The global SARS-CoV-2 pandemic dictates that anti-contagion strategies should become matters of essential routine in everyday life. Fomite transference is one of the routes of transmission that has been considered for this virus. However, the risks associated with contaminated surfaces of food packaging kept in refrigerators have not yet been adequately assessed. In this study, a surrogate virus, Alphacoronavirus 1, was used to investigate the persistence of coronavirus dried on a plastic carrier at 4 °C. Techniques of wet wiping, with or without disinfectant saturation, were employed to evaluate their effectiveness in the elimination of the virus. If not wiped, the loss of infectivity of the virus on plastic surfaces was, on average, 0.93 log10 (i.e. 83%) per day of storage at 4 °C. Wiping with water-saturated material reduced the initial virus titre on the plastic carrier by 2.4 log10 (99.6%); the same results were achieved through wiping with bactericidal wipes containing ethanol. Wipes saturated with a combination of disinfectant agents (didecyl-dimethyl-ammonium chloride, hydrogen peroxide) decreased the virus titre still more efficiently, by 3.8 log10 (99.98%) and also significantly prevented further transfer of the virus to a secondary surface through wiping. Thus SARS-CoV-2 transmission potential via contaminated plastic packaging and food may be efficiently eliminated by wet-wiping, especially when wipes saturated with specific disinfectants are used.
- MeSH
- antibakteriální látky MeSH
- Betacoronavirus MeSH
- bezpečnost potravin * MeSH
- chlazení * MeSH
- Coronavirus MeSH
- COVID-19 MeSH
- dezinfekce metody MeSH
- dezinficiencia MeSH
- ethanol MeSH
- fomity virologie MeSH
- koronavirové infekce epidemiologie prevence a kontrola virologie MeSH
- kvartérní amoniové sloučeniny MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- obaly potravin * MeSH
- pandemie prevence a kontrola MeSH
- peroxid vodíku MeSH
- plastické hmoty * MeSH
- SARS-CoV-2 MeSH
- skladování potravin metody MeSH
- virová pneumonie epidemiologie prevence a kontrola virologie MeSH
- voda MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
BACKGROUND: Honeybee viruses have been recognized as being among the most important factors leading to colony losses worldwide. Colony food and faeces are regarded as possible sources of infectious viruses able to contaminate the environment and equipment of apiaries. Thus, methods for elimination of viruses are required. No cell culture assay for testing the effect of disinfectants on honeybee viruses is yet available. Therefore, surrogate virus was employed for testing of the efficacy of iodophor- and peracetic acid-based disinfectants in combination with six organic contaminants at +6 °C and +22 °C. Moreover, we evaluated the persistence of the surrogate in honey at +6 °C, +22 °C, and +50 °C. RESULTS: Iodophor-based disinfectant showed a maximum reduction of virus titre of 3.4 log10. Peracetic acid reduced the titre (≥4 log10) only at 22 °C and without yeast extract/bovine serum albumin. After 25 days of incubation of the virus - honey mix, no decrease of virus titre was observed at +6 °C, whereas a significant reduction (3.5 log10) was found at +50 °C already after 1 day. CONCLUSIONS: Both tested disinfectants can serve as appropriate virucides in apiaries. The effect of peracetic acid significantly depended on temperature and organic contaminants. The iodophor-based disinfectant showed a stable antiviral effect at different temperatures and with different contaminants. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
- MeSH
- antivirové látky farmakologie MeSH
- dezinficiencia farmakologie MeSH
- Enterovirus účinky léků fyziologie MeSH
- včelařství MeSH
- včely fyziologie virologie MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
Only very few comparative studies have been performed that evaluate general trends of virus growth under 3D in comparison with 2D cell culture conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate differences when four animal viruses are cultured in 2D and 3D. Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1), Vesicular stomatitis virus (VSIV), Bovine adenovirus (BAdV) and Bovine parainfluenza 3 virus (BPIV-3) were cultivated in 3D rotating wall vessels (RWVs) and conventional 2D cultures. The production of virus particles, the portion of infectious particles, and the infectious growth curves were compared. For all viruses, the production of virus particles (related to cell density), including the non-infectious ones, was lower in 3D than in 2D culture. The production of only infectious particles was significantly lower in BAdV and BPIV-3 in 3D cultures in relation to cell density. The two cultivation approaches resulted in significantly different virus particle-to-TCID50 ratios in three of the four viruses: lower in SuHV-1 and BPIV-3 and higher in BAdV in 3D culture. The infectious virus growth rates were not significantly different in all viruses. Although 3D RWV culture resulted in lower production of virus particles compared to 2D systems, the portion of infectious particles was higher for some viruses.
