- MeSH
- antioxidancia analýza MeSH
- čekanka obecná chemie MeSH
- fenoly analýza chemie MeSH
- flavonoidy analýza MeSH
- Hemerocallis chemie MeSH
- jedlé rostliny * chemie MeSH
- klinické laboratorní techniky MeSH
- květy * chemie MeSH
- kyselina askorbová analýza MeSH
- quercetin analýza MeSH
- Tagetes chemie MeSH
- Viola chemie MeSH
- výzkum MeSH
Human parvovirus 4 (PARV4, family Parvoviridae, genus Tetraparvovirus) displays puzzling features, such as uncertain clinical importance/significance, unclear routes of transmission, and discontinuous geographical distribution. The origin, or the general reservoir, of human PARV4 infection is unknown. We aimed to detect and characterize PARV4 virus in faecal samples collected from two wild chimpanzee populations and 19 species of captive non-human primates. We aimed to investigate these species as a potential reservoir and alternate route of transmission on the African continent. From almost 500 samples screened, a single wild Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii sample tested positive. Full genome analysis, as well as single ORF phylogenies, confirmed species-specific PARV4 infection.
- MeSH
- divoká zvířata virologie MeSH
- feces virologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genom virový MeSH
- infekce viry z čeledi Parvoviridae přenos veterinární virologie MeSH
- nemoci primátů přenos virologie MeSH
- otevřené čtecí rámce MeSH
- Pan troglodytes MeSH
- Parvovirinae klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Adenoviruses are a widespread cause of diverse human infections with recently confirmed zoonotic roots in African great apes. We focused on savanna-dwelling chimpanzees in the Issa Valley (Tanzania), which differ from those from forested sites in many aspects of behavior and ecology. PCR targeting the DNA polymerase gene detected AdV in 36.7% (69/188) of fecal samples. We detected five groups of strains belonging to the species Human mastadenovirus E and two distinct groups within the species Human mastadenovirus C based on partial hexon sequence. All detected AdVs from the Issa Valley are related to those from nearby Mahale and Gombe National Parks, suggesting chimpanzee movements and pathogen transmission.
- MeSH
- Adenoviridae genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- adenovirové infekce epidemiologie veterinární virologie MeSH
- DNA-dependentní DNA-polymerasy genetika MeSH
- feces virologie MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- nemoci lidoopů epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- Pan troglodytes virologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Tanzanie epidemiologie MeSH
The knowledge of the closest human relatives of human adenoviruses (AdVs) such as adenoviruses found in nonhuman primates is still limited, despite the growing importance of adenoviruses in vaccine development, gene and cancer therapy. We examined 153 stool samples of 17 non-human primate species and detected adenoviral DNA sequences of DNA polymerase (DPOL) gene in 54 samples (35%), originating from 12 out of 17 primate species. We further sequenced 15 hexon gene fragments and based on the phylogenetic analysis we propose two new provisional species SAdV-H and SAdV-I. Our study shows extensive diversity of adenoviral strains forming separate clades often from closely related host species from old world monkeys suggesting the existence of new species of AdVs and shows the necessity for clear ICTV guidelines for final establishment of so far provisional AdV species.
- MeSH
- Bayesova věta MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- interakce hostitele a patogenu * MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- nukleotidy genetika MeSH
- opičí adenoviry klasifikace genetika MeSH
- primáti virologie MeSH
- sekvence nukleotidů MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The inflorescence of common elder (Sambucus nigra L., Adoxaceae) is known to be rich in phenolic compounds. The content of five selected phenolic compounds (rutin, chlorogenic acid, isoquercitrin, isorhamnetin-3-O- rutinoside and dicaffeoylquinic acid) was determined in methanolic extracts from flowers and floral stems by HPLC in samples obtained from 20 varieties of S. nigra cultivated in Czech Republic. In all samples, there were determined rutin (11-54 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (23-46 mg/g), isoquercitrin (0.6-18 mg/g), isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside (3-10 mg/g), calculated on air-dried material. The content of dicaffeoylquinic acid was 0-13 mg/g of air-dried material. The amount of the analysed compounds in floral stems was lower than the flowers. The results are a unique set of information on the content of main phenolics in the inflorescence of cultured elderberry varieties.
