge of different performance-related groups of fencers. The first group (n=7) consists of elite fencers of the Czech Republic, who are active in fencing an average of 12 years (±3,4). In the second group (n=7), there are fencers who are active in fencing up to two years. Subjects of our study performed lunge on a visual stimulus of LEDs, which is part of the Fitrosword device. The end of lunge was defined by hit of the target. The aim of this study was detection and charactrerization of movement structure in fencing lunge. Video recording and Dartfish TeamPro 6 Data software were used to evaluation of kinematic the lunge. The investigation revealed significant differences in the structure of individual phases of the lunge given to monitored groups of fencers. Between the the groups of fencers was identified difference in reaction time, speed of extension at the elbow joint and range of the movement in lunge. The results of our study may be useful for coaches who may this results due optimal pedagogical and methodological influence successfully applied in the training process. We assume that they can help in improving the performance of young and novice fencers who take into account the movement structure of lunge used by elite fencers.
- MeSH
- audiovizuální záznam metody přístrojové vybavení MeSH
- dolní končetina MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- horní končetina fyziologie MeSH
- kineziologie aplikovaná * metody MeSH
- kosterní svaly MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- loketní kloub MeSH
- ohebnost (fyzika) MeSH
- pohyb * fyziologie MeSH
- reakční čas * fyziologie MeSH
- rozsah kloubních pohybů fyziologie MeSH
- sporty * fyziologie MeSH
- svalová kontrakce fyziologie MeSH
- Check Tag
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
