Czechs commonly share their homes with pet animals. However, the likelihood of transmission of filamentous fungi (FF) between the pet and the owner is not well known. The aim of this study was to define the frequency of such transmission. At the same time, the degree of closeness of owner-animal cohabitation, the effect on the spectrum of shared FF and health risk assessment were defined. The effect of previous antibiotic therapy on fungal flora was also assessed. In total, 150 pet owners and 135 pet animals from 125 households provided 911 samples; 80 non-owners provided 320 samples. All owners completed a questionnaire focusing on the level of contact with the pet and information on previous antibiotic treatment. The relationship between the contact index (CI) and the effect of previous antibiotic treatment on the number of FF species shared was quantified. Results were compared with those of non-owners. The CI was very close (CI > 4) in 131 owners (87.3%). A total of 110 FF were isolated. Common FF were found in 42 households (33.6%); 65 FF were identified in the non-owners. In the last year, 46 pets, 43 owners and 25 non-owners used antimicrobial agents. Aspergillus niger was most prevalent in owners and pets and Alternaria alternata in non-owners. The degree of contact intimacy did not seem to have any effect on the joint abundance of FF, but antibiotic treatment had a significant effect on FF abundance in non-owners. This effect was not significant in either owners or pets.

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

Tento návrh doporučeného postupu laboratorní diagnostiky dermatomykóz byl vypracován na základě odborné diskuze členů Pracovní skupiny pro mykologii Společnosti pro lékařskou mikrobiologii České lékařské společnosti JEP (PSM SLM ČLS JEP). Vychází z dokumentu „Doporučený postup laboratorní diagnostiky dermatomykóz“ zveřejněného na webových stránkách SLM ČLS JEP 23. 6. 2020 k všeobecné odborné diskuzi. Dosud byly pokyny v této oblasti mykologické laboratorní diagnostiky omezeny pouze na informace v příručkách a neexistoval žádný ucelený a systematický dokument na uvedené téma. Tuto mezeru se členové PSM SLM ČLS JEP snažili zaplnit, a vzniklo tak doporučení, pokrývající všechny části dermatomykologické laboratorní problematiky, od způsobu získání kvalitní anamnézy, správného postupu při odběru vzorků, jejich vyšetřování konvenčními mikroskopickými a kultivačními technikami, až po interpretaci získaných výsledků. Do této základní osnovy byly začleněny informace o diagnostickém potenciálu nových, moderních technologií, zejména molekulárně genetických metod a hmotnostní spektrometrie. Nedávno došlo k vypracování standardní evropské metodiky pro testování citlivosti dermatofytů k antimykotikům, proto byla i tato problematika do doporučení zahrnuta. Je samozřejmě počítáno s budoucí periodickou revizí tohoto dokumentu na základě nových poznatků.

This draft of guidelines for the laboratory diagnosis of dermatomycoses was developed based on discussion among members of the Czech Society for Medical Microbiology Working Group on Mycology. The document Guidelines for the Laboratory Diagnosis of Dermatomycoses was published for discussion on the Czech Society for Medical Microbiology website on 23 March 2020. Until recently, recommendations concerning this area of laboratory diagnosis in mycology were only limited to information in manuals and no comprehensive and systematic document concerning these issues was available. In an effort to fill the gap, members of the working group developed recommendations covering various laboratory aspects of mycology, from obtaining a proper history, to adequate sampling techniques, sample analyses using conventional microscopy and culture techniques, to interpretation of results. Additional information was on the diagnostic potential of novel, modern technology, in particular molecular genetic methods and mass spectrometry. The recently developed European standards for testing the susceptibility of dermatophytes to antifungals were also included in the recommendations. The document will be regularly updated based on new findings.

• Publikační typ
• abstrakt z konference MeSH

The new ultra-high performance liquid chromatography method with tandem mass spectrometry detection (UHPLC-MS/MS) has been optimized to allow fast, selective, and high-throughput analysis of two Candida albicans quorum sensing molecules (QSM), farnesol and tyrosol. The problem of the presence of the interference in the samples and system was successfully solved by careful optimization of chromatographic conditions. Charged hybrid stationary phase modified with pentafluorophenyl group and optimized gradient elution provided adequate separation selectivity and peak shapes. The impurity was identified as dibutyl phthalate and had the same m/z ions as farnesol leading to an important interference on selected reaction monitoring channel. Two different types of biological matrices originating from vaginal fluid, supernatant and sediment, were analysed. Micro-solid phase extraction in pipette tips was optimized for the selective isolation of QSM from the supernatant. The insufficient retention of farnesol on the extraction sorbent was improved when 1% of organic solvent was added prior to extraction, while the retention of tyrosol was only possible when using combined C8 and polymer sorbent type. Strong retention of farnesol had to be solved by increasing elution solvent strength and volume up to 600 μL. However, this approach did not allow the pretreatment of sediment samples due to the sorbent clogging. Therefore, our previously developed protein precipitation method was modified and validated to analyse the sediments. New developed UHPLC-MS/MS method provided suitable accuracy and precision for the determination of QSM in vaginal fluid while using only 50 μL sample volume and two different sample preparation methods.