- MeSH
- Atadenovirus růst a vývoj fyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- buněčné kultury * přístrojové vybavení metody MeSH
- buňky MDCK MeSH
- Cercopithecus aethiops MeSH
- kultivace virů metody MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- prasečí herpesvirus 1 růst a vývoj fyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- psi MeSH
- replikace viru MeSH
- skot MeSH
- Vero buňky MeSH
- virus bovinní parainfluenzy 3 růst a vývoj fyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- virus vezikulární stomatitidy, kmen Indiana růst a vývoj fyziologie ultrastruktura MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- psi MeSH
- skot MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- srovnávací studie MeSH
Small, non-enveloped RNA viruses belonging to the genera Sapovirus, Kobuvirus, and Mamastrovirus are usually associated with gastroenteritis in humans and animals. These enteric pathogens are considered potential zoonotic agents. In this study, the prevalence and genetic diversity of sapoviruses (SaVs), kobuviruses (KoVs), and astroviruses (AstVs) in asymptomatic pigs were investigated using a PCR approach. KoV was found to be the most prevalent virus (87.3 %), followed by AstV (34.2 %) and SaV (10.2 %). Interestingly, the intra- and inter-cluster distances between porcine SaV capsid sequences revealed one strain (P38/11/CZ) that formed a new genotype within genogroup III of porcine SaVs, and it is tentatively called "P38/11-like" genotype. Moreover, this is the first report of porcine kobuvirus detection on Czech pig farms. The high prevalence rate of gastroenteritis-producing viruses in clinically healthy pigs represents a continuous source of infection of pigs, and possibly to humans.
- MeSH
- Astroviridae genetika MeSH
- fylogeneze MeSH
- gastroenteritida epidemiologie veterinární virologie MeSH
- genetická variace * MeSH
- genotyp MeSH
- infekce viry z čeledi Astroviridae epidemiologie veterinární virologie MeSH
- infekce viry z čeledi Caliciviridae epidemiologie veterinární virologie MeSH
- Kobuvirus genetika MeSH
- nemoci prasat epidemiologie virologie MeSH
- pikornavirové infekce epidemiologie veterinární virologie MeSH
- prasata MeSH
- RNA virová genetika MeSH
- Sapovirus klasifikace genetika MeSH
- sekvenční analýza RNA MeSH
- Sus scrofa MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Česká republika MeSH
Quantitation of viruses is practised widely in both basic and applied virology. Infectious titration in cell cultures, the most common approach to it, is quite labour-intensive and alternative protocols are therefore sought. One of the alternatives is transmission electron microscope (TEM) quantitation using latex particles at a known concentration as a reference for counting virus particles. If virus TCID₅₀ is determined in parallel, the ratio of infectious to non-infectious virus particles may be established. This study employs such an approach to compute the number of virus particles and TCID₅₀, and establish their correlation for three viruses: Canine adenovirus 1 (CAdV-1), Feline calicivirus (FCV) and Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1). Each of the viruses was grown in five replicates until complete cytopathology was recorded (time 0), then frozen. They were thawed, filter-sterilised and left for additional periods of 16, 32 and 48 h at 37°C. At each time point, the infectious ability of the virus was characterised by TCID50 and the number of virions quantified by TEM, in order to evaluate the influence of timing on virus harvest. The virus particle count determined by TEM did not change for any of the viruses throughout the experiment. The relationship between virus particle counts with TCID₅₀ at time 0 showed good linearity response; their ratio was almost constant. The virus particle-to-TCID₅₀ ratio varied between 146 and 426 (mean±SD: 282±103) for CAdV-1, between 36 and 79 (57±18) for FCV and between 110 and 249 (167±53) for BoHV-1. The proportion of non-infectious particles did not change throughout the experiment for either CAdV-1 or BoHV-1. However, a decrease in virus infectious ability disclosed by TCID₅₀ indicated that the fraction of non-infectious particles in FCV increased 300,000 times when time 0 and 48 h were compared. The quantitation of viruses with TEM is a simple and rapid protocol for virus quantitation but account must be taken of the type of virus and harvesting time as virus counts need not necessarily correlate with virus infectious ability.
- MeSH
- bovinní herpesvirus 1 izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- buněčné linie MeSH
- časové faktory MeSH
- kočičí kalicivirus izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- kultivace virů MeSH
- mikrobiální viabilita * MeSH
- psí adenoviry izolace a purifikace fyziologie MeSH
- transmisní elektronová mikroskopie metody MeSH
- virová nálož metody MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- práce podpořená grantem MeSH