- MeSH
- bez černý chemie MeSH
- druhová specificita MeSH
- fenoly farmakologie MeSH
- květy chemie MeSH
- ovoce chemie MeSH
- rostlinné extrakty farmakologie MeSH
- stonky rostlin chemie MeSH
- vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
BACKGROUND: Habitat types can affect vector and pathogen distribution and transmission dynamics. The prevalence and genetic diversity of Plasmodium spp. in two eastern chimpanzee populations-Kalinzu Forest Reserve, Uganda and Issa Valley, Tanzania-inhabiting different habitat types was investigated. As a follow up study the effect of host sex and age on infections patterns in Kalinzu Forest Reserve chimpanzees was determined. METHODS: Molecular methods were employed to detect Plasmodium DNA from faecal samples collected from savanna-woodland (Issa Valley) and forest (Kalinzu Forest Reserve) chimpanzee populations. RESULTS: Based on a Cytochrome-b PCR assay, 32 out of 160 Kalinzu chimpanzee faecal samples were positive for Plasmodium DNA, whilst no positive sample was detected in 171 Issa Valley chimpanzee faecal samples. Sequence analysis revealed that previously known Laverania species (Plasmodium reichenowi, Plasmodium billbrayi and Plasmodium billcollinsi) are circulating in the Kalinzu chimpanzees. A significantly higher proportion of young individuals were tested positive for infections, and switching of Plasmodium spp. was reported in one individual. Amongst the positive individuals sampled more than once, the success of amplification of Plasmodium DNA from faeces varied over sampling time. CONCLUSION: The study showed marked differences in the prevalence of malaria parasites among free ranging chimpanzee populations living in different habitats. In addition, a clear pattern of Plasmodium infections with respect to host age was found. The results presented in this study contribute to understanding the ecological aspects underlying the malaria infections in the wild. Nevertheless, integrative long-term studies on vector abundance, Plasmodium diversity during different seasons between sites would provide more insight on the occurrence, distribution and ecology of these pathogens.
- MeSH
- cytochromy b genetika MeSH
- feces parazitologie MeSH
- malárie epidemiologie parazitologie veterinární MeSH
- nemoci primátů epidemiologie parazitologie MeSH
- Pan troglodytes * MeSH
- Plasmodium klasifikace genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- prevalence MeSH
- protozoální DNA genetika izolace a purifikace MeSH
- protozoální proteiny genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza DNA MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- mužské pohlaví MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Tanzanie epidemiologie MeSH
- Uganda epidemiologie MeSH
Biogenic amine and fatty acid contents were determined in vacuum-packed fillets of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Samples were pressure treated at 300 and 500 MPa and were stored at 3.5 and 12°C for up to 28 days (control, 0 MPa) and 70 days (pressure-treated). The content of eight biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, spermidine, spermine, histamine, tyramine, tryptamine, and phenylethylamine) were determined. Putrescine and cadaverine were influenced by all factors (temperature, pressurization level, and time of storage). Tyramine content was the most sensitive indicator of the improper status of sample; levels exceeding 10 mg/kg indicated both the loss of meat freshness and temperature abuse, in spite of persisting good sensory indices. Neither storage temperature nor pressurization level had a statistically important effect on the contents of fatty acids. Only polyunsaturated fatty acids decreased slightly if the storage time exceeded 42 days.
- MeSH
- analýza potravin * MeSH
- biogenní aminy analýza MeSH
- kapři MeSH
- manipulace s potravinami metody MeSH
- mastné kyseliny analýza MeSH
- obaly potravin MeSH
- potrava z moře (živočišná) analýza MeSH
- vakuum MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
The concentration of putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) was determined in chilled meat and kidneys of 18 rabbits and in liver of 12 animals 24h after slaughter. Very low PUT concentrations were detected only in kidneys. Mean SPD levels were 2.2, 2.2, 61.7 and 32.7mgkg(-1) in saddle, leg, liver and kidneys, respectively. The respective SPM concentrations were 14.7, 8.0, 115 and 88.4mgkg(-1). SPD and SPM losses of about one third of the initial levels were apparent in saddles stored at -18°C for 8months. Losses of both polyamines of about 15-20% of the initial concentrations were found in saddles stored aerobically at +2°C for up to 9days. Stewing of saddles caused significant SPD and SPM losses of about 20-25%, while upon roasting and pan-roasting without oil a decrease of about 50% of the initial concentration was observed.
Putrescine (PUT), spermidine (SPD) and spermine (SPM) concentrations using a UPLC method, in chilled mutton, lamb and livers 24 h after slaughter were determined. PUT concentrations were quantifiable only in some samples. Mean SPD concentrations were 4-6, 13.5 and 16.8 mg kg-1 in the meats, sheep and lamb livers, respectively. The respective SPM concentrations were 17-25, 128 and 79 mg kg-1. SPD and SPM losses of about one fifth and half of the initial level, respectively, were apparent in mutton loins stored at -18°C for 6 months. Significant losses of SPD and SPM were found in mutton loins stored aerobically, vacuum-packaged or in a modified atmosphere at +2°C. Boiling and stewing of mutton legs caused SPD and SPM losses of about 40% and roasting of about 60% of the initial content.