• MeSH
• Candida albicans izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• farnesol analýza   MeSH
• fenethylalkohol analogy a deriváty   analýza   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• limita detekce MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie metody   MeSH
• vagina chemie   mikrobiologie   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie metody   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• validační studie MeSH

Background: Saprochaete clavata (formerly Geotrichum clavatum, now proposed as Magnusiomyces clavatus) is a filamentous yeast-like fungus that has recently been described as an emerging pathogen mostly in patients with acute leukemia. Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients diagnosed with proven and probable S. clavata infection at the University Hospital, Hradec Králové, Czechia between March 2005 and December 2017. Previous cases were identified from the literature and FungiScope® database. Results: Six new cases (5 females, 1 male) of blood-stream S. clavata infections at the hemato-oncological department were described including epidemiological data of additional 48 patients colonized with the species. Overall, 116 strains of S. clavata were isolated from different clinical specimens of 54 patients; most of them belonged to the respiratory tract (60.3%). S. clavata was the most frequent species among arthroconidial yeasts (Trichosporon, Galactomyces, Magnusiomyces) recovered from the blood. All our patients with S. clavata infection had profound neutropenia, a central venous catheter, broad-spectrum antibiotics and antifungal prophylaxis; four had a history of a biliary tract system disease. The diagnosis was based on a positive blood culture in all patients. Four patients died of multiorgan failure and sepsis despite treatment with lipid-based amphotericin B and/or voriconazole. From the literature and FungiScope database, 67 previous cases of S. clavata infections were evaluated in context of our cases. Conclusion: Saprochaete clavata infection represents a life-threatening mycosis in severely immunocompromised patients. The successful outcome of treatment seems to be critically dependent on the early diagnosis and the recovery of underlying conditions associated with immune dysfunction or deficiency.

• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

The project is focused on description and evaluation of individual parameters of the vaginal microbiota in the patients with recurrent vulvovaginal discomfort. The study of the microbiota will be based on pyrosequencing next generation and real-time PCR which together with other analytical methods enable to investigate the relationships of community state type of vaginal microbiota to some physiological, immunological and clinical markers. Attention will be focused on the question of whether, and under what circumstances is the finding or absence of a given microbe in the vagina associated with a disease, colonization or dysbiosis. The presence, species and quantity of yeast will be studied in connection with Candida quorum sensing, beta-estradiol and progesterone levels, immunological markers in the vagina, and clinical picture. The information obtained will contribute to in-depth understanding of the role of vaginal microbiota and enable to stratify women with potential to use the new findings in diagnosis and management of recurrent vulvovaginal discomfort.

Projekt je zaměřen na komplexní popis a vyhodnocení vaginální mikrobioty k vybraných parametrům poševního prostředí u pacientek s vulvovaginálním dyskomfortem. Hlavním nástrojem studia mikrobioty bude pyrosekvenace nové generace a real-time PCR, které společně s dalšími vyšetřovacími metodami umožní analyzovat typ společenství vaginální mikrobioty a jeho vztah k vybraným fyziologickým, imunologickým a klinickým ukazatelům. Pozornost bude soustředěna na otázku, zda a za jakých okolností je nález resp. absence určitého mikroba resp. typu mikrobioty v pochvě spojen s patologickým stavem a kdy s kolonizací pochvy nebo dysbiózou. Speciální pozornost bude věnována přítomnosti, druhu a kvantitě kvasinek a v případě Candida albicans korelaci s quorum sensing (farnesol, tyrosol), hladinou estradiolu a progesteronu, imunologickými markery v pochvě a klinickými projevy. Získané informace přispějí k hlubšímu pochopení poševní mikrobioty a stratifikaci pacientek s možností využití získaných poznatků v diagnostice a léčebném přístupu k rekurentnímu vulvovaginálnímu dyskomfortu.

• MeSH
• biologické markery MeSH
• Candida MeSH
• dysbióza MeSH
• Lactobacillus MeSH
• mikrobiota MeSH
• recidiva MeSH
• vagina MeSH
• vulvovaginitida MeSH

• Konspekt
• Patologie. Klinická medicína
• NLK Obory
• gynekologie a porodnictví
• mikrobiologie, lékařská mikrobiologie
• NLK Publikační typ
• závěrečné zprávy o řešení grantu AZV MZ ČR

• MeSH
• bakteriální vaginóza diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• herpes genitalis diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• infekce papilomavirem diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• kandidóza vulvovaginální diagnóza   terapie   MeSH
• klinické protokoly MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mikroskopie MeSH
• vulvovaginitida * diagnóza   mikrobiologie   terapie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Colletotrichum species are known as important pathogens of plants with an impact on crop production. Some of these species are also known as a cause of rare ophthalmic infections in humans. A case of keratitis caused by Colletotrichum dematium after corneal trauma in a 56-year-old woman is presented. Infection was diagnosed based on positive microscopy and culture. The fungal isolate was identified by morphological characteristics and DNA sequencing of the ITS rDNA region, β-tubulin (tub2) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) genes. The patient responded well to topical therapy with amphotericin B combined with intravenous amphotericin B but improvement was associated with the corneal collagen cross-linking. The review of the literature revealed another 13 cases of C. dematium keratitis, all but one patient having at least one keratitis risk factor in their history. Almost all patients (n = 12) were treated with topical polyene antibiotics (natamycin or amphotericin B), improvement and cure were achieved in eight of them.

• MeSH
• amfotericin B aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• antifungální látky aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• aplikace lokální MeSH
• Colletotrichum klasifikace   genetika   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• diagnostické techniky molekulární MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• glyceraldehyd-3-fosfátdehydrogenasa (fosforylační) genetika   MeSH
• keratitida diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mezerníky ribozomální DNA genetika   MeSH
• mikrobiologické techniky MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mykózy diagnóza   mikrobiologie   patologie   MeSH
• poranění oka komplikace   MeSH
• sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
• tubulin genetika   MeSH
• výsledek terapie MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé středního věku MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladiství MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• kazuistiky MeSH
• systematický přehled MeSH